fleet they had, but that fleet did at any Greek port, with the single nothing: many of the vessels which exception of ships of war belonging occasionally joined it to fight a to, or acting under the orders of, battle, were at other times pirates, the persons

exercising the powers or the abettors and partners of of government in Greece. This pirates. The government accepted order proceeded upon a statement, of the interposition of the allies that his majesty had in vain applied with joy, agreed to the proposed for the prevention of the outrages armistice, and recommended its which rendered the navigation of religious observance to their sub- the Levant highly perilous to the jects. But, in despite of it,spiracy Greek government — that that continued to increase to such a government, however willing, was degree, that, in the month of No- not able to repress them—and vember, the British government, that, therefore, until a government by an order in council, adopted the should be established in Greece strong measure of commanding his competent to put an end to these majesty's ships in the Mediterranean excesses, the most efficacious proto seize every vessel which they tection for commerce would be, to should meet with at sea under the prevent any armed vessels bearing Greek flag, or fitted out and armed the Greek flag fron putting to sea.

CHAP. XIII.

UNITED STATES.-Discussions in Congress on the Colonial Trade.SOUTH AMERICA-Progress of the War between BRAZIL and BUENOS AYRES-Battle of Ituzaingo-Advance of the Republican Army towards Rio Grande-Naval Operations-Preliminaries of Peace signed at Rio Janeiro-The Treaty is rejected by the Government of Buenos Ayres, and the President Rivadavia resigns-Pretensions of the Provincial Governments-Finances.-COLOMBIA-Arrival of Bolivar at Bogota, and his departure for Venezuela-He re-establishes Tranquillity in that Province-He resigns the Presidentship-Congress meets-The Vice-president, Santander, likewise, proffers his Resignation-Congress refuses to accept either- A National Convention ordered to be convoked-Revolt in the Southern Provinces-Bolivar returns to Bogota-Finances-MEXICO-Revolt of the Province of Texas-Conspiracy of Arenas-Measures directed against Spanish Inhabitants-Arrests on account of a New Conspiracy-Insurrection in the Province of Durango-Finance.-PERU-Revolution in the Government, and Election of a new President-Dismissal of the Colombian Envoy-Finances-GUATEMALA-Progress of the Civil War.

IN

N our last volume we gave an account of the discussions, which had been carried on between the British government and that of the United States, regarding the terms on which the latter should be admitted to share in the colonial trade of the former. While the United States demanded to be received in the colonies, not merely on as favourable terms as other foreign nations, but on as favourable terms as the mother country herself, they imposed discriminating duties on British ships arriving in their harbours from British colonies; and, by another class of duties, obstructed the voyages of British vessels, which, after landing cargoes from Great Britain in the United States, were bound onwards to the colonies. Upon this display of an unfair and encroach

ing spirit in the commercial policy of the United States, Great Britain withdrew from the merchantmen of that republic the privilege which, by an order in council, had been tendered to the ships of all nations-viz. that of trading to our colonies on the same terms, with regard to the shipping of those foreigners, as British ships themselves were subject to, provided that the ships of Great Britain should be equally favoured in their turn, on entering the port of the foreign state accepting the said privilege from Great Britain. The American government insisted, that the trade of foreigners with the colonies of Great Britain should be considered as an open subject, upon which any foreign government had a right to insist on negotiating with

the parent state. The British pretensions which America had minister, with a more strict ad- set up to the colonial trade. It herence to the known principles of was necessary, said the committee colonial and commercial policy, de- of the senate, that the interdict clared the resolution of Great should be universal in its prohibia Britain to reserve to herself the tion against all persons, and in indisputable right of admitting its application to all the colonies. foreigners to traffic with their The British order in council, incolonies, on whatever condition deed, excluding the United States she might herself think proper to from the colonies, had left open ordain. His majesty, therefore, by to them those of the British North an order in council, excluded the American possessions ; but that exUnited States from the list of ception was intended only to serve those foreign countries whose the partial interests of Great Britain, merchantmen should be admitted by drawing from the United States to the ports of British colonies to the harbours of Canada or Nova being the only foreigners who had Scotia, the provisions required in the abused the privilege by an unfair West Indies, and thus still supplytreatment of British ships in ing them to the islands in her own return.

shipping. But if these ports were The American executive, em- closed, as well as those of the barrassed by the weakness of their colonies which would otherwise be cause, or anxious, from the im- supplied through them, then, as portance of the case, to remove the colonies could not subsist withthe responsibility from themselves, out these articles, the American laid the whole papers connected trade would be concentrated in withthenegotiation before Congress, some of the ports adjacent to the for its consideration and decision. colonies, and would be carried on In consequence of the report of a in American vessels ; for, it was committee to which they had been taken for granted, Britain would referred, a bill was introduced into never attempt to intercept the trade Congress, the effect of which was, between these intermediate ports from and after the 30th September, and the colonies. By permitting 1827, to close the harbours of the the productions of the United United States not only against States to reach the colonies either British Ships proceeding from directly in foreign vessels, or cirBritish colonies, but against those cuitously through the British ports of all other nations bound from of North America, the United the colonies to the republic. It States would lose the carrying was in fact a non-intercourse act, trade, and gain nothing in return; excluding all the British posses- by closing their harbours against sions in the western hemisphere, all vessels, whether British or the settlements on the coast of foreign, coming from the British Africa, the Mauritius, Ceylon, colonies, their productions carried New Holland, and Van Diemen's in their own vessels, would find a land, from all commercial commu- ready market, their interdict would nication with the United States, be felt, and the only operation of unless, on or before the 30th the British prohibition would be, September, the British govern- to add to the pressure under which ment should admit the extravagant the colonies were already sinking.

a