lar the Articles contain'd in the faid Treaty; nor fhall we consent that any thing be attempted or innovated either by our felves or our Subjects, contrary to the faid Peace and Reconciliation, or in prejudice of the faid Treaty. In Teftimony whereof, we have put our Hand to these Presents, in the Chappel of our Palace at Weftminster, the 7th of September 1630. according to the Computation of the Church of England, and of our Reign the fixth. Sign'd Charles R.

The Manifefto of Guftavus Adolphus King of Sweden, wherein he declares the Reafons that oblig'd Him to take up Arms, and enter into Germany. Publish'd in July or Auguft, in the Year 1630.

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HEN we come to confider the Business of War, the firft Question to be propos'd is, Whether it be Juft or no. This is the Cafe at prefent with respect to that which the King of Sweden has undertaken anew, who may very juftly be call'd Great, both for his Courage and Vlaour, and other Heroick Virtues, for his Power, Strength and Endeavours, and alfo for all his High and Mighty Defigns, and Actions truly worthy of a Great King; having for these last Years, in order to fupport and encourage his Friends, made War fuccefsfully against the Muscovites and Polanders, and then dextroully made Peace ftill for his Glory and notable Advantage; and fome Months ago, viz. in a very fhort time, brought his Army into the Harbours of the Baltick Sea; having made himself Mafter of all Pomerania, and fortify'd the Places within his Conqueft, not to extend his Limits, and enlarge his Bounds, but to deliver his Relations and Friends from Oppreffion; not by the Devaftation of Countries and Cities, but at his own Charges and Expence, and at the Hazard of his own Person, as appears by the pub

lick Accounts, which have fpread his Fame thro the whole Univerfe. 'Tis true, fuch as envy his Glory, and those who are not yet inform'd of the Juftice of his Arms, put various Conftructions upon his Designs, and fpread finifter Reports of him, to the prejudice of his Reputation. It has therefore been thought fit and proper, to declare to the World the Motives and Reafons of his laft Progrefs and Entry into Germany; and not to dwell upon what is notorious to all the People and States of Christendom, it will be fufficient to fay, That the Spaniards and the Houfe of Auftria have been always intent upon a Univerfal Monarchy, or at leaft defign'd the Conqueft of the Chriftian States and Provinces in the Weft, and particularly of the Principalities and free Towns in Germany, where that Houfe haş made fuch a Progrefs, that if this brave and generous Northern Prince had not beftir'd himself, and oppos'd that Torrent, fhe had pufh'd her Ambition and Arms to the most diftant Kingdoms and Provinces, which have hitherto preferv'd and maintain'd their Liberty, notwithstanding thousands of fecret and open Practices and Threats made ufe of by the Spaniards and their Partizans. This is what has given occafion to his Majefty of Sweden to put Fleets to Sea, and bring Armies into the Field, in order to preferve his Friends, and render Traf fick and Commerce free thro this whole Climate, as well by Sea as by Land; being thereto invited by feveral Princes and States of the Empire, before they were entirely reduc'd to Servitude and Mifery, wherein they now find themfelves fhackled by the Tyranny of am bitious Designers, Ringleaders, Counfellors and Generals of the faid Houfe; and by all means to prevent the total Ruin both of himself and his Neighbours, Friends and Allies, which is truly an Effect of the Charity and Protection which a prudent and generous Prince naturally ows to his own Subjects, and his nearest Neighbours, who are ready to fall under the Oppreffion_of their Enemies: tho he was fcarce able to imagine that the Enemies of publick Liberty would have rufh'd with fo much Violence and Impetuofity into the Countries of their Neighbours as they have done. And this Belief and Opinion was the Caufe of his Majefty's topping fhort in his Defign of fuccouring those who apprehended

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prehended that Invafion, and turning his Counfels and Arms in the mean while elsewhere, that he might not lofe the Opportunities that offer'd themselves.

For after the Wars of Poland in the year 1626. had oblig'd his Majefty to march his Army into Pruffia (a Province fubject to the faid King of Poland) he then began to confider more narrowly every thing he had to hope or fear from thofe who ravag'd Germany in that manner; and judg'd right, that his Friends had not, without Reafon or Foundation, advis'd him of what he understood the Enemy always intended against him more and more with relation to the War, as they drew nearer to the Baltick Provinces.

For in the first place, in the faid Year, the Letters fent by his faid Majefty to the Prince of Transylvania were intercepted; and after they had been open'd, and falfe Gloffes put upon them, to load his Majefty with the Peoples Hatred, and render him odious every where, they were maliciously publish'd; and the Courier who carry'd them was put in Prifon, and treated as a Criminal, by open and publick Violence, contrary to the Law of Nations.

