primeval times, the golden age, that the land was not divided and marked out by boundaries. So also Ovid, Met. 1, 135.-13. Fruges et Cererem. By Hendiadys for fruges Cereris.-14. Longior annua. This feature of primitive life, Horace seems to have borrowed from Caesar's account of the Suevi, B. G. 4, 1: Centum pagos habere dicuntur, e quibus quotannis singula millia armatorum bellandi causa educunt. Reliqui, qui domi manserint, se atque illos alunt. Hi rursus anno post in armis sunt; illi domi remanent.-Sed privati ac separati agri apud eos nihil est, neque longius anno remanere uno in loco incolendi causa licet.Comp. Tac. Germ. 26.-16. Aequali-sorte; must be joined with vicarius. Vicarius is he who succeeds, and he succeeds under just the same conditions.-18. Temperat; like parcit; spares, i. e. is kindly to. So Cic. in Verrem, 2, 2, non solum sociis-consuluit, verum etiamhostibus temperavit.-21. Dos est-virtus. As Horace says, O. iv. 4, 29, fortes creantur fortibus et bonis. Plautus has also an illustrative passage, which is quoted by Orelli and Dillenb.: it is in Amphit. ii., 2, 207: Non ego illam dotem mi esse duco, quae dos dicitur; sed pudicitiam et pudorem et sedatam cupidinem, Deum metum, parentum amorem, et cognatum concordiam.-The form parentium occurs very seldom, though similar ones are found, even in prose, e. g. civitatium.-24. Et peccare. With this line, illic (1. 17) must be repeated. Peccare refers to violation of castitas. Aut alioquin, else, if otherwise. To commit (that offence) is (deemed) the utmost wickedness, or else (that is, if the offence is committed), the penalty is death.26. Civicam. See n. O. ii., 1, 1.-27. Pater urbium. The poet probably alludes to Augustus. Comp introd. to Ode 6th of this Book. The words, however, are not a title of Augus tus, nor to be confounded with pater patriae. See n. O. i., 2, 50.35. As illustrative of the same sentiment, comp. the words of Tacitus, Germ. 19: Bonae leges minus valent quam boni mores. 42. Magnum. Repeat the si from 1. 36. Opprobrium is in apposition with pauperies.

-46. Turba faventium. Such donations were solemnly deposited in the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, amidst the applauding shouts of the people. Favere is often used in the sense of applaud. So Livy, 1, 25, clamore, qualis-faventium solet.-57. Graeco. Used in contempt; as the Roman sports were more manly and healt yet more reason, satirizes the adoption of G

-57. Legibus. There wa of persons condemned by Trist. 2, 470.60. Co Properet. Used transiti

note.

-64. Curtae. Small; that is, in the opinion of the unsatisfied possessor. Comp. O. iii., 16, 28, inter opes inops; and Epist. i. 2, 56.

ODE XXV.

Adithyrambic ode, in which the rapt poet sings anew, and in yet loftier strains, the praises of Augustus.

2. Nemora. Like specus, depends upon in. See Z. § 778. Comp. the similar language, at the beginning of O. ii. 19. - -4. Antris. Abl. case; the preposition omitted, as often in poetry. It means grottoes, and is a finer, more poetic word than specus. - Audiar. Future tense; and also dicam, 1. 7. 5. Meditans-inserere. The infinitive, as frequently in poetic use, for ad inserendum. — 6. Consilio. Comp. O. iii., 3, 17, consiliantibus divis.- -9. Exsomnis. Ever-wakeful, literally, sleepless. Like exsanguis, exlex, and similar words, where ex has the same force. In this and the following lines, the poet in his rapture, compares himself to a Bacchanal, and contemplates, with like amazement, the strange regions into which he is borne. -10. Hebrum. A river in Thrace, where also the mountain Rhodope.. 11. Barbaro. Of the Thracians, who, like the Phrygians, are always so designated by the Greek poets. The allusion is to the wild orgies of the Bacchantes. -12. Ut. Join with non secus. Non secus-ut, not otherwise—than, just-as. 19. Lenace. From Anvòs, god of the wine-press. Lenacer. 20. Cingentem; sc. sibi. Comp. O. iv., 8, 33.

