Birds, recent extermination of some
species of, 150.

bones of in Gibraltar breccia, 223.
rarity of their remains, in new
strata, 246.
Bisons, immense herds of, in the Mis-
sissippi valley, 93.

Bize, human remains found mixed with
extinct mammalia in a cave at, 224.
Black cattle, their rapid multiplication
in South America, 152.

Black Sea, marine tertiary strata found
near the, 307.

Blavier, M., on the peat at the mouth
of the Loire, 211.

Bloomfield, bursting of a peat moss
near, 218.

Blown sand, imbedding of organic re-
mains, &c. in, 234.

Boa constrictor, account of one con-
veyed to St. Vincent's on drift-wood,
104.

Boates, Dr., on Irish peat-bogs, 211.
Boblaye, M., on the formation termed
céramique, in the Morea, 233.
Bog iron ore, whence derived, 214.
Bonaparte, C., on the birds common to

Rome and Philadelphia, 101.
Bonelli, Professor, on the migrations of
the painted lady butterfly, 113.
Bonpland, on the plants common to the
old and new world, 69.
Bordeaux, timber destroyed by a beetle
introduced by commerce at, 122.
Borneo, the orang-outang taught to
ascend trees by the inhabitants of, 47.
Boston, a narwal found buried in mud
on the beach near, 278.
Botanical geography, 67.
Botanical provinces, their number, 71.
how caused, 125.

why not more blended together, 127.
Bothnia, gulf of, its extent formerly
much greater, 307.

Boyne, a large whale stranded at, 278.
Brand, Rev. J. F., on the birth-place of
man, 117.

British vessels, average number wrecked
annually, 254, 257.

durable nature of many of their
contents, 256, 257.
British coasts, cetacea frequently strand-
ed on the, 278.

Brittany, a village in, buried under
blown sand, 235.

marine tertiary strata of, 305.
Brocchi, his remarks on the extinction
of species, 128.

Broderip, Mr., on the agency of Ian-
thina fragilis, in disseminating other
species, 108.

Broderip, Mr., some large bulimi re-
stored to life after twenty months'
abstinence, by, 109.

Bromberg, a vessel and two anchors dug
up near, 260.

Brongniart, M., his discovery of recent
shells at considerable heights in
Sweden, 306.

Brown, Mr., on the plants common to
Africa, Guiana, and Brazil, 76.

on the vegetation of New Holland,

178.
Buckland, Dr., on animal remains in
caves, 219.

on the remains of recent quadru-
peds in fissures, 220.

on stalagmite of caves, 222.
on human remains in caves, 223.
on the organic remains in the cave
of Paviland, 223.

Buffaloes destroyed in great numbers
by a river flood in Java, 250.
Buffon, on the want of specific identity
in the animals of the Old and New
World, 66.

on the geographical distribution of
animals, 87.

on the check which the increase of
one animal offers to that of another,
154.

his remarks on the gradual ex-
tinction of species, 176.
Buildings submerged without being

thrown down, examples of, 266, 269.
Bura and Helice, submerged Grecian
towns, 269.

Burckhardt, buried temple of Ipsam-
bul, discovered by, 234.

his account of the carcasses of
camels in the Libyan sands, 235.
Burnes, Lieut. A., his account of the
effects of the earthquake of Cutch,
1819, 266.

Burnt island, whale cast ashore near, 278.
Burrampooter, bodies of men, deer, &c.,
conveyed to the sea by the floods of
the, 250.

Burringdon, human remains found in a
cave at, 223.

Burrowing shells secure from the ordi-
nary action of the waves, 280.
Bustards recently extirpated in Eng-
land, 150.

Bywell, bodies washed out of the
churchyard of, by floods, 254.

Cabbages, examples of deviation from
a common type shown in different
races of, 33.

Cachalots, a herd of stranded at Kair-
ston, in Orkney, 278.

Cook, Captain, on the diffusion of nut-
meg seeds by pigeons, 80.

on the drifting of canoes to great
distances, 119.

Cook, Captain S. E., examined Brittany
with the author, 306.*

Coral, rate of the growth of, in the
Pacific, 287.

its growth probably varies accord-
ing to the sites of mineral springs,287.
found between two lava currents
in the West Indies, 294.
Coral animals, their action compared to
plants which generate peat, 283.

MM. Quoy and Guimard on the
depth at which they live, 286.
Coral islands, formation of, 284.

linear direction of, see wood-cut
No. 4, 286.

origin of the form of, 288.
two sections explaining their form,
see diagrams Nos. 6 and 7, 290.

many probably the crests of sub-
marine volcanos, 290.

- their windward side higher and
more perfect than the other, 293.
Coral reefs, formation of, 283.

great beds of oysters, &c., found
on, in the Pacific, 283.

genera of zoophytes by which they
are constructed, 284.

their extent, 285, 295, 298.
linear direction of, 286.

rapidity of the growth of, 287.
the most extensive formation now

in progress, 298.

