In the case of a student whose native language is other than European, the Senatus may accept as an alternative to Latin or Greek any other classical language, such as Sanskrit or Arabic, subject always to the provisions of the Sections of the Ordinance affecting attendance in language classes. The Senatus of each University shall direct the Examiners in any classical language accepted as an alternative for Latin and Greek, that the arrangement of the papers set and the allocation of marks to the different questions must be the same as for the papers in Latin and Greek. The examination, if upon the Higher Standard, shall consist of two papers of two hours each. 6. Mathematics on the Lower Standard shall comprise-(1) Arithmetic, including Vulgar and Decimal Fractions, Proportion, Percentage, Square Root, Simple Interest; (2) Algebra, including Fractions, Factors, Square Root, Equations of the First Degree, Simultaneous Equations of the First Degree, Easy Quadratic Equations, Problems leading to the above Equations; (3) Geometry-Euclid, Books I., II., and III. (or their equivalents), with easy deductions. Demonstrations other than Euclid's will be accepted if they assume no propositions which in Euclid's order are subsequent to the proposition under consideration. Mathematics on the Intermediate Standard shall, in addition to the subjects comprised in the Lower Standard, comprise—(a) Euclid, Book VI., Propositions 1-19, or Geometry equivalent thereto; (b) Algebra, Quadratic Equations, Ratio and Proportion; (c) the Trigonometry of Right-angled Triangles. Mathematics on the Higher Standard shall, in addition to the subjects comprised in the Lower Standard, comprise Euclid, Books IV., VI., and the first twenty-one propositions of Book XI. (or their equivalents), with Deductions, Quadratic Equations, Trigonometry to the Solution of Triangles inclusive, and the use of Logarithmic Tables. In the Examination in Mathematics on the Higher and Intermediate, and on the Lower Standards, each question in Geometry will consist of two parts, of which one will be an easy deduction or illustrative exercise on the proposition set as bookwork. There will be two papers in Mathematics on the Higher and on the Intermediate Standard. The first paper will consist of questions on Geometry and on Trigonometry, in the proportion of four-fifths Geometry and one-fifth Trigonometry. The second paper will consist of questions on Algebra (including Arithmetic) and on Trigonometry, in the proportion of four-fifths Algebra and one-fifth Trigonometry, and shall contain two or more questions on Arithmetic, of which one at least shall be taken by all candidates. Candidates for the Higher Standard may obtain full marks by doing correctly about two-thirds of the questions set in each subject; but the Examiners will be entitled to reject a candidate who makes in any subject less than a certain minimum of the marks allotted to that subject. The pass-mark for candidates on the Intermediate Standard is fixed with reference to the total number of marks assigned to questions which fall under the syllabus of the Intermediate Standard; but such candidates will receive credit for any question they may answer.1 The paper in Mathematics on the Lower Standard will be devoted to the various subjects comprised in as nearly as possible the following proportions: four-ninths to Geometry, three-ninths to Algebra, and two-ninths to Arithmetic. Candidates may obtain full marks by doing correctly about two-thirds of the questions set in each subject; but the Examiners will be entitled to reject a candidate who makes in any subject less than a certain minimum of the marks allotted to that subject. 7. The paper on Dynamics will be directed to test the candidate's knowledge of the fundamental principles of the subjects included in it as defined by Ordinance-i.e., the Elementary Statics and Kinetics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Questions may be set which involve the Trigonometry of rightangled triangles. Candidates may obtain full marks by doing correctly about twothirds of the questions set in each section of the paper. 8. French, German, and Italian shall comprise grammatical, literary, and easy philological questions, translation into English from French, German, or Italian authors not previously prescribed, and translation from English into French, German, or Italian; and the standard shall not be lower than that presently adopted for the Higher Grade Leaving Certificate of the Scotch Education Department. Two papers will be set in French and two in German, two hours being allowed for each; the first paper to contain a passage for translation from English into French or German, and a test in free composition on some easy subject; the second paper to contain two unseen translations into English (one in Prose, one in Verse), three 1 The Joint Board will not grant a pass on the Intermediate Standard unless the candidate has, either at the same time or previously, passed on the Lower Standard in Mathematics. grammatical, one philological, and one literary question. Of these five questions the candidate will be allowed to choose three. Literature will comprise a general knowledge of the life and works of at least one of four standard writers (for French Literature, two at least from the nineteenth century, and one at least from the seventeenth century), with special reference to one particular work by each of them. Two of the authors will be changed from year to year. The authors prescribed for Literary questions in 1910 will be as follows, viz. :— FRENCH. Molière, L'Avare ; Mérimée, Colomba ; George Sand, La Petite Fadette; Beaumarchais, Barbier de Séville. GERMAN. Buchheim, Deutsche Balladen; Schiller, Maria Stuart; Seidel, Leberecht Hühnchen; Keller, Fähnlein der sieben Aufrechten. And in 1911: FRENCH.