or N. Carolina. The amount of population is comparatively very small, but is increasing with rapidity. This State, in general, has a level or undulating surface, and a soil of distinguished fertility. The western border all along the Mississippi, is rich hilly land, or, to a considerable extent is composed of river bottoms, annually inundated. The alluvial soil on the banks of the smaller streams, is fruitful in a high degree. But a great portion of the State is less fertile and covered with pine forests. The S. W. corner contains the greatest quantity of good land, and the principal settlements of the whites. Settlements, however are fast extending into the central and S. eastern sections. The northern half of the State is chiefly in the possession of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians, though many of the Choctaws have recently removed to the W. of the Mississippi. Cotton, corn, rice and sugar, are the principal productions.

ber of counties is 26.

The num

Natches is the chief town, is beautifully situated, and has an extensive trade. Pop. 2,800. Jackson, on the Pearl river, is the seat of Government. Port Gibson, Vicksburg, Woodville and Monticello, are thriving towns. Provision is making for internal improvements, and for the advancement of education. Several flourishing seminaries are established; 8 or 9000 children however are supposed to be destitute of instruction. At Washington and Shieldsboro two colleges are incorporated. The churches generally are Methodists, Baptists or Presbyterians.

QUESTIONS.

What are the boundaries, extent and population of Mississippi? By what two rivers is it chiefly separated from Louisiana? What river runs S. near the line between this state and Alabama? What large river rises in this state and runs into Alabama? Where do the Yazoo and Big Black rivers empty? What is said of the surface and soil in general? What of the W. border? What of the soil on the banks of the smaller streams? With what is a great part of the state covered? Which corner contains the chief settlements? What two tribes of Indians on the N.? What six or seven missionary stations in this state? What productions? How many counties? What chief towns and where situated? What and where is the capital? Where are Port Gibson and Monticello? What is said of internal improvement and education? Of Colleges and seminaries? Of the churches? When was Mississippi admitted as a state into the Union? Ans. in 1817.

TENNESSEE.

Extent 40,000 sq. miles. Pop. 682,000. 17 per sq. mile. Slaves 142,000.

Tennessee originally belonged to the State of N. Carolina. It is pleasantly diversified with hills, vallies and mountains, affording much grand and picturesque scenery, and yielding to a wide extent, luxuriant crops. By the Cumberland mountains, it is

divided into E. and W. Tennessee. The climate is grateful and salubrious. The winter is short and mild. In W. Tennessee, the surface is plain or moderately hilly and the soil deep and productive. E. Tennessee is very mountainous, but the land in the valleys is often exceedingly fertile. The great business of the people is agriculture. Cotton, tobacco, wheat, indian corn and hemp, are staple commodities and produced in abundance. E. Tennessee furnishes vast numbers of cattle for the markets on the Atlantic.

Iron ore, gypsum, and marble abound; and in some parts there are lead mines and salt springs. Gold is also found in several places. The State is divided into 62 counties, of which, 40 are in W. Tennessee. The largest town and the seat of Government, is Nashville, in the midst of a fertile and populous region. It is a beautiful place. Pop. 6,000. Knoxville is on the Holston in E. Tennessee. Pop. 3000. Murfreesboro, near the centre, was the former capital.

There are three colleges, viz. at Nashville, Knoxville and Maysville. The first of these, is an institution of great importance and promise. The Cherokee country extends into this state on the S. E. where Brainard, the celebrated missionary station is located.

QUESTIONS.

How would you bound Tennessee? What number of square miles, counties and inhabitants in it? To what state did it formerly belong? What general description is given of it? Into what two divisions is the state divided, and by what mountains ? What mountains separate it from N. Carolina? What are the principal rivers? What is said of the climate? Of the winter? How is W. Tennessee described? E. Tennessee? What is the great business of the people? The staple commodities? What of the cattle in E. Tennessee? What mineral products ? Which, and on what river, is the capital and largest town? On what river is Knoxville ? Where is Murfreesboro ? Where are the three colleges? In what part is the country of the Cherokees, and what are the missionary stations? When was Tennessee made a separate state and admitted into the Union? Ans. 1796. What are the principal christian denominations? Ans. Methodists, Baptists and Presbyterians.

KENTUCKY.

Extent 40,000 sq. ms. Pop. 688,000. 17 per sq. mile. Slaves 165,000.

Kentucky is extensively bordered and traversed by navigable streams, and is remarkable for the vast bed of limestone which extends through the greatest part of the state, lying about eight feet below the surface of the soil, and containing numerous caves and chasms, which at times, absorb the rivers and fountains and contribute to a scarcity of water. Its rivers are generally rapid and 7*

flowing in deep channels. The northern border, all along the Ohio, next to the river bottoms, is hilly and broken, but often rich valuable land. The S. E. division is mountainous. The remainder of the state is of a plain or undulating surface.

The soil in general, is very fertile, especially on the N. E., producing in abundance, hemp, tobacco, wheat and corn. Manufactures are very flourishing, and consist chiefly of hemp cloth, ropes, cordage and salt. Vast quantities of salt are manufactured from the numerous salt springs, affording a supply for this and some of the neighboring states. In 1830, 137,000 bushels were made.