ODE XXVI.

Scorned by the haughty Chloe, the poet, like a discharged soldier, will abandon the of love, but begs of Venus, as a last request, that his slighted love may not go

yl. A frequent poetic figure, Comp I, 1, 16; Ovid
4. Hic paries-latus. The pet represents himself in
Menus, where he will hang up his lyre, and the arna
this he will do on the wall, to the left of
on the right-hand wall of the
la Sat. I. 5. 18: bus IIM Aho

es, covered wi

ye to use with

bysigin

ere with

which to accomplish their purposes. - 9. Cyprum. Comp. O. i., 3, 1; i., 30, 2. 10. Memphin. In this Egyptian city was a celebrated temple of Venus. On Sithonia, comp. n. O. i., 18, 9.

ODE XXVII.

The poet seeks to dissuade Galatea from braving the perils of a voyage in the season of autumn. Deprecating all evil omens (1-12), he urges a consideration of the autumnal storms, which she must needs encounter (13-24), and sets forth, in tones of warning, the story of Europa (25–76).

In verses 1-7, the poet speaks of ill omens, which the wicked, not Galatea, my fear; and (9-12) asks for her only favorable auguries.

3. Rava. Grayish; the color, according to Festus, between flavus and caesius. - Lanuvino. Lanuvium, a town on the right of the Appia via, the road on which Galatea was to set out on her journey. See n. on 1. 12. 10. Divina; prophetic, as in A. P. 218. - -11. Oscinem corvum. Birds furnished auguries in two ways; by their singing, and by their flight; hence called oscines, and alites or praepetes.

12. So

lis ab ortu. On the east; that is, from the left of the augur; as the Romans, in taking the auspices, faced the south, and therefore had the east on their left, and the west on their right; whence, with them, the lucky omens came from the left, since only from the eastern quarter of the heavens, as it was believed, could such omens come. The Greek augur faced the north, and therefore found his favorable auguries on his right. See Dict. Antiqq. — -13. Sis licet. See n. O. i., 28, 35. -15. Laevus. Here, contrary to ordinary Roman usage, the corvus and the picus gave lucky omens on the right. Dillenb. adds Ovid, Ibis, 128, a laeva moesta volavit avis. 18. Pronus; ad occasum vergens, setting; like devexus, O. i., 28, 21. 19. Novi. I know by my own experience; referring, perhaps, to his voyage from Greece to Italy. Albus. See n. O. i., 7, 15. Its very clearness might however mislead the sailor or voyager. Comp. n. O. i., 3, 4.- -21. Hostium. A similar imprecation in Virg. Georg. 3, 513. Comp. O. i., 21, 13, seqq. 28. Palluit audax. Palluit with acc. like silere, O. i., 12, 21. Audax is elegantly put in contrast with credidit latus. The story was, that Europa was carried off by Jupiter under the form of a white bull, across the sea from Phoenicia to the island of Crete. At first, charmed by the beauty of the creature, she boldly ventured to mount him, but soon was terrified by the monsters and perils of the deep. Translate: And yet, bold as she was, she soon grew pale at. -34-36. Pater-furore. Father, alas for the name of daughter, which I have abandoned, and for my filial affection, overcome by mad folly! The poet beautifully repre

sents Europa mute with terror, so long as she was on the sea; but as soon as she reaches the shore, she bitterly laments her rash folly in abandoning the name and affection of a daughter. - 41. Porta-ebur. na. Homer's ivory gate in Hades, through which came all false dreams. The true dreams came through a gate of horn. Od. 19, 562. — 47. Amati. See above, n. on 1. 28. 51. Si quis-audis. Virgil, Aen. 4, 625, uses similarly the pronoun aliquis with a verb in the second person. 59. Pendulum-collum. Join pendulum with ab orno. Laedere is used in its primary signification, dash against, break. 66. AderatVenus. "A correct taste will not be gratified by the counsel ascribed to her father, by the merriment of Venus on the occasion, or by the poor topic of consolation suggested to a mind tortured by shame and compunction." Girdlestone and Osborne. - -70. Irarum. On the genitive, see A. & S. § 220, 1.- -75. Sectus orbis; the same as sectio or dimidia orbis, in allusion to the then known divisions of the globe, Europe and Asia.

