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line. Within the number are connected all the mysteries of the Apocalypse revealed to the 7 churches of Asia; there appeared 7 golden candlesticks, and 7 stars, in the hand of him that was in the midst, 7 lamps being the 7 spirits of God, the book with 7 seals, the lambs with 7 horns and 7 eyes, angels with 7 seals, 7 kings, 7 thunders, 7 thousand men slain, the dragon with 7 heads and 7 crowns, the beast with 7 heads, 7 angels bringing 7 plagues and phials of wrath. There are also numbered 7 Heavens, 7 planets, 7 stars, 7 wise men, 7 champions of Christendom, 7 notes of music, 7 primary colors. Perfection is likened to gold 7 times purified in the fire. Anciently a child was not named before 7 days, not being accounted fully to have life before that periodical day; the teeth spring out in the 7th month, and are shed (renewed) in the 7th year, when infancy is changed into childhood. At thrice 7 years the faculties are developed, manhood commences, man becomes legally competent to all civil acts; at four times 7 a man is in full possession of his strength, at five times 7 he is fit for the business of the world, at six times 7 he becomes grave and wise, or never, at seven times 7 he is in his apogee, and from that day decays, at eight times 7 he is in his first climacteric or year of danger, and ten times 7, or three score years and ten, has by the royal prophet been pronounced the natural period of human life; and the 7th thousand year is believed by man to be the Sabbatical_thousand or Millenium; and on the 7th day God rested from his labors, after creating the Heavens and the earth.

was sent out, and again in 7 days after. The 7
years of plenty and the 7 years of famine were
even foretold in Pharaoh's dream by the 7 fat and
the 7 lean beasts, and the 7 ears of full and the 7
ears of blasted corn. Miriam was shut up 7 days
to be cleansed of her leprosy, the young animals
were to remain with the dam 7 days, and at the
close of the 7th to be taken away. By the old
law, man was commanded to forgive his offending
brother 7 times; but the meekness of the last re-
vealed religion extended his humility and forbear-
ance to 70 times 7. "If Cain shall be revenged
sevenfold, truly Lamech, 70 times 7." In the
destruction of Jericho, 7 priests bore 7 trumpets
7 days. On the 7th they surrounded the walls 7
times, and after the 7th time the walls fell.
Balaam prepared 7 bullocks and 7 rams for a
sacrifice; 7 of Saul's sons were hanged to stay a
famine. Laban pursued Jacob 7 days' journey.
Job's friends sat with him 7 days and 7 nights,
and offered. 7 bullocks and 7 rams as an atone-
ment for their wickedness. David, in bringing
up the ark, offered 7 bullocks and 7 rams; Elijah
sent his servant 7 times to look for the cloud;
the ark of God remained with the Philistines 7
months. Saul was ordered by Samuel to tarry at
Gilgal 7 days, the elders of Jabesh requested
Nahash the Ammonite 7 days' respite. Jesse
made 7 of his sons to pass before Samuel; the men
of Jabesh Gilead fasted 7 days for Saul; the Shu-
namite's son, raised to life by Elijah, sneezed 7
times; Hezekiah, in cleansing the temple, offered
7 bullocks and 7 rams and 7 he-goats for a sin-
offering; the children of Isaac, when Hezekiah-Puss.
took away the strange altars, kept the feast of
unleavened bread 7 days. King Ahasuerus had 7
chambermaids, 7 days' feast; sent for the queen on
the 7th day. Queen Esther had 7 maids to attend
her; in the 7th year of his reign, Esther is taken
to him. Solomon was 7 years building the
temple, at the dedication of which he feasted
7 days. In the tabernacle were 7 lamps; 7 days
were appointed for an atonement upon the altar;
and the priest's son was ordained to wear his
father's garments 7 days. The children of Israel
ate unleavened bread 7 days. Abraham gave 7
ewe lambs to Abimelech, as a memorial for a well.
Joseph mourned 7 days for Jacob. The Rabbins
say God employed the power of answering this
number to perfect the greatness of Samuel, his
name answering the letters in the Hebrew word
which signify 7, whence Hannah, his mother, in
her thanks says,
"that the barren had brought
forth 7." Solomon mentions 7 things that God
hates, and that the sluggard is wiser in his own
conceit than 7 men can render a reason. The
house of wisdom in Proverbs had 7 pillars. The
vision of Daniel was 70 weeks. The fiery furnace
was made 7 times hotter for Shadrach, Meshech,
and Abednego. Nebuchadnezzar ate the grass of
the fields 7 years; the elders of Israel were 70; the
blood was to be sprinkled before the altar 7 times.
Naaman was to be dipped 7 times in Jordan;
Apuleius speaks of dipping the head 7 times in
the sea for purification. In all solemn rites of
purgation, dedication, and consecration, the oil or
water was 7 times sprinkled; out of Mary Mag-
dalen were cast 7 devils; the Apostles chose 7
deacons; Enoch, who was translated, was the 7th
after Adam, and Jesus Christ the 77th in a direct