-Beaumarchais, Barbier de Séville; George GERMAN.-Seidel, Leberecht Hühnchen; Keller, Fähnlein der sieben Aufrechten; Lessing, Nathan der Weise ; Schiller, Wilhelm Tell. 9. Other modern languages.-All examinations in languages approved by the Senatus Academicus under Ordinance No. 11 (General No. 6), Section III. (1), 4, as amended by Ordinance No. 148, Section I. (see Regulations for Graduation in Arts), shall consist of two papers each of two hours' duration, and drawn up, so far as possible, in accordance with the Regulations given above as regards French and German. EXAMINATIONS ACCEPTED AS EXEMPTING FROM THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION IN ARTS AND SCIENCE. I. By Ordinances Nos. 12, 21, 22, 23, 132, 133, 134, it is provided that "a Degree in Arts (not being a degree honoris causâ tantum) in any of the Universities of the United Kingdom, or in any Colonial or Foreign University specially recognised for the purpose by the University Court, after consultation with the Senatus, shall exempt from the Preliminary Examination" in Science. II. In virtue of the powers conferred upon them by Ordinance No. 11 (General No. 6-Regulations for Degrees in Arts), Section V., Subsections 2 and 3, the Joint Board have agreed to accept the following Examinations as exempting from the Prelim inary Examination in Arts and Science, either wholly or in part: 1. A Degree in Arts or in Science, not being an Honorary Degree, in any of the Universities of the United Kingdom, shall exempt from the Preliminary Examination in Arts or in Science, as the case may be. 2. For the Preliminary Examination in Arts and Science passes in the Higher and Honours Grade Leaving Certificate Examinations of the Scotch Education Department in Latin, Greek, and Mathematics will be accepted as equivalent to the Higher Standard in each of these subjects, as prescribed by the Arts Ordinance, and passes in the Lower Grade or Intermediate Certificate Examinations to the Lower Standard; passes in the Higher and Honours Grade in English, in Modern Languages, and in Dynamics will be accepted as equivalent to the standard prescribed for each of these subjects by the Arts Ordinance; a pass in the Leaving Certificate in Science will be accepted as equivalent to the Examination in the subject of Dynamics. 1 The Regulation that all the subjects of the examination shall be passed at one or not more than two examinations shall not be held to apply to the Leaving Certificate Examinations. 3. A certificate of having passed in the Honours or First Division in English in the London University Matriculation Examination will be accepted as equivalent to English in the Arts and Science Preliminary Examination; and the Joint Board also accept, for the Preliminary Arts and Science Examination, (1) London University Matriculation Mathematics as equivalent to Lower Mathematics; (2) London University Matriculation Mechanics as equivalent to Dynamics; and (3) London University Intermediate Mathematics as equivalent to Intermediate and Higher Mathematics. 4. Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board.-Exemption will be granted as follows: A pass in Latin or Greek for the Lower Certificate or for the 'School' or 'Leaving Certificate' will be accepted for Lower Latin or Lower Greek. A pass in Latin or Greek for the Higher Certificate will be accepted for Higher Latin or Higher Greek. A pass in French or German for the Higher Certificate will be accepted for the Arts and Science pass in these subjects respectively. 1 Passes in individual subjects in the Intermediate Examination are accepted only where the Scotch Education Department have notified to the Clerk of Senatus or Joint Board that a sufficient standard had been reached in such subjects. In Mathematics Elementary Mathematics of the School' or 'Leaving Certificate' or Elementary Mathematics of the Higher Certificate will be accepted for Lower Mathematics. 6 Additional Mathematics of the School' or 'Leaving Certificate,' if endorsed with Trigonometry, or Additional Mathematics for the Higher Certificate, will be accepted for Higher Mathematics. Of these two, the former, if not endorsed with Trigonometry, will be accepted for Lower Mathematics only. Natural Philosophy (Mechanical Division) will be accepted for Dynamics. In English the Higher Certificate with English, the Higher Certificate with Essay and History or Geography, or the 'Leaving Certificate' with English, History, and Geography (the combined subject), will be accepted for the Arts and Science pass in English. 5. Oxford University Local Examinations— a) Junior Local Examination Distinction in Mathematics (if the candidate has passed both in Algebra and Geometry) with a pass in Arithmetic will exempt from Lower Mathematics. A pass in Higher Mathematics, if it includes Algebra and Geometry with a pass in Arithmetic, will exempt from Lower Mathematics. (b) Senior Local Examination A pass in Latin will exempt from Lower Latin; a pass in Greek will exempt from Lower Greek; distinction in Latin will exempt from Higher Latin; distinction in Greek will exempt from Higher Greek; distinction in French or German will exempt from French or German respectively; a pass in Mathematics, including Algebra and Geometry, with Arithmetic, will exempt from Lower Mathematics; a pass in Higher Mathematics, including Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry, will exempt from Higher Mathematics; a pass in English Language and Literature, History, and Geography (with distinction in the first of the three) will exempt from English. (c) Higher Local Examination-This will be accepted pro tanto. 6. Cambridge University Local Examinations (a) Junior Local Examination Distinction in Mathe- |