his advance to the 'Tagus, and subsequent retreat out of Portugal. He moved in the advanced guard on the march of the allies to Salanianca and the Douro. On the 22d of July, 1812, at the battle of Salamanca, Colonel Pack made a very gallant attack upon the Arapiles; in which, however, he did not succeedl, except in diverting the attention of the enemy's troops placed upon it, from the troops under the command of Lieutenant-General Cole, in his advance. He was in the march to, and capture of Madrid, and in the march to, and capture of Burgos. Previously to the siege, detachments under Colonel Pack's command carried by assault the horn-work of that castle, after a gallant and desperate action; for which the special thanks of His Royal Highness the Prince Regent and the Commander-in-Chief were given to the troops through the Duke of Wellington.

In retreating frorn Burgos in 1813, Colonel Pack's brigade formed the rear-guard; and from thence to the frontier of Portugal was very frequently in presence of the enemy. In the memorable advance of the Duke of Wellington into Spain, and the passage of the Ebro, it was in the advanced guard of the left column of the army, under Sir Thomas Graham.

At the splendid victory obtained at Vittoria, by the allied army, on the 21st of June, 1813, Colonel Pack's brigade of infantry composed part of the left wing of the army under Sir Thomas Graham. On the 20th of June he had marched to Margina, and from thence moved forward to Vittoria, by the high road from that town to Bilboa. Colonel Pack, with his Portuguese brigade, and Colonel Longa, with his Spanish division, gained the heights covering the villages of Gamarra Maior, Gamarra Menor, and Abechucho; thus intercepting the enemy's retreat by the high road to France. On the 23d he assisted and flanked Colonel Halkett's light battalion, to push on by the Chaussée; and this service was performed in the most gallant style by his brave troops, who drove the enemy frorn the village of Veasyn. The enemy having troops ready posted on the succession of strong heights on each side of the deep valley at the bottom of which the road runs,

a considerable time became necessary to turn his flanks, during which he evacuated Villa Franca without further dispute. Colonel Pack's Portuguese brigades, on the right and left of the valley, pushed on their advance to Yehasurido; and the troops assembled at Villa Franca. On the 25th, three companies of the 4th Caçadores, belonging to Colonel Pack's brigade, and two companies of the grenadiers of the 1st regiment, drove the enemy from the summit of an important hill lying between the Pampluna and Vittoria roads. On the 4th of June, 1813, Colonel Pack had the brevet of Major-General conferred upon him.

Shortly after, Major-General Pack was appointed to the Highland brigade, in the 6th division. The division itself, at this time, for a short period fell also to his command. After a forced march, he arrived in time to share in the victory gained by the Duke of Wellington over the French under Marshal Soult, at Pampluna, on the 20th of July, 1813, in which action Major-General Pack was severely wounded in the head. He commanded the Highland brigade in the passage of the Nivelle, and advance of the British into France; in the overthrow of the enemy in his fortified lines before Bayonne; in the advance to, and passage of the Nive; in the repulse of the enemy's attack on the British position before St. Jean de Luz; and, though not actually engaged, he was present at the signal defeat of the enemy's desperate attack on Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill's corps, on the 13th of December, 1813. He was also in the passage of the Gave d'Oleron, and the Gave de Pau; at the battle of Orthes, on the 27th of February, 1814; and at the passage of the Adour, at St. Seur.

The

At the taking of Toulouse, in April, 1814, Major-General Pack's brigade of the 6th division carried the two principal redoubts and fortified houses in the enemy's centre. enemy made a desperate effort to regain these redoubts, but were repulsed with considerable loss; and the 6th division continuing their movements, the enemy were driven from two redoubts and their intrenchments on the left; and the

whole range of heights remained in the possession of the allied army. In the Duke of Wellington's dispatch, dated Toulouse, 12th of April, 1814, Major-General Pack is mentioned as one of the officers, "whose ability and conduct he cannot sufficiently applaud." In this battle, Major-General Pack's brigade had nearly two-thirds of the officers, and upwards of half the privates, killed or wounded.

From his first joining the 14th light dragoons, to the close of the war in the Peninsula, Major-General Pack was constantly employed. He purchased all his commissions, was never on half-pay, and never was absent from service on any duty in which he could possibly be engaged. In the course of the war he received eight wounds, six of them rather severe ones; was frequently struck by shot, and had several horses killed and wounded under him. In the year 1813, the order of the Tower and Sword was presented to him by the King of Portugal; and after the termination of hostilities he was, in January, 1815, created a Knight Commander of the most honourable military order of the Bath; and was allowed the honour of wearing a cross and seven clasps for the following actions, at all of which he had commanded troops, and had been personally engaged; viz. Roleia, Vimiera, Corunna, Busaco, Ciudad Rodrigo, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes, and Toulouse.

It may easily be supposed, that when the unexpected return of Buonaparte to France from Elba rendered a renewal of hostilities inevitable, Sir Denis Pack was one of the foremost in resuming active duty. In the field of Waterloo he rendered the most important services. On the 15th of June, 1815, he was engaged from the commencement in repelling the attack made by Buonaparte at Les Quatre Bras, and was one of the general officers named by the Duke of Wellington in his dispatch, as having "highly distinguished themselves;" and on the memorable 18th of June his conduct was so satisfactory to the illustrious hero under whom he served, that he was particularly mentioned by His Grace, for His Royal Highness the Prince Regent's approbation. In this splendid and decisive

battle Sir Denis Pack was once more wounded, though slightly.

In August, 1815, the Emperor of Russia conferred on him the decoration of the Second Class of St. Wladimir; and in the following month the Emperor of Austria conferred on him the order of Maria Theresa.

On the 10th of July, 1816, this gallant officer married Elizabeth Louisa, eighth child and fourth daughter of George de la Poer Beresford, first Marquis of Waterford, and sister of Henry, second and present Marquis.

On the 17th of August, 1819, he was appointed LieutenantGovernor of Plymouth; and on the 13th of September, 1822, he was further preferred to the Colonelcy of the 84th foot.

Sir Denis Pack died at the house of Lord Beresford, in Wimpole-Street, on the 24th of July, 1823, to the great loss of the public, as well as of his private friends and afflicted family. As soon as the melancholy intelligence reached Plymouth, the colours at the Citadel, the Dock-Yard, Mount Wise, and St. Nicholas's Island, as well as of all the ships in the port, were lowered half-mast.

No. XVIII.

DAVID RICARDO, Esq. M. P.

In the early history of Mr. Ricardo's life there is nothing, the relation of which would be likely to excite either attention or interest. His father, a native of Holland, and of very respectable connections, came over on a visit to this country, when young, and preferring it to his own, became naturalised, and settled here. He entered the Stock Exchange; and being a man of good natural abilities, and of the strictest honour and integrity, made a corresponding progress; acquiring a respectable fortune, and possessing considerable influence within the circle in which he moved. He married, and was the father of a very numerous family, of which David, the subject of the present memoir, was the third. He was born on the 19th of April, 1772; and in point of education had the same advantages which are usually allotted to those who are destined for a mercantile line of life. When very young, he was sent to Holland. His father, who had designed him to follow the same business in which he was engaged, and whose transactions lay chiefly in that country, sent him thither not only with a view to his becoming acquainted with it, but also that he might be placed at a school of which he entertained a very high opinion. After two years' absence he returned home, and continued the common school-education till his father took him into business. At his intervals of leisure he was allowed any masters for private instruction whom he chose to have: but he had not the benefit of what is called a classical education; and it is doubtful whether it would have been a benefit to him, or whether it might not have led his mind to a course of study, in early life, foreign to those habits of deep thinking, which in the end enabled him to de