Sæpe reges dubiam Cressa corona them.' The phrase occurs again in

ratem..

Carm. S. 41.

Pugnæ ferebaris ; sed idem

Pacis eras mediusque belli.
Te vidit insons Cerberus aureo
Cornu decorum, leniter atterens
Caudam, et recedentis trilingui
Ore pedes tetigitque crura.

CARMEN XX.

AD MECENATEM.

NON usitata nec tenui ferar
Penna biformis per liquidum æthera
Vates: neque in terris morabor
Longius invidiaque major

Urbes relinquam. Non ego pauperum
Sanguis parentum, non ego, quem vocas,
Dilecte Mæcenas, obibo,

Nec Stygia cohibebor unda.

Jam jam residunt cruribus asperæ
Pelles; et album mutor in alitem
Superne: nascunturque leves
Per digitos humerosque plumæ.

30. cornu. Tavрокéρwv еeóv, Eur. Bacch. 100., and in v. 1017.

ταῦρος, δράκων, λέων, are all forms of Bacchus; probably (in their origin) as astronomical signs; his worship being constantly identified with that of the Sun. So in the Orphica : Ηλιος ὃν Διόνυσον ἐπίκλησιν και λέονται :

to which Thirlwall, Hist. Greece, ch. 53., adds, in a note, that "in the Indian mythology the sun has the name of Suradevas, or the Wine-God." So Herodotus (ii. 42. 144.) makes Osiris, the God of the Nile and the Sun, the same with Dionysus.

ODE XX.

2. biformis. Metamorphosed into a swan, ver. 10. So Pindar (Carm. IV. ii. 25.) is Dircæus cycnus; cp. Eurip. Fragm. Inc. 102.

4. invidiâ major. Above, Carm. II. xvi. 40. Compare Callimachus, Ep. 22., of himself:

ὁ δ ̓ ἤεισεν κρείσσονα βασκανίης. 5. non ego. obibo. Cp. Ov.

Am. I. xv. 41.

...

6. quem vocas, whom you call for,' i. e. whose society you desire. Nearly as Carm. II. xviii. 10.: me petit.

Jam Dædaleo ocior Icaro
Visam gementis litora Bospori,
Syrtesque Gætulas canorus

Ales Hyperboreosque campos.

Me Colchus, et qui dissimulat metum
Marsæ cohortis Dacus, et ultimi
Noscent Geloni; me peritus

Discet Iber, Rhodanique potor.
Absint inani funere neniæ,
Luctusque turpes et querimoniæ:
Compesce clamorem, ac sepulcri
Mitte supervacuos honores.

in the Ars. P. 4.; used with e
short in Lucret. vi. 544. and 597.:
Tecta superně timent, metuunt in-
ferně. Orelli (on Epod. xvi. 65.)
ascribes to Horace a frequent and
admiring imitation of Lucretius.

Superna (acc. n. pl.) is the reading of Bentley, and accepted by most editors. The correction is elegant and plausibly supported, but wants MS. confirmation.

13. Dædaleo. From the double Greek form daidáλeos and daidáλelos, the quantity of the penult e is common. For the hiatus comp. Carm. I. xxviii. 24., Epod. xiii. 3., and see the numerous examples collected by Orelli.

Icaro. Ov. Art. Am. ii. 21-96. 14. Bospori. Mentioned before as dangerous, Carm. 11. xiii. 14.; and Syrtes, Carm. II. vi. 3.

15

20

18. Marsi, the "bravest of the brave." Carm. III. v. 9.

Of

19. peritus. During the last century of the republic a love of literature was fostered in Spain. Sertorius did much to encourage it. In Epist. I. xx. 13., Ilerda is mentioned as a seat of learning. Latin authors Quintilian probably, Martial certainly, was a Spaniard. 21. Nemo me lacrimis decoret nec funera fletu faxit. lito vivu' per ora virûm: Ennius, Cic. Tusc. i. 15.; cp. Milton's Lycidas, 165-6.

6

Cur? vo

inani, empty,' needless, where there is no corpse. Compare tumulus inanis, used of a memorial tomb, Virg. Æn. iii. 304.; Kevòs Tápos, of a pretended tomb, Eurip. Hel. 1057.

Q. HORATII FLACCI CARMINUM

LIBER TERTIUS.

CARMEN I.

ODI profanum vulgus et arceo;
Favete linguis: carmina non prius
Audita Musarum sacerdos
Virginibus puerisque canto.

Regum timendorum in proprios greges,
Reges in ipsos imperium est Jovis,
Clari Giganteo triumpho,
Cuncta supercilio moventis.

ODE I.

An ode in exposure of men's vain ambition, and in praise of content. 1. Odi profanum.

ἑκάς ἑκάς ὅστις ἀλιτρός,

Call. in Apol. 2. procul, o procul este, profani, Virg. Æn. vi. 258.

were formulæ used by the celebrants in ancient solemnities to prevent ill-omened interruption.

Horace as the Musarum sacerdos imitates their style, and claims attention to his non prius audita, i. e. the truths in which (unrecognised generally) he will initiate his hearers.

2. favete linguis, 'use only good words,' or 'keep silence.' Cp. below, Carm. III. xiv. 12., and Ov. Fast. i.

5

With nuo, nutus, is connected numen, the Divine will, power,

Est ut viro vir latius ordinet
Arbusta sulcis, hic generosior
Descendat in Campum petitor,

Moribus hic meliorque fama
Contendat, illi turba clientium
Sit major: æqua lege Necessitas
Sortitur insignes et imos ;

Omne capax movet urna nomen.

Destrictus ensis cui super impia

Cervice pendet, non Siculæ dapes
Dulcem elaborabunt saporem,

Non avium citharæque cantus
Somnum reducent. Somnus agrestium
Lenis virorum non humiles domos
Fastidit, umbrosamque ripam,
Non Zephyris agitata Tempe.

Desiderantem quod satis est neque
Tumultuosum sollicitat mare,

Nec sævus Arcturi cadentis
Impetus, aut orientis Hædi:

9. Est ut, "usu venit, ut," Orelli. | truth. Cp. Pers. iii. 40. (of the 'It is the case, it is ordained that men should vary in wealth and condition... but (æquâ lege sq.) in the event all are equal, all "await alike th' inevitable hour."

terrors of a guilty secret).
22. lenis. Shakespeare's epith.:
"Sleep, gentle sleep."
Henry IV. Pt. 2. a. iii. sc. 1.
Obs. the order of words:

latius ordinet. There is a kin-Sleep, gentle that it is, disdains dred mode of expressing greater not.. wealth in Epod. i. 25. arbusta, here 'vineyards.'

10. generosior, of nobler birth.' 11. descendat. i. e. aim at public honours. The elections (comitia) were held in the Campus Martius.

16. urna. See on Carm. II. iii.

23. Cp. Virg. Georg. ii. 470.:
at frigida Tempe

...

mollesque sub arbore somni Non absunt.

25. desiderantem. i. e. the contented man.

26. Cp. Shakesp. Merchant of Venice (in the opening scene): "Your mind is tossing on the ocean," sqq.

27. Arcturus, or Arctophylax,

that he is an example of a general | the Bear-ward,' sets Oct. 29th.