In the fecond place, the Enemies of the publick Quiet hinder'd the Peace, which was then treating, from being concluded between his faid Majefty and the King of Poland; altho there was great appearance of its being in a fair way to be brought to a Conclufion, infomuch that they practis'd upon and corrupted the chief_Minifters of the States of Poland by Prefents and Artifices, with an Intention ftill to continue and keep up that War, until they had executed their Defigns in the Empire, by making the Polanders hope, that after they had fubdu'd the Proteftant Party in Germany, they would not fail to affift them to invade and take poffeffion of the Kingdom of Sweden.

For confirmation of which Promife, and to acquit themselves of their Obligation by real Effects, which tended only to animate the Polanders, and weaken Sweden; they forbid any Levies to be made in Germany for Sweden, and on the contrary allow'd the Enemy to levy Soldiers openly, and to make use of all the Provifions they could draw from thence. But perceiving that notwithstanding all their Prohibitions, Soldiers flock'd from all

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the Countries of Germany into the Service of the King of Sweden, the following year 1627. they dispatch'd the Duke of Holface with a powerful Army to make head against him in Pruffia, and that under the Colours and Banners of the Emperor himself. Befides this, and for a greater Teftimony of their Ill-will, and in order to deprive the Swedes of all Conveniences, they forbid the Merchants all Freedom of Trade and Commerce, taking away all their Merchandizes, and even fuch whereof the Carriage had been paid in the Towns of Germany, and confifcated the Swedish Ships, on pretext of eftablishing a general Commerce in Lubeck for the Hans Towns: Which in effect was driving and excluding the Swedes from the whole Commerce of the Baltick, and making a Naval Force at the Expence of the poor Merchants, Subjects of the King of Sweden, in order freely to range and pirate in the faid Sea at their Will and Pleafure, which they fhew'd with a witness the following year, having newly created a General of the Seas (a new and unheard of Title in that Climate) and poffefs'd themselves of the Ports and fortify'd Places in the Dutchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.

It may be objected here, That all this was tolerable, if they had gone no further. But it was to be fuppos'd that they would not stop there, and indeed they foon began to range the Sea, and fortify the Port of the City of Stralfond, for a Receptacle and Retreat to their Pirates; a thing that fo nearly concern'd all the neighbouring States, and gall'd them fo much, that the King of Sweden, who time immemorial had a Right to the Protection of the Baltick Sea, neither could or ought to fuffer any further Progrefs to be made.

His Majefty then, invited by the earneft Prayers of his Friends and Allies, and irritated by the Injuries and Outrages done as well to his own Subjects as to his Friends and Allies, march'd a fecond time into Pruffia about the Spring of the following year 1628. with a defign to remedy all thofe Inconveniences by good and lawful ways and means. And it happen'd in the mean time, that the Deputies of the faid City of Stralfond came to wait upon him, to complain, That notwithstanding their City had not in the leaft offended the Emperor, altho they had neither been accus'd, cited or condemn'd, and

even after they had been declar'd innocent by an Imperial Decree, with a Promise and Affurance of an entire Deliverance; yet the Imperial Army under the Command of General Walleftein, committed Ravage and Devastation, and exercis'd unheard of Cruelties upon the Burgeffes of that City, and the Inhabitants of the flat Country; and proceeded fo far as to fortify themselves in their Territory, and, without any Declaration of War, furpriz'd the Ifle of Denholm, over against the Port of the faid City, which they were going to ftrengthen and fortify, to the great Damage and Prejudice thereof: That they had befides feiz'd the Paffes of the Ifle of Rugen, and thofe of their City, in order to make their way to the Continent: That they had amus'd the Citizens with vain hopes, on purpose to furprize them : That after having drain'd their Purfes, they defign'd likewife to oblige them to receive a Garifon, and demanded their Ships, Guns, and Harbours; and in the mean time opprefs'd them with all manner of Violences, without either regarding their Innocence, or the Imperial Conftitutions, or the Emperor's Decree, or the Treaty made in Pomerania with the Camp-Marefchal Arnheim, or feveral other Pactions, nor even the vaft Sums of Mony which the faid City had contributed, whereby they thought to have been in Safety and Liberty.

This poor City then finding they could not be deliver'd by the Decrees of the Emperor, and perceiving that the Duke of Pomerania their Prince was not able to affift them, and feeing themselves abandon'd by their Confederates, were forc'd out of neceffity to have recourfe to a foreign Aid and Affiftance, in order to divert the Ruin that threaten'd them, and fo accept of Succour from the moft Serene King of Denmark, in hopes that Hoftility and Violence might either be appeas'd or moderated. But fearing however left they hould be accus'd for being ally'd with a King, who was then at War with the Emperor, they judg'd it proper and convenient to throw themselves into the hands of the King of Sweden, who was then a Friend and a neutral Prince.

Wherefore his Majefty perceiving that no Moderation was to be expected from an Army, which had behav'd emfelves with fo much Injustice and Cruelty; and