coloured people, from this country, have already emigrated and where they have been placed, in a respectable and promising sit

uation.

The number of Indians within the territory of the U. States, is estimated at about 3 or 400,000; of which, rising of 200,000, are thought to be contained in the Valley of the Mississippi, belonging to 50 or 60 different tribes. As to the number or description of the natives in the Territory of Oregon, little is known; it is supposed they may amount to 80 or 100,000. The most of the native tribes in the country still remain in their original state of savages and are allowed to retain their lands and their independence, and to regulate themselves by their own laws and customs, so far as they conduct peaceably toward the Government of the U. States. The tribes, best known to the whites, and most civilized, are the Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, and Seminoles, still residing, in number about 50,000, within the limits of Tennessee, N. Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Florida. The number of the Creeks remaining there, is 20,000; of the Choctaws, 12,000, and of the Cherokees, 11,000. Many from these tribes have already removed, and others are expected soon to remove, to the other side of the Mississippi, to the regions W. of Arkansas and Missouri, where the General Government has purchased 100 millions of acres for their accommodation. The tribes

Interview between the President, Black Hawk and the Prophet.

above named, except the Cherokees, have already sold to the U. States their native lands, and are contemplating a general remo

val. The Cherokees have made very considerable advances in civilization, are connected with the whites, and resemble them in their dress and modes of living. Many among them are men of learning and wealth, and are friendly to literary and christian institutions. The remnants of Indian tribes in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, have nearly all, exchanged their lands in those states, for other lands on the W. of the Mississippi, to which, they are preparing to emigrate. Some of the most noted tribes beyond that river, are the Sioux, Osages, Pawanees, Ricarees and Mandans. Of these, the Sioux is the predominant tribe. Their number is estimated at about 25,000, and they are, in character, remarkably ferocious and warlike. They often sally forth in their savage excursions, like wild Arabs, and are a common terror among the more peaceable or less powerful tribes. The Pawanees are of similar character. Many of the Western Indians, in their excursions, are mounted on wild horses, taken from the immense herds, which range over the prairies in those regions.

QUESTIONS.

How much larger is the pop. of the United States, now, than it was 56 years ago? Of what 3 classes is the pop. composed? What is the number of Whites? Of what descent are they, generally? What is said of the Irish? Of the Dutch and Germans? In what parts of the United States, are the French and Spanish numerous? What is the number of coloured people in the Union? How many of them are slaves? In what states is slavery allowed? In what states are the pop. more than half slaves? In which, are they more than a third? What is said of the treatment and condition of the slaves? What society in particular has been established for the benefit of the people of colour, in the Union? What Colony has been established for them? How many Indians in the United States? How many in the valley of the Mississippi? How many in Oregon? Which tribes, in the United States, are the most civilized, and what is their number and place of residence? How many Creeks? Choctaws? Cherokees? To what parts, have many from these tribes, removed? How are the Cherokees described? Do the Indians expect to remove from Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois? What noted tribes are there west of the Mississippi? Which is the most powerful?

GENERAL DESCRIPTION.

PART FOURTH.

OCCUPATIONS. AGRICULTURE. MANUFACTURES. COMMERCE. EDUCATION. COLLEGES. SCHOOLS. The most common interests and pursuits of the people of the U. States, are agricultural. The cultivators of the soil, on the N., are called farmers; toward the S., planters. The farms in the Northern States, are usually not large; and in the cultivation of them, the owners are obliged to apply their personal and assiduous labors. The Southern plantations generally consist of larger tracts of land, and are cultivated almost entirely by the labor of

slaves. The people of the S. peculiarly, are engaged in agricultural business. Their active commerce is comparatively limited, for the want of good harbours; and they have but few, large manufacturing establishments, on account of the small number of their ingenious mechanical laborers. Such is the ignorance of the slaves, they can be more profitably employed in raising crops, than in curious manufacturing employments. The people of the West, not only cultivate the soil on a large scale, and raise vast quantities of live stock, but some among them are enterprising and flourishing manufacturers. Others, exhibit a remarkably active and adventurous spirit, as traders and merchants. In many instances there, the farmer and the trader are blended in one and the same person. He raises large quantities of wheat, corn, rye, oats, cider, apples, beef, pork, &c. and going on board of a boat, with his property, he proceeds himself, to some profitable market; perhaps to N. Orleans, by way of the Ohio and the Mississippi, or to N. York, by way of the lakes and the Erie canal. Or, if he has much live stock to dispose of, as hogs, sheep, cattle and horses, he cheerfully undertakes the charge of them, in his own person, over the Alleghany mountains, it may be five or six hundred miles, to some of the Atlantic or Eastern towns. With men of the Western genius and education, long journeys and voyages, in the pursuit of business and wealth, are very common; being inured to hardship from childhood, they are comparatively little daunted, when called to great undertakings, privations and fatigues. Their time is chiefly spent, and their characteristic energies are developed, in subduing the forests, in erecting log cabins or more comfortable dwellings, in fencing and cultivating the soil, taking care of their crops and cattle, going and returning from distant markets, excavating canals, building steam boats, and other vessels, clearing out and navigating the rivers, climbing the rocks and mountains and penetrating into exhaustless mines of coal, iron and lead. Others, in the characters of hunters and trappers, make a business of entrapping the beaver, and pursuing the fox, deer and buffaloe, to procure skins and furs, for the fur traders. Manufactures and commerce, in our country, are extensively flourishing and increasing in interest, especially in the middle and northern sections. The U. States is the second commercial nation in the world. And almost all the arts, sciences and branches of enterprise, common in enlightened and christian countries, are here, to a great extent, diligently and successfully pursued. The privileges of common education and of religious instruction, are the most extensively enjoyed, in N. York and N. England. In N. York, Connecticut, Mass. and Maine, the pupils in common schools, constitute about one fourth of the whole population. In N. England at large, the population is esti