ODE XXVIII.

An invitation to Lyde, to celebrate with the poet the festival of the Neptunalia.

-Die Neptuni.

1. Potius. That is, than pass the day with thee. Die, the abl. of time. The festival of Neptune was observed on the 23d of July. -2. Reconditum. Hidden, stored away, old. Comp. n. on interiore nota, O. ii., 3, 8. - -3. Strenua. Adverbial; like sapiens, O. i., 7, 17, on which see note. Caccubum. See n. O. i., 20, 9.- 5. Meridiem; i. e. solem meridie inclinare, or se inclinare; as Liv. 9, 32, Sol meridie se inclinavit; Juv. Sat. 3, 316, Sol inclinat. 7. Horreo, or Apotheca. See notes, O. iii. 8, 11; 21, 7. -8. Bibuli. M. Calpurnius Bibulus was consul with Julius Caesar, B. c. 59.an amoebaean strain; I, Neptune and the Diana; and both together, Venus and Nox. ocean-nymphs, daughters of Nereus.

9. Invicem. Alternately; Nereides; you, Latona and

- 10. Nereidum. The fifty 13. Summo. In our last strain,

her who. Summus in sense of extremus, as in Epist. i., 1, 1; Juv. Sat. 1, 5. On Cnidon, comp. O. i., 30, 1.- -16. Dicetur. Agrees with Nox ; as the punctuation, which is Bentley's, indicates.

ODE XXIX.

This charming ode the poet, from his Sabine farm, writes to Maecenas, begging him to hasten away from the noise and smoke of the city, and forget for a while the cares of state, amid the simple pleasures of rural life. He bids him remember that we must live wisely and well in the present, as the future is all uncertain, an is hidden from mortal view. He who is content with what is given him, and who carries within him a brave and fearless conscience,-that man is independent of all the changes of fortune.

1. Tyrrhena. See, n. O. i., 1, 1. 2. Verso. Broached; literally, turned on one side, to let out the wine.. 3. Flore-rosarum; for chaplets; so often referred to, in connection with festive occasions Cum translate together with. 4. Balanus. An eastern nut, which yielded a celebrated oil. The best came from Arabia. 5. Jamdudum-est. Has been for some time at my house. See Arn. Pr. Intr. Pt. i., 413.6. Nec semper-contempleris. With Dillenb. I give the preference to this reading, which is sustained by good MS. authority. The other reading, ne—contempleris, though a good MS. reading, and yielding, in general, the same sense as nec-contempleris, is yet inferior on account of the abruptness of the transition, which it requires, in passing from the preceding line; whereas nec=et non joins directly the two clauses, contempleris having an imperative force; snatch thyself from delay, and be not ever gazing upon. The poet imagines Maecenas in his lofty palace on the Esquiline, surveying with wistful gaze the charming prospect before him,—those delightful hills that skirt the plain on the east, and those attractive spots, Tibur, Aesula, and Tusculum; longing for the quiet delights of rural life, and yet fastened to the city by public cares. The conjectural reading, ut semper udum, besides being jejune and prosaic, is quite gratuitous, being founded in a wrong apprehension of the word contemplari; as if it could apply only to objects quite near at hand. The mere mention (made by Orelli and Dillenbürger) of such Latin expressions as contemplari astra, stellas, coelum, is sufficient to do away with such a view of this verb. Tusculum was about twelve, and Tibur sixteen miles from Rome, and always visible in clear weather from the high parts of the city. -6. Tibur. See O. i., 7, 12. Aesula was between Tibur and Praeneste. 8. Telegonus, the son of Ulysses, who built Tusculum; he had unwittingly killed his father. -9. Fastidiosam-copiam. "Cloying store." Dryden. – -10. Molem; the palace of Maecenas on the Esquiline, which was very high, and built in a pyramidical, tower-like form; hence sometimes called turris. Horace refers to this palace in Epod 9, 3, sub alla-domo. Maecenas had another fine residence at Tibur, called by Suetonius (Nero. 38), turris Maecenatiana. 13. Vices; change; i. e. to the simplicity of a poor