Cornwall, ruins of buildings found in
the drift-sand of, 235.

Corse, Mr., on the habits, &c. of the ele-
phant, 46.

Cowslip, Linnæus on the varieties of
the, 34.

Crantz, on the drift-wood of the North
Sea, 244.

Creation, supposed centres, or foci, of
126.

Crocodile taken in the Rhone, 104.
Crocodiles imbedded by a river inunda-
tion in Java, 246.
Currents, distribution of drift-timber
by, 245.

Curtis, Mr., on the ravages caused by
aphides, 136.

Curtis, Mr. John, on the power of the
tipula to cross the sea, 116.
on insects in marl, 245.

Cutch, effects of the earthquake of, in
1819, 265.

Cuvier on the variability in the same
species, 25.

on the varieties of the dog, 27.
on identity of Egyptian mummies
with living species, 30.

on the migrations of the Spring-
bok, 95.

on the extinction of the Dodo, 151.

on the durability of the bones of
men, 258.

Cuvier, M. F., on the aptitude of some
animals to domestication, 38.

41.

on the influence of domestication,

Cypris found completely fossilized in
Scotch marl lakes, 275.

not uncommon in ponds in Eng-
land, 275.

Dangerfield, Captain F., on buried cities
in Central India, 238.

Daubeney, Dr., his discovery of nitro-
gen in mineral springs, 189.
Davy, Sir H., on the occurrence of gyp-
sum in peat, 210.

his objection to the theory of the
gradual civilization of man, 117.

on the perishable nature of the
works of man, 271.

Davy, Dr., on the changes which a
helmet taken up from the sea near
Corfu had undergone, 263.
Decandolle, his opinion respecting hy-
brid plants, 56.

on the distribution of plants, 68,71.
on the agency of man in the dis-
persion of plants, 82.

on the causes of stations of plants,
131.

on the barriers which separate dis-
tinct botanical provinces, 177.
Decandolle, M. Alph., on the number of
botanical provinces, 71.

Deer, their powers of swimming, 92.

formerly very abundant in Scot-
land, 149.

abundance of their remains in the
Scotch marl lakes, 251.

Deguer on remains of ships, &c., in the
Dutch peat mosses, 219.

Degradation of land, caused by rain,

199.

De la Beche, M., on the action of rain
in the tropics, 200.

De la Beche, M., on the drifting of the
lighter parts of plants to sea by hur-
ricanes, 244.

his remarks on the subsidence at

Port Royal, 269.

on the coral formations of the West
Indian seas, 291.

on the alternation of coral and lava
in the Isle of France, 295.
Delamétherie, speculative views of, 11.
Delille, wheat found in the Egyptian
tombs by, 31.

on the native country of the com-
mon wheat, 31.

Delta of the Ganges, alternations of ma-
rine and fresh-water strata formed in
the, 277.

of the Indus, recent elevation and
depression of the, 277.

of the Rhone, cannon inclosed in
calcareous rock taken up from the,
262.

De Luc on the conversion of forests into
peat mosses, 214.

Denudation caused by rain, 199.
Desert of Africa, its area as compared

to that of the Mediterranean, 166.
Desjardin, M., bones of the dodo found

fossil under lava by, 151.

Dikes numerous in the Val del Bove,
Etna, 303.

Disappointment Islands, connected with
Duff's group by coral reefs, 295.
Dislocations of strata, ancient and mo-
dern, remarks on, 195.
Distribution of species, effect of changes
in physical geography on the, 160.

effect of changes in climate on,
169.
Dodo, on the recent extinction of the,
150.

Dog, varieties of the, 26.

its distinctness from the wolf, 27.
hybrids between the wolf and, 51.
Dogs, Lamarck on the numerous races
of, 7.

examples of acquired instincts be-
coming hereditary in, 39.

have run wild in America, 153.
goats in Juan Fernandez destroyed
by, 154.
Domestic qualities soon developed in
some animals, but wholly denied to
others, 47.

Domestication, aptitude possessed by
some animals to, 38.

influence of, 41.
Dominica, a bed of coral found between
two lava currents in, 294.
Downham, part of the town of, over-
whelmed by blown sand, 235.

Downs, account of a cannon taken up
from the sea near the, 262.

Drift sea-weed, large banks formed by,
277.

Drift wood, a boa constrictor conveyed
to St. Vincent's on, 104.

on the imbedding of, 241.

abundant in the North Sea, 244.
conveyed in all directions by cur-
rents, 245.

Drumlanrig forest overturned by the
wind in 1756, 212.

Duff's group, these islands connected
with Diappointment islands by coral
reefs, 295.