There are 83 counties in this state. One of the largest towns is Lexington, on the Elkhorn. It is handsomely built, is surrounded by a most delightful country and beautiful scenery, and distinguished for its manufactures, refinement and wealth. Pop. 6,100. Louisville, on the Ohio, is now the most populous town in the state, and is growing rapidly in commerce, manufactures and opulence. Pop. 13,000. Maysville, on the Ohio, is also a flourishing, commercial and manufacturing town. Pop. 3,000. The seat of government is Frankfort, on the Kentucky. Its state house is of superior elegance. Pop. 2,000.

There are several literary institutions in this state. Transylvania University, at Lexington, is of extensive reputation, and is connected with a law and medical school. At Bardstown, is St. Joseph's college, a Catholic seminary; at Danville, is Centre college, in a very flourishing condition. The privileges of common-school education are not extensively enjoyed. The churches in Kentucky are generally of the Baptist, Methodist, or Presbyterian denomination.

This state abounds in natural curiosities, among which, the Mammoth Cave is distinguished. It is eight or ten miles in length, and includes several apartments, the largest of which, contains eight acres, and is entirely overspread with one solid arch, 100 feet high, but destitute of any pillars for its support. The banks of the river Kentucky are in some places sublime beyond description, being 300 feet in perpendicular height, composed of solid limestone. The banks of the streams in general are very high and picturesque. In some parts of Kentucky, hundreds of huge bones and enormous tusks of the elephant, mastodon and mammoth, have been dug up from the depth of 20 feet below the surface of the ground, and far below the roots of the largest forest trees. They are supposed by some, to be relics of an Antediluvian age.

QUESTIONS.

What are the boundaries of Kentucky? Its extent? Population? Number of counties? For what is this state remarkable? What river separates Kentucky

from Missouri? What rivers from Kentucky and Tennessee flow into the Ohio? What mountains in part, divide it from Virginia? How is the N. border of this state described? Which part is most mountainous? What is said of the soil in general? Of the principal products? Of manufactures? Where is Lexington and how described? Louisville, and what is said of it? Where is Maysville? What and where is the capital? Where are the literary institutions? What is said of common education in Kentucky? What of the churches? Does this state abound in natural curiosities? What description is given of the Mammoth Cave? Of the banks of Kentucky river? Of the huge bones which have been dug up? To what state did Kentucky originally belong? Ans. Virginia. When was a settlement begun in it? Ans. 1773. When admitted as a separate state? Ans. 1792.

Extent, 40,000 sq. miles, or 25,000,000 of acres. Pop. 938,000. 23 per sq. mile.

Ohio is a large and fertile state, inhabited by a people of distinguished enterprise in agriculture, manufactures, commerce and internal improvements, and increasing with unexampled rapidity, in wealth, population and importance. The people are composed of emigrants from various states and countries, especially from the northern and middle states of the Union. The northern, central, and western portions of the state are level, and in some places marshy. The E. and S. E. parts are hilly and broken.

Ohio embraces extensive prairies, particularly on the head waters of the Muskingum and Scioto and between the Scioto and the sources of the two Miami rivers. The high land in the middle of the state is the most wet and marshy. The dryest and richest is on the banks of the rivers. The numerous tracts of interval land

along the Ohio and some of its branches are fertile and luxuriant in the highest degree. The country bordering on the Scioto and the Miami, is also noted for its fertility. The staple production is wheat; but other grains and grass, hemp and flax, succeed well. Iron ore and pit coal are abundant, and there are many salt springs. Ohio is divided into 73 counties. The N. E. part, called the Western Reserve, contains 7 counties and 3,000,000 of acres. The capital is Columbus, on the Scioto, a flourishing manufacturing town. Pop. 2,500. Cincinnati, on the Ohio, in the S. W. corner of the state, is the principal city and the great metropolis of this part of the Union. The plan of the city is regular. The streets are handsome, and adorned with elegant public buildings and private dwellings. It has 24 churches, 4 markets, a flourishing Medical and Theological Seminary, and 18 public schools. Its manufactures and trade are extensive, and continually increasing. The building of steam boats is a great branch of business; no less than 130 have been built here, and immense quantities of flour, pork, tobacco and other produce, are every year, conveyed down the river in steam boats to N. Orleans. The growth of Cincinnati has been remarkable; 650 new buildings have been erected in one year. The population is now above 30,000, nine tenths of which are contained within the compass of a mile square. Steubenville, Zanesville, Chilicothe and Dayton, are growing towns, containing each about 3,000 inhabitants. Marietta on the Ohio, and Cleaveland on lake Erie, are also respectable places. The great Ohio canal extends across the state, from Portsmouth on the Ohio, to Cleaveland, a distance of 320 miles. The Miami canal reaches from Dayton on the Miami, to Cincinnati, 67 miles.

The principal seminaries are the Miami University at Oxford, the Ohio University at Athens, Kenyon College, near Mount Vernon, the Western Reserve College, and the Lane Seminary, a promising Theological Institution at Cincinnati. Common schools are generally established in the villages, and legal provision is made for their support and regulation. The Presbyterians, Baptists and Methodists, are the most numerous classes of christians in this state.

The settlement of Ohio was commenced at Marietta, in 1788, by General Putnam and a company from Massachusetts. In 1802 it was made one of the states of the Union, and then embraced about 50,000 inhabitants.

QUESTIONS.

How is the state of Ohio bounded? What are its extent and pop. ? Its general description? Of what are the people composed? What is said of the north and central portions of the state? Of the east and south-east parts? Where are the