Levant.

the East for the last six years, and tracting Powers will, immediately the termination of which, through after the signature of the present the means at the disposal of the additional and secret article, transSublime Porte, appears still remote, mit eventual instructions conformimpose upon the High Contracting able to the provisions above set Parties the necessity of taking im- forth, to the admirals commanding mediate measures for an approxi- their squadrons in the seas of the mation with the Greeks.

It is to be understood that this 3. Finally, if, contrary to all approximation shall be brought expectation, these measures do not about by establishing commercial yet suffice to induce the adoption relations with the Greeks, by send- by the Ottoman Porte of the proing to them for that purpose, and positions made by the High Conreceiving from them, Consular tracting Parties, or if, on the other Agents, so long as there shall exist hand, the Greeks renounce the among them authorities capable of conditions stipulated in their favour maintaining such relations. in the Treaty of this day, the High

2. If, within the said term of Contracting Powers will, neverone month, the Porte do not accept theless, continue to prosecute the the armistice proposed in the first work of pacification on the bases article of the public treaty, or if agreed upon between them; and, the Greeks refuse to execute it, in consequence, they authorize from the High Contracting Powers shall this time forward their represendeclare to that one of the two con- tatives in London to discuss and tending parties which shall wish determine the ulterior measures to continue hostilities, or to both to which it may become necessary if such become necessary, that the to resort. said High Contracting Powers in- The present additional and sem tend to exert all the means which cret article shall have the same circumstances may suggest to their force and value as if it had been prudence to obtain the immediate inserted, word for word, in the effect of the armistice, the execu- Treaty of this day. It shall be tion of which they desire, by ratified, and the ratifications therepreventing, in as far as may be in of shall be exchanged, at the same their power, all collision between time as those of the said Treaty. the contending parties, and, in In faith whereof, the respective fact, immediately after the afore- Plenipotentiaries have signed it, said declaration, the High Con- and have thereto affixed the seals tracting Powers will conjointly of their arms. employ all their means in the ac- Done at London, this 6th of complishment of the object thereof, July, in the year of Grace 1827. without, however, taking any part

DUDLEY. in the hostilities between the two

POLIGNAC. contending parties.

LIEVEN. In consequence, the High Con

MANIFESTO of the OTTOMAN PORTE. [The following document was state, and which are the offspring delivered on the 9th and 10th of of its legislation and form of goJune, 1827, by the Reis Effendi vernment. It belongs, then, to to the Dragomans of the French, itself alone to judge of what befits English, Russian, Austrian, and itself, and to busy itself therewith Prussian, missions, in the order in exclusively. Moreover, it is mate which they repaired to the Porte.] ter of public notoriety, that all the

To every man endowed with affairs of the Sublime Ottoman intelligence and penetration, it is Porte, are founded on its sacred clear and evident that, conformably legislation, and that all its reguto the decrees of Divine Provi- lations, national and political, are dence, the flourishing condition of strictly connected with the prethis world is owing to the union of cepts of religion. the humán species in the social Now the Greeks, who form part state ; and that, as on account of of the nations inhabiting the countheir diversity of manners and cha- tries conquered ages ago by the racter, this union could only be Ottoman arms, and who, from geaccomplished by the subjection of neration to generation, have beentridifferent nations, Almighty wis-butary subjects of the Sublime Porte, dom, in dividing the universe into have, like the other nations that, different countries, has assigned to since the origin of Islamism remained each a sovereign, into whose hands faithfully in submission, always enthe reins of absolute authority over joyed perfect repose and tranquillity the nations subject to his dominion under the ægis of our legislation. It are placed ; and that it is in this is notorious that these Greeks have wise manner the Creator has esta- been treated like Mussulmans in blished and regulated the order of every respect, and as to every thing the universe.