Sense of Smell.—I send you some interesting particulars, my dear Sir, copied from "Bestick's Annals of Chemistry," having reference to the theory of odors.-So much, he says, has been written on our five physical faculties-sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smelling-that it has occupied a large portion of the various published works from the time when printing was first invented. The three senses first-named have fairly been written out; but not much has yet appeared relating, directly or indirectly, to the others. Mr. Piesse now gives us a theory of the olfactory nerve in distinguishing perfumes. Scents appear to influence the smelling nerve in certain definite degrees. There is, as it were, an octave of odors, like an octave in music. Certain odors blend in unison with the notes of an instrument. For instance, almond, heliotrope, vanilla, and orange-blossom, blend together; each producing different degrees of a nearly similar impression. Again we have citron, lemon, verbena, and orangepeel, forming a higher octave of smells, which blend in a similar manner. The figure is completed by what are called semi-odors, such as rose and rose-geranium for the half-note; pettygrain the note; neroly, a black key, or half-note; followed by the fleur d'orange, a full note. Then we have patchouly, sandal-wood, and vitivert, with many others running into each other. From the perfumes already known, we may produce, by uniting them in proper proportions, the smell of almost any flower. When perfumes are mixed which strike the same key of the olfactory nerve, no idea of a different scent is produced, for the scent dies off from the handkerchief; but when

they are not mixed upon this principle, then we hear that such and such a perfume becomes "sickly," or "faint," after it has been in use a short time. The above facts are well worthy a place in OUR OWN.-PINK, Hastings.

[We had begun to wonder in what part of the world our amiable Correspondent, PINK, was now located. We are glad to hear of her return to England, and thank her much for the" sweet" letter sent with the above. We hope to have many of her highly-prized communications. Her last, we remember, was a bijou; and had reference to a "hearty, honest shake of the hand."]

The Duke of Wellington.-Flag-Ship of Sir
Charles Napier, commander-in-chief of the Baltic
Fleet, May, 1854:-

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tried for “murder,”—and very right too, say we. But now let us copy the case as reported in the papers; and allow the public to say what they think of the horrible fact. They will not fail to notice the extreme dread of taking chloroform, long previously shown by the unhappy woman. This alone ought to have caused her life to be spared:-"Death from Chloroform.-Mr. Bedford has just held an inquest in St. George's Hospital, on Eliza Harvey, a single woman, aged 37, who died while under the effects of chloroform administered prior to an operation. Deceased, who was very respectably connected, was admitted to the hospital, suffering from a tumor in the breast, which it was proposed to remove. Being of a very nervous disposition, and of a weak constitution, she was allowed to remain in the institution for upwards of a fortnight before the operation took place. During that period Dr. Hawkins, senior surgeon, and the other medical gentlemen of the institution, held a consultation as to whether the patient was a fit subject for chloroform, and they were all unanimously of opinion that she was.(!) Accordingly, two weeks having elapsed since her admission, she had so far recovered her strength as to be fitted, in the opinion of the medical attendants, for the operation. Having been taken into the theatre, where Dr. Hawkins was in readiness to perform the operation, the chloroform was applied by Mr. Patten, assistant apothecary, who, before applying the apparatus, observed that ....... 11 miles per hour she was very nervous; which led him to endeavor to calm her by telling her not to be frightened. The apparatus had not been attached more than a minute and a half, when the patient was observed to faint and become suddenly pulseless. It was immediately withdrawn, and endeavors made to recover her; but in vain. She had ceased to breathe. It was stated by Dr. Hawkins, that the apparatus had not been applied more than a minute and a-half; the usual time being five minutes. The post mortem examination showed no appearance of disease in any portion of the body; and Dr. Hawkins gave it as his opinion that death resulted from the combined effects of the chloroform and fright. Mr. Lipscomb, deceased's brother-in-law, said deceased always expressed a dread at taking chloroform. The jury returned a verdict in accordance with Dr. Hawkins' evidence, and exonerated all parties from blame in the affair."-Every one of these Another Death from taking Chloroform!!—jurymen ought to have been soundly flogged at We have reported in a former page (see p. 302) a very interesting case, connected with Mesmerism. We allude to the successful removal of a tumor from the breast of a female; who, whilst under the operation, felt no pain, but slept in a state of calm natural repose. We refer to this, with considerable pleasure. In strong contrast, comes a proposed operation at St.George's Hospital on another female patient. To her chloroform was administered; and she died (as many others have done) before the operation! A more disgraceful affair to all concerned in it never met the public eye; and yet, the parties being "medical men," were (of course) "exonerated," say the reports, "from all blame in the affair." Monstrous indeed! We wonder what murder is,-properly so called. Had the Mesmerists so committed themselves, they might and most likely would have been

