Toogoo. Hold! avast!

To dye; toogoo coola,

to stain red.

Toogooanga. The end, or ter

remain.

Toonga. A sign of the plural number of animated beings. Toonga mea. A number of people.

To broil.

mination (of happiness or mi-Toonga váë. The ankle-joint.
sery). A place where any Toonoo.
thing is kept, or suffered to Too-oo. To get up, get up.
Too-ooloo. To decapitate.
Toopa. A window, or small
opening in a house; a hole
in the fencing of a fortified
place to discharge arrows
through.
Tootanga. A block, a large

Toogooanga-gele. A quagmire.
Toogooloá. For a long time.
Toogoo-oota. Inland.
Toogoo-y-be. Be it so.
Tooboo. The forefinger, to
point with the finger.
Tooi. A chief, or tributary go-
vernor of an island, or district.
A kind of club.

piece or slice of any thing. Tootanga-aców. A log of wood. Tootanga-oofii. A large piece of yam.

Tootoó. To cut, to cut off, to

prune.

Tootoo-ooloo. To behead.
Tootoó. A chisel.
Toótoo. Heat, ignition; to
burn, kindle, boil.
Toótoo. The bark of the Chinese
paper mulberry tree.

Tootoóë. Thin, emaciated.
Tootooloo. Dropping off, or out
of (as a fluid): to be perme-
able to water, as the roof of
a house when the rain drops
through.
Too-ý. Dilatory, slow.
Totoca. Slow, softly, quietly.
Totoca-ange. Slowly, softly.
Totolo. To crawl, to grovel.
Totonoo. Manifest, clear,
straight, in a row, upright.
Totónooági. Minutely.

Toty'.

A sailor, a fisherman. To fish.

Tow. War, an army, a battle by land, the enemy, to wage war, to invade, in a state of

war.

Tow. The end of any thing.

Tów-tów. To hang.

Tow-mooli. The stern of a ves- Tow-tow-bifo. Dependent,

sel.

Tow-mooa. The stem of a ves

sel.

Tow. The year, a season, the
prodnce of a season.
Fit, to suit.

To barter, to trade.
To excern, or squeese out.
To reach, or extend to.
To meet one's expecta-
tion of profit in the act of bar-
tering, or trading (the same
as toia).

The pronoun plural, we
(only used when the person
spoken to is included).
Tow-alla. Toluff, to bring a ves-
sel's head nearer to the wind,
Towalo. To row, or to paddle.
Tówbé. Annual.
Towbotoo. Nearly adjoining,
border, boundary,
Towbotoo gihena. On that side.
Towbotoo giheni. On this side.
Towbotoo-my. Hithermost.
Towhotoo-ange. Thithermost.
Towfa. A squall of wind, a gale.
Tow-falle. A besom, a broom.
Towgete. The first born, either

male or female.
Tow-hifo. To hang over.
Towla. An anchor, a cable.
Towlanga. An anchorage.
Tówmátów. To fish.

Towmoon. The prow of a ship,

or canoe.

hanging down,

A religious ceremony so called, (an offering to the god of weather.) Tow-tow. To wring as a sponge. Tówtówoonga. A circular flat piece of wood, surrounding the middle of the string, by which the oil baskets hang, so as to prevent rats getting to the basket. Twawfa. A heath, a common. Twenga. Remainder (from toe anga). Twinga. Awreath (as of flowers), a string (of beads).

Va.

V

A piece (applied to wood, or trees).

Va aców. A piece of wood.
Vaca. A ship, vessel, or canoe.
Vaca foccatoo. A small canoe.
Vaca-fawha. A boil.
Vaca vaca.

The side of a man,

or any animal,
Vacca-vacký. Careful, cautious.
Vacký. To heed, to inspect, to
search, to be provident. In-
terjection, look! behold! lo!
Aloo vacky'. To proceed care-
fully, to go circumspectly.
Vacy-ange. With circumspec-
tion.

Vacoo. To claw, to scratch.
Váë. The foot, leg, paw, mark.

Tow-mooli. The stern of a ves- Vahe. To parcel, to divide.

sel, astern.

