25,000. It is above 2,000 miles by water from N. Orleans. Lancaster is distant from Philadelphia 62 miles, and is a pleasant, flourishing and wealthy town, surrounded by a rich and highly cultivated region. Pop. nearly 8,000. Reading, Easton, York,. Carlisle and others, are also respectable and thriving towns.

The most important literary institutions are the following: The University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, embracing a most celebrated Medical school; Dickerson College at Carlisle, Washington College at Washington, Jefferson's College at Canonsburg, Alleghany College at Meadville, and Mount Airy College at Germantown.

The prevailing christian denominations are the Presbyterians, who have 429 churches; the German Reformed, and Evangelical Lutherans, Methodists, Baptists and Friends, are also numerous.

The first permanent colony was established in this State, by the celebrated William Penn, who, with a society of Friends or Quakers, in 1682, laid the foundation of the city of Philadelphia.

QUESTIONS.

What are the boundaries of Penn. ? Its extent ? Pop.? Mountains? Number of counties? What river dividing it from N. Jersey, and with what two branches? What large river runs through it, and where does it rise and empty? What two rivers unite at Pittsburg and form the Ohio, and where do they rise? What is the general description of Penn. ? What of the E. portion? What of the W. portion? Of the central and northern tracts? What of the climate? The tillage? The crops? The mineral products? The public works? What and where are the principal canals and rail roads? Of what descent are the people? What is said of their manufactures? Internal trade and foreign commerce? What are the situation, description and population of Philadelphia? Of Harrisburg the capital? Of Pittsburg? Of Lancaster? Where is Reading? Easton? York? Carlisle ? Wilkesbarre ? Bedford Meadville? What, and where are the literary institutions mentioned? Is general education in Penn. in a low state? What are the most numerous christian denominations? When and by whom was the first colony planted in this State? •

DELAWARE,

Extent 2,100 sq. miles.-Pop. 77,000.-36 per sq. mile.

Deep Cut in the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal.

Delaware is the smallest State, in respect to population, and the least in extent, except Rhode-1sland. It is divided into 3 counties. The climate is warmer than that of Penn. The northern part is hilly, but rich and fruitful, producing large quantities of grain, especially wheat, which is the staple product, and grows here in the greatest perfection. The southern part is a low, sandy plain, with a thinner soil, but, to a considerable extent suited to grazing. The principal streams are the Brandywine Creek and Christiana Creek, which unite a little below Wilmington and fall into the Delaware. They are rapid streams, affording distinguished water privileges, and are extensively lined with flour mills and large manufactories of woollen and cotton. The collection of flour mills on the Brandywine, is the finest and most celebrated in the Union. Indeed the raising of wheat and the manufacturing of it into flour, are the leading employments of the people.

Wilmington, 2 miles from the Delaware, and 28 miles S. W. from Philadelphia, is the principal town, and now an incorporated city. Pop. 10,000. Dover, on Jones' creek, is the seat of government. It is 48 miles S. of Wilmington, and is a pleasant town, with an elegant state house. Pop. 1,500. Lewistown, near the mouth of the bay, is distinguished for its salt works.

The Delaware and Chesapeake Canal crosses the north part of the State and connects the Delaware river with Chesapeake bay. It is very wide and deep, and traversed by steam boats, packets and merchant vessels.

The Presbyterians, Methodists and Baptists, are the prevailing religious persuasions. There is no College in this State, but there is a manual labor academy.

QUESTIONS.

How is Delaware bounded? What extent ? Pop. ? General description? Counties? Climate? How is the N. part? The S. part? What bay and river separating this state from N. Jersey ? What two smaller streams are mentioned, and how described? What is said of the flour mills on the Brandywine? Of the employments of the people? Which and where is the chief town? The seat of Government? Where is Lewistown and for what noted? What canal? What religious persuasions ?

REVIEW OF THE MIDDLE STATES.

What are the number and names of the Middle States? How are they bounded together? How separately? What sound, lakes and bays, border on them? Which two of the states are the largest and about of a size? Which contains the most people ? Which the most Germans? Which the most people from N. Eng. ? Which the most manufacturing people? Which excels most in agricultural skill? Which, in common school education? Which in commerce ? Which has the oldest and longest canal? Which has expended the most in rail roads and other internal improvements? Which has the most noted flour mills in the country? Which is the most remarkable, as a state, for rich orchards and fine cider? Which for an abundance of iron and pit coal? What is the common staple production of all the Middle States? What are the principal mountains in these States ? Rivers? Canals? Capitals? Chief towns? Will you name six of the largest towns in the order of their population, and tell nearly their lat. and their direction from N. York? To what river and lat. on the N. does N. York State extend? To what lat. and near to what cape, does Delaware reach on the S.? What river connects Lake Champlain with the St. Lawrence? How conld you sail most directly from Erie in Penn., to Albany, and from Albany to Lake Champlain, and from Lake Champlain to Delaware river? What two remarkable cataracts or falls in the Middle States ?

SOUTHERN STATES.

MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, N. CAROLINA, S. CAROLINA, GEOR-
GIA, ALABAMA.
MARYLAND.

