the states has so dense a population, or is more distinguished for the intelligence, industry, and prosperous enterprise of the people, in agriculture, manufactures, commerce and the fisheries. Here are 14 counties and 308 towns: and the population of the state, if equally divided among the towns, would average about 2,000 to each. The surface of the sea coast is generally level, the interior is pleasantly diversified with hills and vales, and the western parts are mountainous. The climate is extensively healthy, though at some seasons the coast is exposed to a chilling moisture from the influence of easterly winds. There are tracts of land toward the sea, sandy and stony, and comparatively unproductive; but the soil, in general, is good, both for pasturage and tillage, and is as skilfully cultivated and improved as any portion of the Union. The lands on the banks of the Connecticut and other streams are incomparably rich and beautiful. The chief products of agriculture, are grass, indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buck wheat, beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. The state abounds in granite, a species of building stone, and in quarries of fine marble. The manufactures are numerous and very flourishing. The sea-ports are furnished with fine harbours, and the people are extensively engaged in the cod, mackerel and whale fisheries, and extend their foreign trade to all quarters of the globe. General education is faithfully and successfully attended to; and the literary institutions, are among the most venerable and flourishing in the country. The numerous humane and benevolent institutions in this state, are also indicative of the refinement and distinguished liberality of the inhabitants. Boston is situated on a peninsula in Massachusetts bay. The country around it is rich and interesting. It is the chief city in N. England, and in commerce and wealth, the second city in the U. States. The public buildings of Boston are ele-gant. Some of them afford a commanding and delightful view of the harbour and of the surrounding populous region. The harbour is remarkably deep, capacious and safe, but its entrance is narrow. This city is celebrated for its literary, religious and humane institutions, richly endowed, and creditable to the citizens. The population is about 62,000, or one tenth of the population of the state. Salem is a pleasant and wealthy town 14 miles N. E. from Boston, the second commercial place in N. England, and distinguished for its East India trade. Pop. 14,000. Charlestown, near Boston, is next in population, which is nearly 9,000. Newburyport is the third in commerce. Pop. 6,400. Marblehead, Beverly, Gloucester, New-Bedford and Nantucket, are celebrated for enterprise in the fisheries, and the three last of these towns contain each between 7 and 8,000 inhabitants. Troy, Waltham, Lynn,,

Springfield, and especially Lowell on the Merrimack, are distin guished as manufacturing towns, the 3 latter having each a population of between 6 and 7,000. Cambridge and Taunton separately, have 6,000 people, and the former is celebrated as the seat of Harvard University, the oldest and richest of the colleges in the Union, having 24 instructors, and a library of 35,000 volumes. At Williamstown in the N. W. corner of the state, is Williams college, highly respectable and flourishing. Amherst is a pleasant and healthy town, and contains the collegiate Institution, a seminary of recent date, but of an interesting and promising character. Andover, 20 miles N. of Boston, has 4,500 inhabitants, and is distinguished as the seat of Philips Academy, the most flourishing in the state, and also, of a Theological seminary of the highest respectability. Plymouth, 36 miles S. E. of Boston, is the oldest town in N. England, it being the place where the Pilgrim Fathers, in number 101, first landed and established a colony, Dec. 22, 1620. The rock on which they landed, has been removed from the sea shore into the centre of the town, and the anniversary of this interesting event is here still celebrated. Massachusetts embraces 80 academies and high schools, 790 school districts; but this state is destitute of a school fund. Works of internal improvement are going on. Several rail road companies have recently been incorporated. Three important canals have been completed, or nearly so, viz.: Middlesex canal, between the Merrimack and Boston; Blackstone canal, between Worcester and Providence; and Farmington canal, between Northhampton and New-Haven. There are 491 Congregational churches, with 423 ordained ministers, of whom, 118 are Unitarians. There are also many Baptists and Methodist churches.

QUESTIONS.

[See the Map of New England.]

What are the boundaries of Massachusetts? Its general character or description? Its sq. mils and pop.? The number of its counties and towns? What bays and capes on the coast? What 2 islands on the south east ? What great river passes through it from the north, and what 3 counties are intersected by this river? What range of mountains crosses the west part, and what county lies beyond it? What river rises in Berkshire county, and runs south into Connecticut? What river in the north east corner of the state, and what county? In what part of the state are Middlesex and Norfolk counties? What large county in the interior west of them? In what county is Boston? Ans. Suffolk. What 2 counties are islands? What county is a peninsula south of Cape Cod bay? What 2 counties lie west of Cape Cod bay?

What is said of the surface of Massachusetts? Of the climate? Of the soil? Of the lands on the rivers? Of the chief agricultural products? In what valuable stones does the state abound? How are the manufactures described? The sea ports? The fisheries and the foreign trade? What is said of general education here? Of the literary institutions? Of the humane and benevolent institutions? What is the capital? What are the situation, pop. and description of Boston!

