ly all the time, till the island was out of fight; in this place they spoke a large fhip, the Captain of which, had no idea of his fituation; he had not noticed the bottom,. and was failing in full confidence of being far from danger. On being defired to look over the fide of his fhip, the whole crew was in the utmoft confternation, and hove the fhip too, with all her fails fett. He was foon informed of his true longitude, and took a new departure. Had this Captain kept a thermometrical journal he would not, probably, have been fo deceived, and had he at this time been in a gale of wind, his error might have been fatal. Every body in this city remembers the dreadful cataftrophe of the fhip Faithful Steward, which was loft, on this coaft, with near 500 people on board, about feven years fince. The Captain was fo fure of having fufficient fea room, that he did not think of founding, the weather was not boisterous and had he known his fituation he might have ftood off during the night. But fearless of a danger he did not know, he ftood on with full fails, and was in an inftant loft: I think there were not above twenty fouls faved. A thermometer regularly ufed would have given warning in time, and probably have faved these lives.. The impreffion fuch events have made on my mind, has induced me to be thus particular, and I the more readily do juftice, to the judicious example given to other Captains, by Captain Billings, becaufe I think the obfervations of a mariner, are more likely to be attended to by mariners, than any inftruction given by a landfman. I think befides, that the merit of Captain Billings, ought to be rewarded, by a publication of his laudable conduct, that that he may enjoy the reputation to which he is justly en.titled. I am with great respect, Sir Your moft obedient and Moft humble Servant, JONATHAN WILLIAMS, One of the Secretaries of the A Thermometrical Journal of the temperature of the atmof phere and Jea on a paffage from Philadelphia to Oporto in the Ship Apollo, by Captain William Billings. -Off Cape Henlopen.-N. B. The thermometer is on Fahrenheit's fcale and the longitude Weft from London. The days are reckoned to begin at Noon and to end at the fucceeding noon according to the ufage of navigators. June 8th. at 10 A. M. being the firit alteration in the heat of the water after leaving the coaft it is fuppofed we entered the gulph tream. The courfe is not across, but rather along this current, fomewhat diagonally however. June 10th at noon it is fuppofed we are in the middle of the gulph ftream. June 14th noon this fudden fall of 9° is fuppofed to be owing to the influence of the banks of Newfoundland which bear about N. July 4th the water appears to have changed colour. Land in fight, but frequently ob fcured by fog. Land distant about 6 leagues. Land distant about 2 leagues being the high land of Braganea nová A Thermometrical A Thermometrical Journal of the temperature of the atmojphere and fea, on a paffage from Oporto to Philadelphia, in the Ship Apollo, by Captain William Billings. 1791 Dates. 56 9 04 13.06. 69 NOTES. 57 Port barr: bearing ESE dift. 7 leagues. 60 61 69 65 69 67 2222 But about half of degree difference of latitude during 5 days, and little or no change in the temperature of the fea. N. B. 1 and degree fouthing water 3° warmer. At 4 PM made the island St. Michael off, at 5 A M. tack'd and stood to Made the ifland Tercera. at 4 P. M. Near Tercera, St. Georges and Pico in fight: 68 Clofe in with St. Georges. 68 7 I 70 69 70 71 72 70 73 70 69 Midnight 69 73 36 36 20 Noon. 36 26 34 3I 24 74 75 74 AThermometrical Journal of the temperature of the atmof phere and fea, on a paffage from Oporto to Philadelphia, in the fhip Apollo, by Capt. William Billings, continued. Read Feb. 17, 1792. Cryptogamick. Nufquam natura major quam in minimis. A PLIN.. LTHOUGH the procefs of nature in the formation and reproduction of all organifed bodies is evidently uniform, yet there are philofophers and naturalifts who fcruple to admit this general principle in all inftances, and think it still liable to fome exceptions.. More 1. The calyx (perichetium, of only one piece, at the bottom of the B. The tube opened: tube. 2. The fame of many pieces, or folioles. 3. The flower of the Fontinalis, surrounded by the calycine folioles. 4. The cawl (calyptra) of the Bryum extinctorium of Linnæus. 5. Another species of cawl which is more common. 6. The hairy cawl of the Polytrichum. 7. The complete flower of the Hypnum. 8. The fame in the Mnium Polytrichoides (Linn.), the cawl of which is hairy. 9. A very small tubular corolla, the opercule of which is obtufe. Sphagnum. 10. A corolla, of which the opercule is conic. Hypnum, Bryum, &c. II. A corolla, of which the opercule is pointed. Bryum, Mnium. 12. A corolla, the opercule of which is in the form of a chapiter, flattened at the base. Polytrichum. 13. A corolla the opercule of which is in the form of a chapiter, rounded at the base. Bryum. 14. The corolla, stalk, leaves and root of the Phofcum. 15. The corolla of the Polytrichum commune, opened after its explofion. 4. A thread hut up in the tube. C. The calyx. E. The capsule torn off, after maturity. D. The flower opened. 16. The corolla of the Hypnum velutinum (Linn.) opened after the escape of the pollen. A. The pollen, or fecundating powder. C. The calyx. 17. The corolla of the Hypnum at the moment of fecundation, B. The exterior cills. |