Extent 10,000 sq. ms. Pop. 477,000. 45 per. sq. mile. Maryland, exclusive of water, is nearly of the size of Vermont. By the waters of Chesapeake bay, it is naturally divided into two scctions, called the eastern and western shores. The E. division is an extensive, low, sandy plain, containing 8 counties. The W. division is partly plain and partly uneven and mountainous, containing 11 counties.

The climate of Maryland is mild; toward the S. warm, and in the low lands, extensively moist and unhealthy. There is a great proportion of good soil, adapted to grain. The richest tracts are in the hilly lands and in the valleys between the mountains. Wheat, tobacco and indian corr, are the chief agricultural productions. Iron ore abounds, and is manufactured in large quantities. The mines of coal are almost inexhaustible, especially on the Potomac. The soil is cultivated in many parts with much skill and

to great advantage. The manufacturing of flour is carried on largely, and vast quantities are exported.

The commerce of Maryland is extensive. Baltimore is the commercial capital, and in population, the third city in the Union, It is situated on the N. side of Petapsco river, 14 miles from the bay, and has two divisions, called the Town, and Fell's Point, of which the latter is the principal seat of commerce. The streets of Baltimore are neatly paved, and the houses, in general, handsomely built of brick, and many of them with superior elegance and taste. In an elevated part of the city, is displayed a marble monument to the memory of Washington, 160 feet high, with a statue of Washington at the top. Baltimore has had a very rapid growth, and is distinguished for its amount of shipping. As a flour market, it is almost unrivalled. Pop. 80,600. The Baltimore and Ohio rail road is designed to extend from this city to Pittsburg, 325 miles.

The seat of Government is Annapolis, on the Severn, 30 miles S. of Baltimore. Pop. 2,600. Frederick is the second largest town in the State. Pop. 4,500. Hagarstown on the N. W., has 3,400.

The state of education in Maryland, is considerably flourishing. There are a number of academies and distinguished schools of medicine and law. There is a College at Annapolis. And at Baltimore, are St. Mary's College, Baltimore College, and a medical school of great celebrity.

The prevailing religious sect in this State, are the Roman Catholics, who have here one Archbishop, the metropolitan of the U. States, and about 35 churches. The settlement of Maryland waз commenced in the year 1634, by George Calvert, brother of Lord Baltimore, with 200 settlers.

QUESTIONS.

What are the number and names of southern states? Of what extent and pop. is Maryland? What New England state does it compare with, in size? How is it bounded? By what large bay divided? What are the two divisions called? How many counties in each? How is the east division described? How the west? What of the climate of Maryland? What of the soil? What parts are the richest? What are the staple products? What minerals? How is the soil cultivated? What is said of the manufacture of flour? Of the commerce of this state? Which is the commercial capital? Where is Baltimore situated? How divided? What of its streets? Houses? Monument? What further is said of Baltimore? What rail road from this city, and whither does it extend? What and where is the seat of Government? Where is Fredericksburg? Hagarstown? Bellare? Chester ? What mountains enter this state? What river from the north runs into Chesapeake bay, and where does it rise? What river divides Maryland from Virginia? What is said of education in Maryland? Of academies and schools? What colleges? What religious sect prevails? By whom, and at what time was Maryland begun to be settled?

VIRGINIA.

Extent, C5,000 sq. ms.-Pop. 1,212,000.-18 per sq. m. Virginia is the oldest and largest of the states, and the third in amount of population. The interests and pursuits of the inhabi tants are chiefly agricultural. This state is traversed by several ridges of the Alleghany mountains, and is divided by nature, into eastern, middle, and western Virginia. There are 105 counties. The surface, climate and soil, are various.

East Virginia is a low, flat country, sandy or marshy, and unproductive, except near the rivers. It is the smallest and least fertile, but the most populous of the 3 divisions. It has a hot and unhealthy climate.

The Middle section is an uneven, hilly or mountainous region, cool and salubrious, and in general, fertile, especially in the valleys, between the ridges of the Allegany.

Western Virginia comprises nearly half of the state, possessing a delightful climate, with a surface of hills and mountains, containing much fine scenery and good soil, but a more scattered population. Tobacco, wheat and corn are the chief productions of Virginia, with some cotton towards the south. Iron ore and coal are abundant, and some gold has been discovered here. The soil is most skilfully cultivated in the hill country.

The number of slaves in the state is 470,000, principally in the Middle and Eastern divisions. Manufactures and commerce are not very extensive.

Richmond is the capital, and the largest town. It is delightfully situated, on the north bank of James river, at the head of tide-waters. It is an elegant and healthy city, flourishing in trade, manufactures and commerce. Pop. above 16,000.

Norfolk, on Elizabeth river, near the mouth of the James, is distinguished for its excellent harbour, and extensive foreign commerce. Pop. 10,000.

Petersburg, on the Appomatox, 25 miles south of Richmond, is a very flourishing commercial place. Pop. 8,300. Wheeling, on the Ohio, is the next largest town, and is rising rapidly in population, and commercial importance. Pop. 5,300. Fredericks burg, Lynchburg, Staunton, and Winchester, are respectable

towns.

York, or Yorktown, 11 miles from the mouth of York river, is famous for the surrender of Cornwallis, near the close of the revolutionary war.

Virginia is distinguished among the states, as having given birth to 4 Presidents, and her name is associated with the venerable names of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe.