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plying this ratio to the case of the the principal of 1001.- fortiori emigrant settlers of 1825, at the it must be more practicable in the end of seven years they will have case of a diminished sum, where eight thousand three hundred acres there is no reason to apprehend of cleared land, the estimated an- that the amount of annual produce nual profit of which amounts to will be less ; but, on the contrary," 6,2251.; but the interest of the if emigration be conducted on an money advanced by government extended scale, the more dense the amounts to 3,035l. 9s.: conse- population in the new-settled disquently, after paying interest upon trict, the greater the probability of the money advanced by govern- the success of the emigrant. Your ment, they have a residue of committee beg to remind the House, 3,1891. The current annual profit that in placing a family of five of this land speculation at the end persons upon one hundred or fifty of seven years being 6,225l. ; if acres of land, the ratio of the pothat be divided by four hundred pulation will be one person for and fifteen (the number of indivi- every twenty or ten acres; wheredual cases), it will be seen how as in parts of Ireland, from whence each head of a family stands in re- such an emigrant population might lation to this general result. The be taken, the ratio may be esticase, then, individually, will stand mated at twenty persons for every thus :-A pauper in the south of ten acres, but certainly not less Ireland, for whose labour no de- than one person per acre. mand existed, and consequently Your committee cannot conclude whose presence in Ireland added their observations on this point of nothing to the general wealth of inquiry, without expressing their the country, but on the contrary, sense of the zeal, ability, and diswhose subsistence was a deduction cretion with which Mr. Peter Rofrom that wealth, was removed to binson effected the location of the a district in Upper Canada; he two bodies of emigrants in 1823 received from the government for and 1825, under circumstances himself, his wife, and three chil- (however inevitable) of want of dren, the sum of 100l. sterling in previous preparation, which would kind, and not in money. This be avoided in future instances, 100l. sterling has enabled him to were emigration to form part of a cultivate a proportion of one hunc national measure. dred acres of land; and at the end 6.-Board of Emigration. of seven years he will be in posses- With respect to the formation of sion of a surplus income of 15l. a Board of Emigration in London,

a per annum.

having agents in Ireland, Great Your committee beg to call the Britain, and the colonies, acting attention of the House to the fact, under its directions, your committhat this calculation is framed upon tee are prepared, under any ciran estimate of 100l. per family, cumstances, to express their entire whereas the estimate which they conviction of the expediency of now present with confidence to the forming such a board, although its House, is only an estimate of 60l. duties may be limited or extended per family. If, therefore, it be according to the decision that may demonstrable that the emigrant ultimately be taken on the subject could pay interest upon, and repay of emigration.

of fifty

Upon this subject your commit- quidation of any expenses at home, tee would refer the House, and which might be incurred by the his majesty's government, to a lete appointment of an emigration board, ter inserted after question 4,277 and of inferior agents. in the evidence, and addressed by No person above the

age Mr. Buchanan to the chairman of years should be accepted as a gothe committee. This letter fur- vernment emigrant, except under nishes much valuable information, very special circumstances. Each as well as important practical sug- head of a family should be in a gestions.

sound state of health, of good chaYour committee are decidedly racter, desirous of emigrating, and of opinion that it would be impos- in want of that effective demand sible to accomplish that uniformity for his labour by which he can obof operation which would be so ne- tain the means of independent subcessary in a system of emigration sistence. Above all, he should be on an extended scale, unless by the a person, in consequence of whose establishment of agents duly quali- removal no diminution of producfied, and whose duty it would be tion would take place, although by to act under the orders of the such removal the expense of his emigration board, and the local maintenance would be saved to the governments.

community. The proportion of a Your committee also would pro- man, woman, or three children, pose that such emigration board must be maintained, in order to should be placed under the direct give facilities for the regulation of control of an executive depart- the expense ; but if a man, his ment of the state, which would be wife, and six children, were acresponsible for the exercise of the cepted as emigrants, a man and important functions which such a woman without any child, might board would be called upon to dis- also be accepted, as preserving ihe charge.