which regards their property, the If, on the one hand, the consis- maintenance of their personal setency and duration of such a state curity, and the defence of their of things principally depend on honour; that they have been, parmonarchs and sovereigns respec- ticularly under the glorious reign of tively abstaining from every kind the present sovereign, loaded with of interference in each other's in- benefits far exceeding those which ternal and private affairs, it is, on their ancestors enjoyed; but it is the other hand, not less evident precisely this great degree of fathat the essential objects of treaties vour, this height of comfort and between empires is to guard against tranquillity, that has been the the infringement of a system of cause of the revolt, excited by maorder so admirable, and thus to lignant men, incapable of appreestablish the security of people and ciating the value of such marks of kingdoms. In this way each in- benevolence. Yielding to the dedependent power, besides the obli- lusions of a heated imagination, gations which its treaties and fo- they have dared to raise the standreign relations impose, possesses ard of revolt, not only against their also institutions and relations which benefactorand legitimate sovereign, concern only itself and its internal but also against all the Mussulman people, by committing the most reign interference can only tend to horrible excesses,

sacrificing to a prolongation of the rebellion. their vengeance defenceless women The firm and constant intention of and innocent children with unex- the Sublime Porte to attend to its ampled atrocity.

principal interests which spring As each power has its own par- from its sacred law, merits their ticular penal code and political approbation and respect, while any ordinances, the tenor whereof forms foreign interference must be liable the basis for its acts of sovereignty, to blame and animadversion. Now, so the Sublime Porte, in every it is clear and evident that by adthing relating to the exercise of its hering to this principle, every sovereignty, rests exclusively upon thing might have been terminated its holy legislation, according to long since, but for the ill-founded which the rebels fall to be treated. propositions which have been adBut in inflicting necessary punish- vanced concerning the conformity ment on some with the sole view of religion, and the fatal influence of amending them, the Porte has which this state of things has, never refused to pardon those who perhaps, exercised throughout the implore its mercy, and to replace whole of Europe, and the injury them as before under the ægis of to which maritime commerce may its protection. In the same man- have been exposed. At the same ner the Sublime Porte always re- time the hopes of the malevolent solved to conform to the ordi- have been constantly encouraged nances of its sacred law, notwith- by the improper conduct of giving standing the attention devoted them assistance of every kind, to its domestic affairs, has never which at any time ought to have neglected to cultivate the relations been reproved, conformably to the of good understanding with friendly law of nations. It is besides to be powers. The Sublime Porte has observed, that the relations and always been ready to comply with treaties subsisting between the Subwhatever treaties and the duties of lime Porte and the powers in friendfriendship prescribe. Its most sin- ship with it, have been entered cere prayers are offered up for that into with the monarchs and minispeace and general tranquillity ters of these powers only; and which, with the aid of the Most considering the obligation of every High, will be re-established in the independent power to govern its same manner as the Sublime Porte subjectsitself, the Sublime Portehas has always extended its conquests, not failed to address to some friendly namely, by separating its faithful courts complaints respecting the sucsubjects from the refractory and cours afforded to the insurgents. malevolent, and by terminating the The only answer made to these existing troubles by its own re- representations has been, to give sources, without giving occasion to to machinations tending to subvert discussions with the powers who laws and treaties, the signification are its friends, or to any demands of liberty; and to interpret proon their part.

ceedings contrary to existing enAll the efforts of the Sublime gagements by the expression of Porte have but one object, which neutrality, alleging the insufficiency is the desire of the establishment of means for restraining the peoof general tranquillity, while fo- ple.

1

Setting aside the want of reci- riod of his journey to the congress procal security, which must finally of Verona, entered into explanaresult from such a state of things tions in conferences with the Ottoto the subjects of the respective man minister on the proposed mepowers, the Sublime Porte cannot diation, the Sublime Porte declared allow such transactions to pass sic in the most unequivocal mannery lently. Accordingly, the Porte has that such a proposition could not never omitted to reply to the dif- be listened to ; reiterating every ferent pretensions advanced, by ap- time that the subject was resumed, pealing to the justice and the equity the assurance that political, nations of the powers who are its friends, al, and religious, considerations, by often reiterating complaints re- rendered such refusal indispensspecting the assistance afforded to able. the insurgents, and by giving the In yielding to this reasoning, necessary answers in the course of and in admitting more than once communications with its friends. that right was on the side of the In fine, a mediation has at last Porte, the before-mentioned ambeen proposed. The fact, how- bassador on his return from Verona ever, is, that an answer restricted to Constantinople, again clearly to one single object can neither be and officially declared in several changed by the process of time, conferences, by order of his court, nor by the innovations of expres- and in the name of the other sions. The reply which the Sub- powers, that the Greek question lime Porte gave at the beginning was recognized as belonging to the will always be the same ; namely, internal affairs of the Sublime that which it has reiterated Porte ; that as such it ought to be in the face of the whole world, brought to a termination exclu-, and which is in the last result sively by the Porte itself; that no its sentiment on the position of other power was to interfere in the affairs.