Dulverton, pigs found entire in digging a
well at, 216.

Duncombe Park, bones of recent quadru-
peds found in a fissure in, 220.
Dureau de la Malle, M., on the changes
caused by man in different races of
dogs, 26.

on the aptitude of some animals to
domestication, 38.

Dutch peat-mosses, remains of ships,
&c., found in, 219.

Dutch vessel found in the old channel of
the river Rother, 260.

Earth's surface, effects produced by the
powers of vitality on the, 185.

permanent modifications produced
by the action of animal and vegetable
life on the, 209.

Earthquakes, animals most abundantly
preserved where they prevail, 230.

ravages caused by the waves of the
sea on low coasts during, 232.

in Sicily, 1693, several thousand
people entombed at once in caverns,
during, 232.

effects of the submersion of land
by, 264.

their effects often unheeded, 267.
their effects in imbedding cities
and forests, 268.

in the Pacific, 297.
Edrom, remains of the beaver found
in the parish of, 251.
Edwards, his account of the destruction

of the town of Savanna la Mar, 233.
Egypt, cities and towns buried under
drift sand in, 234.

Egyptian mummies identical with spe-
cies still living, 28.
Eider-ducks destroyed by a fox drifted
on ice to the island of Vidoc, 145.
Ekmark, on the diffusion of plants by
birds, 80.

Elephants, their sagacity not attributable
to their intercourse with man, 46.

Elephants will breed in captivity, 46.

their powers of swimming, 92.
Elevation, effects which would result in
some places from partial, 163.

recent, in the delta of the Indus,
266.

and subsidence, effects of alter-
nate, 307.
Elizabeth, or Henderson's Island de-
scribed-see wood-cuts No. 8 and 9,
296, 297.

Elk Island, with 700 quadrupeds, swept
away by a river-flood in Virginia, 250.
Emu in Australia will become extermi-
nated, 150.
Equilibrium among plants kept up by
insects, 132.

Eschscholtz's bay, cliffs consisting of ice
and vegetable mould in, 194.
Escrinet, Pass of, conglomerate now
forming at, 221.

Estuaries, imbedding of fresh-water
species in, 275.

description of the manner in which
they become filled up, 276.
Etna, fourteen towns and villages co-
vered at once by the lava of, 236.

general dip of the volcanic beds of,
303.

lava currents of 1819 and 1811,
on, 304.

recent cones formed on, 304.
Extermination of species, no preroga-
tive of man,
156.
Extinction of species, successive, part of
the economy of nature, 168, 176.

Facial angle, on the gradation in intel.
lect, as shown by the, 60.
Férussac on the distribution of fresh-
water molluscs, 108.

Finland, Gulf of, its connexion with the
White Sea, 306.

Flinders, a reef of coral 350 miles long,
described by, 285.

Floating islands within the tropics, ani-
mals transported by, 97.

Floods in Scotland, 1794, 248.

1829, 249.

Forests, degradation of land increased
by their destruction, 198.

rain diminished by the felling of,

200.
of America, cause of their position,
201.

sites of many ancient ones now
covered by peat, 206, 211.
sometimes overturned by storms,

212.

in Germany destroyed by insects,

206.

submarine, remarks on their for-
mation, 268.
Forfarshire Lakes, shell marl deposits,
how formed in the, 272, 299.

charæ found fossilized in the-see
wood-cuts No. 2 and 3, 273, 274.
skeletons of animals numerous in
the, 251.

Formation of coral reefs, 283.
Fort of Sindree, subsidence of, in 1819,
266.

not thrown down by the earth-
quake, 266.

Forth, effects of a storm in its estuary,
Feb. 1831, 280.

Fourcroy on the occurrence of iron in
all compact woods, 215.

Fox man-of-war, changes which some

articles, thrown up from the wreck of
the, had undergone in 33 years, 262.
France, human bones and works of art
found with extinct quadrupeds, in
the south of, 224.

number of ships of war lost during
the last war with, 256.

migrations of, 106.

agency of birds and water-beetles
on their distribution, 106.

Fissures, preservation of organic re-
mains in, 220, 231.

on their coinmunication with ca-
verns, 221.

74.

Fresh-water formations, recent, not yet
examined, in the tropics, 275.

the variety of species of testacea
but small in, 277.

Fresh-water and marine strata, alterna-
tions of, how formed in the delta of
the Ganges, 277.

his account of turtles taken on the
coast of England, 104.

on the changes in the animal king-
dom, caused by the increase of human
population, 148.

his account of the stranding of ce-
tacea on the British coasts, 278.

ding of their remains in subaqueous
strata, 272, 275.

Fries, on the dispersion of cryptogamic
plants, 76.

Frisi, on the conservative influence of
vegetation, 198.

Frogs, conveyed to the sea in great num-
bers by floods, in Morayshire, 246.