proportion, and so on. Every head Your committee are of opinion, of a family arriving in the colony, that agents duly authorized under should have a choice, as to whether an emigration board established in he would accept the accommodation this country, should inspect, and offered to him, in the way of a loan accept or reject, under strict rules in kind. He should be distinctly and impartial regulations, to which informed, upon his arrival in the they should be subjected, and re- colony, that if a demand should exspecting which appeal should be ist for his labour among the popuallowed to the emigration board, lation there, and if he prefer enall emigrant families who may be gaging himself as a labourer to candidates for emigration, and for being located as a colonist, he should whose removal to the colonies have every facility of placing himmeans may be forthcoming from self in that capacity, so that no exgeneral or private contributions. pense on the part of the public They also propose that for every should be incurred on his account, ticket which should qualify an emi- or that of his family, after their grant family for government as- arrival, nor in that case any terms sistance when landed in a colonial of repayment be expected from port, the sum of 1l. should be paid, him, as no accommodation in kind which sum should be applied in lis had been afforded. On the other Vol. LXIX.

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of this purpose.

hand, such emigrants as are not ing a small sum of money, they able to find employment as labour- might be allowed to purchase goers, or who may prefer being lo- vernment assistance at the rate laid cated upon government lands upon down in the schedule, and only the terms involved in the queries, make themselves debtors for such would have the nature of the en- excess of assistance as might be afgagement into which they entered forded to them beyond the extent distinctly pointed out to them. of their own fund to procure. They would be furnished with a The located emigrants in each disprinted statement, explaining each trict should be placed as near to particular item of the expense in- gether as circumstances will percurred on their account, coupled mit. They should be placed, in all with any other arrangements which possible instances, on the immedimay be suggested in the colonies, ate confines of the settled country, for the more effectual furtherance with reference to the facilities of

communication by land as well as The classes of emigrants which by water, and, consequently, of your committee contemplate as markets. those which should have a prior The House will perceive, that claim to government assistance your committee proposes to limit are-1. Irish tenants who have the local contributions for emigrabeen ejected from small farms tion to the removal of the emigrant under the operation of clearing the to the sea-coast, and to the exproperty, which is now taking pense of the passage to the colonies. place as part of the national system When arrived there, if, as already in Ireland. 2. Those tenants who explained, there be no demand are upon the point of being ejected, for his labour, it is proposed that a but whose ejectment has not ac- loan should be offered to him, tually taken place. 3. A class upon the principles laid down in which perhaps can hardly be in- this report. After a very mature cluded under the name of tenant, consideration of the whole subject, the cotters, who occupy a cabin your committee have come to the with an extremely small portion of decided conclusion, that a more land, and who, unless they can ob- complicated system, involving any tain employment, have no means of other circumstances of contribution, paying their rent. And 4. Cases, would have tended to check the in England and Scotland, which measure, and to prevent the accommust be made matter of special re- plishment of a great national adference to whatever authorities vantage. In England, undoubtmay direct the course of emigra- edly, the economy to the parishes tion.

would be such as to have induced In the special case of ejected them to contribute, in many intenants from Irish properties, where stances, the whole expense; but in the emigration agent had dis- that case they would have expected tinctly approved of parties as emi- to have the same individual lien grants with respect to their gene- upon the proporty of the emigrant ral qualifications, an arrangement in the colony, which is contemmight be made, involving no great plated on the part of the governcomplexity of detail, under which, ment in every individual case'; in the case of such parties possess and, secondly, if accommodation had been afforded to the emigration felt in throwing upon an English from Ireland and Scotland upon parish the additional expense of the terms of the expense of pas- the location of the emigrant in the sage, an injustice would have been colony.