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This splendid vessel was built at Pembroke, from the designs of R. Abethell, Esq., master shipwright. She was originally constructed to carry 120 guns, was cut in two amidships, lengthened 23 feet, to fit her for the screw-propeller, and launched on the 14th of September 1852. The above dimensions are from authority.-C. F. T. Y.

a cart's tail; and we only wish we had held the instrument of punishment. Every lash should have "told." Are we really living in the 19th century ?-W. K.

Wasps.-One of the species of mason-wasps, as they are termed by entomologists, once carried off a small caterpillar and deposited it in a hole in the wall adjoining, where we found it had constructed a nest of mud and sand of the size of a small walnut. On breaking through the outer crust, we found several other caterpillars of a similar kind, which had been previously stored up as food for its future young; according to the wellknown habits of this genus of insects. tially destroyed the nest while examining it; but, to our surprise, on our return to the spot a few hours afterwards, we found it completely restored

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to its original state. We destroyed it again, and it was again rebuilt. On pulling it to pieces a third time, the insect flew out, and shortly afterwards returned, accompanied by another of the same species (supposed to be of the other sex), whom, as it were, it had gone to fetch, in orderto assist in the rescue, for they together seized up the caterpillars with their jaws and feet, and bearing them off as well as they could, flew out of sight, never again to revisit the ill-fated spot. With these caterpillars, no doubt, their eggs would have been deposited. The whole proceeding is strongly indicative of the affection and assiduity with which these insects will labor on behalf of their young.-L. JENYNS.

a lesson that he may never live to remember! The blood of the innocent, cries from the ground for retribution!-W. K.

The Brain in Connection with Intellectual Labor.-One of the worst results of overworking the brain, in any exclusive direction, is, that it tends, when it does not absolutely break down that organ, to produce mental deformity. As the nursery-maid, who carries her burden with the right arm, exclusively, is afflicted with spinal curvature, so the thinking man, who gives his intellectual energies to one subject or class of subjects, gets a twist in his brain. Those, therefore, who are chained to mental labor, and cannot give the brain repose, should try to vary their labors, which is another form of repose. Intense and prolonged application to one subject is the root of all the mischief. As your body may be in activity during the whole of the day, if you vary the actions sufficiently; so may the brain work all day at varied occupations. Hold out a stick at arm's length for five minutes, and the muscles will be more fatigued than by an hour's rowing: the same principle holds good with the brain.— FRANK.

Infidelity.-Sir Isaac Newton set out in life a clamorous infidel; but, on a nice examination of the evidences of Christianity, he found reason to change his opinion. When the celebrated Dr. Edmund Halley was talking infidelity before him, Sir Isaac Newton addressed him in these, or the like words "Dr. Halley, I am always glad to hear you when you speak about astronomy, or other parts of the mathematics, because that is a subject you have studied, and well understand. But you should not talk of Christianity, for you More Fun!-A Comic Duet.-I find the have not studied it. I have, and am certain that following anonymous, racy fragment, in my weekly you know nothing of the matter." This was a newspaper; and I send it to you, my dear Sir, just reproof, and one that would be very suitable for registration in OUR OWN, as being of its kind to be given to half the infidels of the present day."droll exceedingly." You are an avowed advocate -LILY OF THe Valley.