Tow-ooa. The dual number of
the pronoun tow.
Towtéä. To chide, reproof.
Tow-toloo. The plural number
(in contradistinction to the
dual) of the pronoun tow.

To separate, or be separated, as two combatants. Parted from. Vaheanga. Division, separation. Vaky'. Gathers, to plait, or gather; also a double garment of plaited gnatoo.

SURGICAL SKILL

OF

THE TONGA ISLANDERS.

HAVING already given an account of the state of religion and morals in the Tonga Islands, we shall now proceed to develope their Surgical Skill, the next most important feature of useful knowledge to which they have arrived. The remedies to which generally they have recourse in order to effect cures, may very safely be ranked under these three heads, viz. invocation, sacrifice, and external operations. As to internal remedies, they sometimes use infusions of a few plants, which, however, pro. duce no sensible effect, either upon the system or upon the disease, and we may readily conceive in how little esteem such remedies are held, when the king's daughter, whose life so great pains were taken to preserve, took none of them, nor did any one propose them. The idea of giving infusions was first taken from the natives of the Fiji Islands, who have the repute of being skilful in the management of internal remedies: and though almost all the surgical operations known and practised at the Tonga Islands have avowedly been borrowed from the same source, and followed up with a considerable degree of skill and success, the Tonga people have generally failed in the former; and for the cure of constitutional ailments depend upon the mercy of the gods, without any interference on their own parts, except in the way of invocation and sacrifice. In such a state of things, it would be natural to suppose that they frequently make use of charms, amulets, &c. to assist in the cure; but this, however, is never done, for they have not the most distant idea of this sort of superstition, which prevails so much over almost all the world, even in the most civilized countries. The natives of the Sandwich Islands, however, appear to have a knowledge of some medicines, but whether from original discoveries of their own, or from the information of Europeans, Mr Mariner could not obtain any information from those natives who were with him at Vavaoo. One of these Sandwich Islers (a petty chief) professed some knowledge of the healing it so happened that Mr Mariner was once the subject of

his skill. Feeling himself much indisposed by a disordered state of the stomach and bowels, attended with headach and drowsiness, this Sandwich Islander proposed to give him some internal remedies, whilst a native of Tonga, on the other hand, very much wanted him to lose some blood, (by scarification with shells on the arms, legs, &c.) The remedies proposed by the former were an emetic and a cathartic. The cathartic consisted chiefly of the sweet potato grated, and the juice of the sugarcane; to this, however, was added the juice of some other vegetable substance, with which Mr Mariner was not acquainted. The emetic consisted of two infusions, one of certain leaves, and the other of a particular root, both unknown to him. The Sandwich Islander informed him that the root was necessary to counteract the effect of the leaves, which was very powerful, and might, in a large dose, and without such addition, kill him. Upon this discouraging information, the native of Tonga, with his scarifying shells, redoubled his persuasions, ridiculed the remedies of the other, and, on understanding what effect they would have, laughed most heartily at the idea of curing a sick man by means which would make a healthy man sick. The remedies of the surgeon, however, were not more agreeable than those of the physician, and the patient was at a loss to know to whose care he should entrust his health; when the latter signified his intention of taking some of his own physic, which was the best proof he could possibly give of his confidence in it. Two equal doses were accordingly prepared; the patient took one, and the doctor took the other. The cathartic was first given, and the emetic about an hour afterwards. The latter operated in about another hour, and the former, in conjunction with it, in about two hours and a half. They both evinced abundant evidence of their respective properties, and the following morning Mr Mariner found himself perfectly well; which happy result the man who wanted to bleed him could by no means attribute to the remedies he had taken! The Sandwich Islander, notwithstanding he was much laughed at, particularly about his cathartics, obtained at length a considerable share of credit for his skill. Finow took his remedies twice with very good effect, which encouraged some others to try; but as these circumstances took place only a short time before Mr Mariner left, and consequently only a few trials had been made, we ought not to speak of them as constituting the medical knowledge of the Tonga people. As this Sandwich Island chief, however, was a man of considerable judgment, and, as Mr Mariner has every reason to think, a good observer, we indulge the hope that no ill success, at an early period, has destroyed confidence in the adoption of two such useful remedies.