mated at one fifth. In Penn. and N. Jer., one eighth; and in Illinois only one thirteenth. The number of Colleges in the U. States is not far from 60, of which the two most venerable are Harvard University at Cambridge, and Yale College at New

Flaven. The former has stood nearly 200 years; is furnished with libraries amounting in all, to about 40,000 volumes, contains 236 academical students, and has educated from the first, about 5,685 individuals. The latter, has been standing 132 years, contains 17,500 volumes in its several libraries, has given an education to 4,600 youth, and embraces, at present, 354 students, besides 49 theological, and 31 law students. Others of the American Colleges are highly respectable and flourishing, and they are exerting, in co-operation with many academies, and more than 20 Theological Seminaries, an extensive and happy influence upon the literary and religious interests of the Union. The whole number of undergraduates or academical students now in the U. States; is estimated at 3,475, besidés about 700 students in Theology, and 2,000 in Medicine. Massachusetts excels all the other states, in the number of academical and other students which she has, in proportion to her population, it being about one student to 792 inhabitants; Connecticut has one to 960; N. England in general, has one to 1,120. The Middle States have one student to 1,850 inhabitants; the Southern States, one to 2,600; the Western States, one to 3,500; and the U. States on an average, one to 2,000. Literature and the Arts are by no means so richly patroni

sed, in this country, as in Europe; nor are our opportunities so favorable, for profound scientific research. The number of the literati, or men of professed erudition and philosophy, who spend life in the mere pursuits of learning, is here comparatively small. But the great body of the people, in the U. States, is far more enlightened and better informed, enjoying more perfectly the privileges of common school instruction, than any of the European nations. In many portions of our community, an adult person, unable to read, is viewed as a rare and strange object, exciting curiosity and compassion. And so liberal and wide is the circulation of newspapers, tracts, almanacs, and literary periodicals, and so numerous the libraries, adapted to every age and capacity, that, with the exception of the new settlements, there is here scarcely any want of books to peruse, or any deficiency, in the means of popular information. That a free people, in order to retain their freedom, should be distinguished for enlightened minds and virtuous habits, is a principle, more generally felt, inculcated and acted on, in this, than in any other nation on the globe. Still, there is room for continually progressing improvements, and full scope for all the exertions of the wise and benevolent, in disseminating the seeds of knowledge and true religion. It is estimated that there are now, in the Valley of the Mississippi, 30 Colleges and 10 Theological Seminaries in operation, and about 300 newspapers published weekly, and that more than 700 are published in the Atlantic States.

QUESTIONS.

What is the most common occupation of the people of the U. States? What is said of the farms in the Northern States? What of the Southern plantations? Why is commerce not so flourishing in the S. States? Why are their manufactures less? What is the business of the people of the W.? What are some of the products of their farms? Whither do they often go to market? How can they get to N. Orleans? In what two or three ways can they go to N. York with produce? In what parts of the Union are manufactures and commerce most flourishing? In what parts are the blessings of common education most enjoyed? What is said of the number of pupils in school, compared with the whole population in N. York and Conn. &c. ? In N. Eng.? In Penn.? In Illinois? About what number of Colleges in the U. States, and which two are the oldest? What is said of Harvard University? Of Yale College? How many collegiate or academical students in the U. States? Which State gives a liberal education to the greatest proportion of her population? What is the proportion in Conn. ? What in N. Eng.? What in the Middle States ? What in the Southern? What in the Western? What in the U. States at large? Is literature as well patronised in this country as it is in Europe? Is the number of very learned men as large in the U. States? Are the common people in this country, far better educated and more informed than in Europe? Is it peculiarly necessary that a free people should be enlightened and virtuous, in order to retain their liberties?