Launch of the Royal Albert.-This screw lineof-battle ship, of 131 guns, was safely launched, from Woolwich dockyard, on Saturday, the 13th ult., in the presence of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, the Royal Family, the Court, the Foreign Ministers, the members of the Legislature, the naval and military authorities, and an assemblage, ashore and afloat, of not fewer than 60,000 spectators. Her dear little Majesty (God bless her!! performed the ceremony of breaking the bottle on her bows; but not without some little difficulty, arising from the imperfect information which had been given her respecting the nature of the arrangement. The noble ship remained, for more than ten minutes, immovable after the shores had been knocked away; and when at length she began to "draw," her progress was so slow that she occupied 40 seconds in moving over the first inch. Once started however, the pace rapidly increased; and in another minute the colossal fabric glided steadily down the slip into the river, amid the thundering cheers of the spectators, among whom there were few whose hearts did not involuntarily echo the benediction of the Queen, who, in naming her, said with emphasis, "God bless the Royal Albert!" The proportions, armament, and propelling power of the ship, place her on an equality with the Duke of Wellington. She is nearly 4,000 tons burden, 272 feet in length, 61 feet broad, and 66 feet deep, and will be propelled with engines of 500 horse power. She will carry 131 guns, with a 68 pounder on the forecastle, weighing 5 tons, and capable of throwing round shot a distance of three miles. May she "astonish" the foe against whom her powers are directed; and teach the miscreant of the North (who impiously talks of being God's minister upon earth)

for laughing. Whoever reads this must laugh; and, let us hope, "grow fat!" I, too, love laughing,-oh, how much!

He struggled to kiss her. She struggled the same
To prevent him, so bold and undaunted;
But, as smitten by lightning, he heard her exclaim,
Avaunt, sir !" and off he avaunted.

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But when he returned, with the fiendishest laugh, And threatened by main force to carry her offShowing clearly that he was affronted,

She cried "Dont!" and the poor fellow donted. When he meekly approached, and got down at her feet,

Praying loud, as before he had ranted, That she would forgive him, and try to be sweet, And said, "Can't you?" the dear girl re-canted. Then softly he whispered, "How could you do so? Bnt come now with me-to the parson we'll go; I certainly thought I was jilted; Say, wilt thou, my dear?" and she wilted. Then gaily he took her to see her new home, A shanty by no means enchanted; "See! here we can live with no longing to roam!" He said, "Sha'n't we, my dear?" So they shanted! -LUCY N., Tottenham.

The Delights arising from Benevolence.-If, says Bacon, there be a pleasure on earth which good angels cannot enjoy and which they might almost envy man the possession of, it is the power of relieving distress. If there be a pain which evil angels might pity man for enduring, it is the deathbed reflection that we have possessed the power of doing good, but that we have abused and perverted it to purposes of ill.-MIMOSA.

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We had the great misfortune-alas, that we should be compelled to use such a phrase! -to be born with an affectionate disposition. It has accompanied us through life; and we imagine it will die with us, and not before

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by pure feeling. It glows with the sweetest speaking expressiveness, and tells us at once all its sympathies. How thoroughly do we understand this language, and cherish it! "But," it may be said, "these are not common ideas." True. That is why we uphold them. We are an "exclusive," properly so called. The gross pleasures of the multitude, and the gratification of their purely animal passions by society at large (just now particularly), concern us not. We leave people to consult their own feelings, and to do as they will. We claim for ourself and associates the same privilege. The Summer is here; and, D.V., we mean to "enjoy" it, both naturally and rationally.

The "odd" materials of which our world is composed, amuse us vastly. Observation convinces us, daily, of the madness of the inhabitants. We find fire and water "legally" linked together; also spring and autumn; quietness and noise; virtue and vice; innocence and guilt; purity of heart and rabid jealousy; good-nature and ill-nature; kindrality; gentleness and roughness; affection ness and unkindness; morality and immoand cold reserve; education and stolid ignorance,-the latter, accompanied (of course) by the foulest suspicion of" ill where no ill hatred-and so on, to the end of a very long seems;" charity and covetousness; love and and easily-imagined chapter.

Hence do we naturally look for a corresponding return from our fellow-creatures. Do we find it? Surely not. Let us, howNow what can be expected from such ever, frankly own that it is cradled in the elements, but discord? There is war incesrecesses of some few hearts; and that we sant going on in the human breast. Every possess the talisman or key to its discovery. day makes the battle rage more and more Deeply buried it may be, and is; but sym- fiercely; as those who mix much in society pathy is so powerful, that it cannot long must perceive, in spite of the finesse and resist its influence. Only let two people," light heart" by which people (vainly) seek naturally warm-hearted, be fairly brought to hide the demon lurking within their breast. into contact; our word for it, there will All, all proceeds from a want of sympathy. be a most perfect mental understanding thenceforward between them. Separated they may be, but distance diminishes not the attraction. On the contrary, the knot is more sweetly entangled than ever; and never needs to be unravelled.