II.-FOREIGN

TREATY for the PACIFICATION of GREECE, between ENGLAND,

FRANCE, and Russia, signed at London 6th July, 1827. In the Name of the most Holy with the view of re-establishing and undivided Trinity,

peace between the contending parHis Majesty the King of the ties by means of an arrangement United Kingdom of Great Britain which is called for as much by and Ireland, his Majesty the King humanity as by the interest of the of France and Navarre, and his repose of Europe. Majesty the Emperor of all the Wherefore they have nominated Russias, penetrated with the neces- their Plenipotentiaries to discuss, sity of putting an end to the san- agree upon, and sign, the said guinary contest which, by deliver- Treaty, viz. ing up the Greek provinces and His Majesty the King of the the isles of the Archipelago to all United Kingdom of Great Britain the disorders of anarchy, produces and Ireland, the right hon. William daily fresh impediments to the viscount Dudley, &c.—His Macommerce of the European States, jesty the King of France and and gives occasion to piracies, Navarre, the prince Jules, count which not only expose the subjects de Polignac, &c.—And his Maof the High Contracting Parties jesty the Emperor of all the Rusto considerable losses, but besides sias, Christopher prince de Lieven, render necessary burthensome mea- &c.sures of protection and repression; Who, after having communihis Majesty the King of the United cated their full powers, and Kingdom of Great Britain and found the same in good and due Ireland, and his Majesty the King form, agreed upon the following of France and Navarre, having articles : besides received, on the part of the Art. I.-- The contracting Powers Greeks, a pressing request to in- will offer to the Ottoman Porte terpose their mediation with the their mediation, with the view of Ottoman Porte, and being, as bringing about a reconciliation bewell as his Majesty the Emperor tween it and the Greeks. of all the Russias, animated by the This offer of mediation shall be desire of stopping the effusion of made to this Power immediately blood, and of arresting the evils of after the ratification of the Treaty, all kinds which might arise from by means of a collective declarathe continuance of such a state of tion signed by the Plenipotenthings, have resolved to unite their tiaries of the allied Courts at Conefforts, and to regulate the opera- stantinople; and there shall be stion thereof by a formal treaty, made, at the same time, to the

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two contending parties, a demand on the bases laid down in the preof an immediate armistice between ceding articles, and to furnish them, as a preliminary condition without the least delay their reindispensable to the opening of presentatives at Constantinople any negotiation.

with all the instructions which are Art. II.-The arrangement to necessary for the execution of the be proposed to the Ottoman Porte Treaty now signed. shall rest on the following bases : Art.V.-The contracting Powers the Greeks shall hold of the Sul- will not seek in these arrangements tan, as of a superior lord ;* and in any augmentation of territory, any consequence of this superiority, exclusive influence, any commerthey shall pay to the Ottoman cial advantage for their subjects, Empire an annual tribute (relief), which the subjects of any other

, the amount of which shall be fixed, nation may not equally obtain. once for all, by a common agree

Art. VI.-The arrangements of ment. They shall be governed reconciliation and peace, which by the authorities whom they shall shall be definitively agreed upon themselves choose and nominate, between the contending parties, but in the nomination of whom shall be guaranteed by such of the the Porte shall have a determinate signing Powers as shall judge it voice.

useful or possible to contract the To bring about a complete sepa- obligation: the mode of the effects ration between the individuals of of this guarantee shall become the the two nations, and to prevent object of subsequent stipulations the collisions which are the inevit- between the high Powers. able consequence of so long a strug

Art. VII.- The present Treaty gle, the Greeks shall enter upon

shall be ratified, and the ratificapossession of the Turkish property tions shall be exchanged in two situated either on the continent, or months, or sooner if possible. in the isles of Greece, on the con

In faith whereof, the respective dition of indemnifying the former Plenipotentiaries have signed, and proprietors, either by the payment sealed it with their arms. of an annual sum, to be added to Done at London, July 6, 1827. the tribute which is to be paid to

DUDLEY, the Porte, or by some other trans

POLIGNAC, action of the same nature.

LIEVEN. Art. III.--The details of this

Additional and Secret Article. arrangement, as well as the limits of the territory on the continent, In case that the Ottoman Porte and the designation of the islands does not accept, within the space of the Archipelago, to which it of one month, the mediation which shall be applicable, shall be settled shall be proposed, the High Conin a subsequent negotiation be- tracting Parties agree upon the tween the High Powers and the following measures :two contending parties.

1. It shall be declared, by their Art. IV.–The contracting Pow- representatives at Constantinople ers engage to follow up the salutary to the Porte, that the inconveniwork of the pacification of Greece ences and evils pointed out in the

public treaty as inseparable from • Suzerain is the term used. the state of things subsisting in

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