Ferdinand V. Hayden: Entrepreneur of ScienceU of Nebraska Press, 1. jan. 2000 - 389 sider By 1865 the American West had been thoroughly explored, but the knowledge obtained was by no means comprehensive. Though Americans generally agreed that the West was full of opportunities, exactly what those opportunities were and how they might best be exploited was not completely clear. Agriculture as it was then practiced was unsuitable for the rugged mountains and arid plains. Mining success depended upon identifying mineral deposits and developing effective means of extracting them. Science could contribute to answering these questions, but at the time there were no bureaus or agencies that could apply scientific expertise to these challenges. Ferdinand V. Hayden helped fill this gap beginning with his 1867 survey of Nebraska. The story of this and later Hayden expeditions illustrates the evolving relationship of government patronage and science in Gilded Age America. By sheer force of personality and persistence, Hayden succeeded in selling the federal government something it was not at all sure it wanted: science. In the process he created a secure niche for several branches of science within the federal bureaucracy. He was the one person most responsible for the creation of the United States Geological Survey as a civilian bureau. Most importantly, Hayden's surveys led to the production of detailed topographic maps and inspired--for good or ill--the intensive development of the West's resources. James G. Cassidy is an associate professor of history at St. Anselm College in Manchester, New Hampshire. |
Indhold
The Making of a Frontier | 33 |
The Survey of Nebraska | 81 |
Harnessing Interests | 107 |
Positions Patronage | 139 |
Executive of Science | 169 |
Publishing and Publicizing | 201 |
Competing in a Changing | 241 |
Generalist versus Technocrat | 283 |
The Sun Sets on Haydens | 315 |
Almindelige termer og sætninger
Academy American science Annual Report appointment appropriation army assistance career Chittenden civilian claimed Clarence King Coast Survey collections collectors Colorado committee Cong Congress Cope corps den's efforts expedition Exploration Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden field fossils Foster FVH to Baird FVH to Leidy Gardner Garfield Geological Survey geologist Hall Hayden Survey Hayden wrote Hayes important interests John Wesley Powell Journal King land Leidy Coll Lesley Lesquereux letter maps Marsh Meek ment Mike Foster Moran National natural history naturalists Nebraska Territory Newberry paleontology Papers party patronage patrons photographs political position Powell Powell's practice Press proposed railroad Raynolds region River Schurz scientific scientists Smithsonian Society sought specimens Stevenson Strange Genius success survey of Nebraska survey's Territories Thomas Moran tion topographical Univ USGS West western surveys Wheeler Wheeler Survey Whitney William Henry Jackson Yellowstone Yellowstone National Park York