The union of souls is no sentiment for the vulgar. We hint at it, because we know OUR readers can comprehend it; and we encourage it, because we are a living proof of the pure delight it entails on those who are in the happy secret. We have harped much, lately, upon innocence; and maintained that it does exist in the human heart. What we are now speaking of, is a further corroboration of the same sentiment. How nicely chimes in here, that stanza of Byron :

There's nought in this world like sympathy; "Tis so "becoming" to the soul and face! Sets to soft music the harmonious sigh, And robes sweet friendship in a Brussels lace. The word "becoming" aptly describes the irradiation of the countenance when animated

VOL. V.-21.

Well, who is to blame for these moral deformities? Who is it that teaches deception from the cradle upwards; and makes the child, from its very infancy, expert and adept in hypocrisy and heartlessness? Let every honest parent answer the question we so simply raise. There can be but "one" reply. The world ever has been thus peopled; ever will be so; but we labor for the sweet reward of converts from the barbarous usages of society. Let the rule continue— it must; but let us claim the "exceptions." There are latent sparks of tenderness— kindness- virtue-sympathy-in many a thoughtless breast. How we long for opportunity" to draw them out!

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There is much,-very much, that we must leave unsaid. There are causes for the evils we so much deplore, far worse than any we have yet hinted at. The pulpit, and superstition, are "interested" in these things being so. Our teachers and "ghostly advisers" are little better than" whited walls." They

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look one way (as doth the boatman), and row another. Loaves and fishes are in the ascendant; people's minds are hood-winked; bigotry and intolerance have it all their own way; the gentle pastor gulls his victims by the thousand; and the holy name of " Religion" is prostituted to the basest of ends. England is on the wane.

The God we worship looks down upon all this, from His throne in Heaven. His forbearance is great; but HIS JUSTICE, though slow, will be vindicated by and by. Let those who wear the mask, and live upon the souls of their fellow-men, be timely warned. Then will our pen not have been taken up in vain. Our words have been few. May they come home to the hearts of all offenders against Nature's sweet laws!

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With bright sparkling dewdrops that gladden'd the glade;

And her voice with the spirit of faith seem'd to tell

Where the music of waters deliciously fell!

In the grove, while the birds sang her praise from the trees,

And the richest of perfumes were borne on the breeze,

She held her first levee; the light Zephyrs play'd On her beautiful cheek as she entered the glade. And now Nature revell'd with Summer's fair flowers,

Or sought an umbrageous retreat in her bowers; Whilst the gay bee proclaim'd in its calm, ceaseless hum,

Rejoice, for the bright days of Summer are come

!

NOTES ON PHOTOGRAPHY. (Continued from Page 293.)

NO. IV. THE DRY WAXED-PAPER PROCESS.

line of the Dry Waxed-Paper Process,-one I HAVE NOW, my dear Sir, to give an outthat, from the simplicity of the out-of-door when better known, supersede every other operations required, will, I am convinced. method for taking landscapes; particularly in situations where darkness cannot easily be obtained. A picture obtained in this way, serves (like those from the Collodion process) others,- on paper waxed or unwaxed, or en as the basis from which to print numberless glass. doubtless, more tedious than those of the The preliminary operations are, Collodion process; but they are compensated for (in my opinion) by the facilities I have already mentioned. But I hope your readers will give it a trial, and thus be able to judge for themselves.

TO PREPARE THE WAXED PAPER.-Of all papers sold, I prefer that manufactured specially for the purpose by Canson, Frères. It combines thinness, firmness, and evenness of texture, and may be procured at any photographic establishment, under the name of the Canson Frères' negative paper. Cut each Isheet into convenient pieces, say six. Take some blotting paper, and on it lay a single piece. Over this, pass quickly a very clean and moderately-heated smoothing iron. Get ready a cake of white purified wax, and before the has cooled, rub it over from side to paper side. The paper will quickly absorb the melted wax, although in places there will be much more than enough. If another sheet be now laid over the first, and ironed, it will absorb the extra wax from the first sheet.

If not completely saturated, this second sheet must be again ironed, and rubbed with wax as before.

Then, for the excess on the second sheet, apply a third; and so on till you have waxed all you require; making, in this way, each sheet in succession absorb the extra wax

from the previous one. You will thus prevent any waste, and the operation, after a few trials, will become extremely easy. After waxing, each sheet should appear of a dim semi-transparent uniform color. Should there be clear spots here and there, they are caused by excess of wax, and must be removed by (if necessary) repeated applications of paper where to be met with for sale; and perhaps and the smoothing iron. This paper is everyexperimenters should buy at first, in order that they may not be encumbered with too many operations.

TO SENSITIZE THE WAXED PAPER.-To increase the sensitiveness of the paper, it is advisable to use some organic matter, as

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