Which way from it is Salem, and how described? Where are Charlestown and Newburyport, and what is said of them? Which way from Boston are Marblehead, Beverly, Gloucester, New Bedford and Nantucket? For what are they celebrated, and which of them have above 7,000 people each? Where are Lynn, Springfield and Lowell, and for what distinguished, and how populous? Which way from Boston are Taunton and Cambridge, and how populous? What university at Cambridge, and how described? Where is Williamstown, and what of its college? What is the description of Amherst and its collegiate Institution? Where is Andover, and for what distinguished? Where is Plymouth, and for what celebrated? What is said of the academies and schools in this state? Of works of internal improvement? Of rail-road companies? Where are the Middlesex, the Blackstone and Farmington canals? What is said of the religious denominations in this state?

Extent, 1,200 sq. ms.-Pop. 98,000.-81 per sq. m.

Rhode Island is the smallest, but in proportion to its size, the most manufacturing state in the Union. It also excels in commerce but not generally in agriculture. The climate is healthy and delightful. The southern portion of the state is a sandy plain, and the western and northern parts are hilly, rocky and unproductive; but the shores and islands of Nantucket Bay, are celebrated for their beauty and fertility, and have been called the garden of New England. They abound in the productions common in Massachusetts. Large flocks of sheep and many fine cattle are here produced. The island of Rhode Island, which gives name to the state, is about 15 miles long. It has a pleasant situation and most salubrious climate, and invalids and travellers have often resorted to it as a kind of Eden. This state is divided into 5 counties, con

taining 31 towns, of which, Providence, Newport, Scituate, Warwick, Smithfield, Bristol and Kingston, are among the most populous and important. Providence, the capital, is handsomely situated on Providence river, at the head of Narraganset Bay, with a fine harbour, and embracing, a population of 17,000, chiefly employed in commerce and manufactures, and rapidly increasing in wealth. It is also noted as the seat of Brown University. The flourishing manufacturing village of Pawtucket at Pawtucket Falls, is included within the limits of Providence.

Newport, on Rhode Island, is one of the most commodious places for shipping in the United States, but its commerce has in a measure declined. Pop 8,000. Scituate is a manufacturing town, 12 miles West of Providence, containing nearly 7,000 people. Warwick is 10 miles S. W. of Providence, embracing extensive cotton factories, and a pop. of 5,500. The population of Smithfield is about 4,000, and that of Coventry, Bristol, Cumberland and South Kingston, between 3 and 4,000. Common education has been comparatively neglected in Rhode Island, but of late the laws respecting it are more favourable and encouraging. There are several flourishing academies, and about 700 schools. The Baptists are the prevailing religious denomination. The settlement of this state was commenced at Providence in the year 1636, by Roger Williams, who, with 5 associates, left Massachusetts on account of their religious opinions.

QUESTIONS.

How would you bound the state of Rhode Island? What large and beautiful bay waters it on the east? What large island in this bay giving name to the state? What island in the Atlantic, south of this state, belonging to it? What are the extent and pop. of R. Island? The number of counties and towns? What 3 counties west of the bay? What county comprehends the isle of R. Island, and that part of the state east of the bay? Ans. Newport. What small county north of the bay? Ans. Bristol. In what does this state chiefly excel? What is said of the climate? Of the soil on the south, and on the west and north? How are the islands of Narraganset Bay described? In what products do they abound?

How long is the island of R. Island, and how described? How is Providence described? Newport? Scituate? Warwick? Smithfield? Where are Bristol and Warren? What is the pop. of Coventry, Bristol, Cumberland, and South Kingston? What rivers run into Narraganset bay? What canal connects Providence with Worcester in Massachusetts ? What is said of common education in this state? When and by whom was the settlement of R. Island commenced?

Extent, 4,700 sq. miles.-Pop. nearly 300,000.-64 per sq. mile. Connecticut is a small, uneven, but fertile state; with an enlightened and industrious population, composed chiefly of farmers, manufacturers, mechanics and merchants, and distinguished for their civil, literary and religious privileges. It enjoys a healthy climate, though subject to frequent and sudden changes of weather. The soil, generally, is good, and capable of rewarding the faithful labours of the husbandman. The common productions are similar to those of Massachusetts and other New-England states. The meadow and arable lands, along the valley of the Connecticut, as far south as Middletown, are scarcely surpassed in beauty and richness by any in the Union.

The principal rivers, are Connecticut, Thames and Housatonic, emptying into Long Island Sound. The Connecticut is above 400 miles in length, and is the great river of New England. It rises near the borders of Canada, divides New Hampshire from Vermont, and intersects the states Massachusetts and Connecticut, winding through a long, rich and pleasant valley, and is one of the most beautiful and fertilizing streams in America.

The people of this state, as a community, are celebrated for ingenuity, general information, industry and good morals. Besides agriculture, manufactures of various kinds extensively engage their attention. Their commerce is considerable, and is carried