sequel ; and that if ever any one Those who are informed of the were to interfere, all the others circumstances and the details of would act according to the princievents are not ignorant that at the ples of the law of nations. cominencement of the insurrection The agents of one of the great some ministers of friendly courts, powers which has recently consoliresident at the Sublime Porte, of- dated its relations of friendship fered effective assistance in pu- and good understanding with the nishing the rebels. As, however, Sublime Porte, also officially and this offer related to an affair which explicitly declared, in their concame exclusively within the resort ferences with the Ottoman agents, ; of the Sublime Porte, in pursuance that there should be no interof important considerations, both ference on this subject. That des with regard to the present and the claration having served as the ban future, the Porte confined itself to sis for the result of those con- 'I replying, that though such an offer ferences, there cannot now be any had for its object to give aid to the question respecting this affair, Ottoman government, it would which the Sublime Porte is en- , , never permit foreign interference. titled to consider as completely and What is more, when the ambassa- radically adjusted. Nevertheless, £ ) dor of a friendly power, at the per the Porte still considers itself aus

been open.

thorized here to add the following the case, as each power is paraobservations in support of its ante- mount within itself, it ought to cedent assertions :

know such of its subjects on its The measures which the Sublime own territory as manifest seditious Porte has adopted from the com- dispositions, and it ought to punish mencement, and which it still pur- them according to its own laws, sues against the Greek insurgents, and in pursuance of the duties inought not to make the war be con- herent in its own sovereignty. It sidered a war of religion. Those may be superfluous to add, that measures do not extend to all the the Sublime Porte will never inpeople in general; for they have terfere in such transactions. for their sole object to repress the Considering the points above set revolt, and to punish those subjects forth with reference to justice and of the Porte who, acting as true equity, every one must be easily chiefs of brigands, have com

convinced that there remains no mitted atrocities equally serious ground for discussion upon these and reprehensible. The Sublime affairs. However, though it is fit Porte has never refused pardon to that all ulterior interference should those who submit. The gates of cease, an offer of a mediation has clemency and mercy have always been in the last result made.

This the Sublime Now, in political language, it is Porte has proved by facts, and understood by this expression, that still proves it, by granting pro- if there arise differences or hostitection to those who return to their lities between two independent duty.

powers, a reconciliation may be The real cause of the continu- brought about by the interference ance of this revolt is to be found of a third friendly power. It is in the different propositions made to the same with respect to armistices the Sublime Porte. The injury aris- and treaties of peace, which cannot ing from the war, too, has only be concluded but between recogbeen felt by the Porte ; for it is nized powers. But the Sublime known to all the world that Eu- Porte being engaged in punishing ropean navigation has never been on its own territory, and in coninterrupted by this state of things, formity with its sacred law, such which, far from prejudicing Eu- of its turbulent subjects as have ropean merchants, has afforded revolted, how can this case ever be them considerable advantages. made applicable to its situation;

Moreover, the troubles and the and must not the Ottoman governrevolt exist only in one single ment attribute to those who adcountry of the Ottoman empire, vanced such propositions views tendand among the partisans of malevo- ing to give consequence to a troop lence; for, thanks be to God, the of brigands ? A Greek governother provinces of this vast em- ment is spoken of which is to be pire, have no way suffered, and recognized in case the Sublime with all their inhabitants enjoy Porte does not consent to some arthe most perfect repose. It is not rangement; and it has even been easy, therefore, to understand how proposed to conclude a treaty with these troubles are to be communithe rebels. Has not the Sublime cated to other European countries. Porte great reason to be struck Supposé, however, that this were with astonishment at hearing such