others of his class to have been invented by them for the purpose of pleasing their employers, such as we may well believe that which he relates of Dr. Griffith Roberts, to the effect that he spoke to him of plots and treasons against the Queen of England, in language which might "move a heart of adamant". His statement, therefore, that Dr. Roberts was St. Charles' confessor, and lodged in his palace, perhaps may require confirmation, but there is nothing improbable in the short account, at least, which he gives of his reception at Milan in these words:-" From thence (viz., Lyons) we went to Millaine; where, in the Cardinall Borromeo's palace, we found the lodging of a Welshman, named doctor Robert Griffin; a man there had in good account, and confessor to the aforesaid cardinall. By him we were very courteously entertained, and sent to the house of an English priest in the city named Maister Harries, who likewise bestowed on us very gentle acceptaunce; as also three English gentlemen who lay in his house." In the prefatory notice of another work by Dr. Roger Smith, which will be referred to presently, he states that Dr. Griffith Roberts was Canon Theologian in the Cathedral Church at Milan, which so far is corroborative of the probability of Munday's assertion.

Now, with regard to the Athrawaeth, it will have been naturally supposed that, because Dr. Roger Smith refers to the work as having been printed and published at Milan, where Dr. Gr. Roberts resided, Dr. Roberts is therefore to be also accredited with its authorship. This would, however, be an entirely erroneous supposition; for, in the first place, Dr. Smith has himself abstained from making any such assertion; and, secondly, the authorship is expressly disclaimed in his preface to that work, by Dr. Roberts himself. It commences with an address to Dr. Morris Clynog, in these words:"Gruphyd fab Rhobert yn annerch yr hyparch brelad, ai dibal (for ddiball) gynheiliad M. Morys Clynoc: ag

yn erchi ido gan duu, gynnyd, ras a deduduch enaid, a chorph.

Griffith, son of Robert, greeting the Right Reverend Prelate, and his unfailing supporter, Master Morys Clynog: and beseeching for him from God increase, grace, and happiness of soul and body." And he procceds as follows, in words of which it will be necessary to give a translation only:" After I had read your book of Christian Instruction, and seen therein, as it were, the germ of every point that might be serviceable to a Christian, for the saving of his soul, made by God after His own image and likeness, which Christ has purchased with His precious Blood: my heart was rejoiced to see so precious a treasure in the Welsh language; the need being so great of direction in the way of Christ generally among our countrymen and the children. crying for bread (as the prophet cries out), with no one that will break and give it to them, except it be poisoned. Wherefore, since you have gathered together, and arranged so methodically and clearly so many flowers, and saving points of doctrine, to direct one who should desire to know the office and duty of a perfectly faithful (perpheithgred) Christian, to learn what will gain Heaven, what will cast a man into hell, what will please God, and what will anger Him: the filthiness of sin, and the excellence of virtue; I had no heart to do otherwise than to cause it to be printed: that others, who stand in need of such spiritual sustenance, may be partakers of the banquet which you have prepared for them. I hope that, when it comes into the hands of religious Welshmen, it will do them much benefit, by directing them to Paradise, and turning them from the road to Hell. My heart is filled with pity when I think how many children throughout the land of Wales, of excellent ability, and disposition for being excellent men, failing, and taking an ungodly path for want of being directed in learning from their childhood, and being brought up in the practice of

morality. The greatest cause of this is the want of books that treat of the like knowledge. But now you have given them, in a few pages, assistance and help against this need. For in this book of yours they will be taught easily, in a little time, and with little help, and at less cost, the things that are necessary both for old and young to know. For who is he that shall be able to say that he is a Christian, unless he knows how he is to believe in Christ, what he is to hope from Him, and what He has commanded him to keep; what He has forbidden him to do, what will gain reward, and what will deserve punishment? So that when the Welshmen who love their souls consider how indispensable these things are, and how easy to learn, by reading this treatise, they will abandon their slothful sitting at ease, and their embittering obscenity, and their light carousing (unless they are drowned in the filthiness of sin), and will devote themselves to learn spiritual things, profitable to the soul. And this they will find in no other spot in the world, so short, so orderly, so clear to be understood, as in this book of yours. For it was impossible to be comprised in fewer words, and arranged more lucidly, and to have so many points more appropriately presented, or of so deep a signification; so that the children and the women may understand them happily throughout Wales, if they continue in every church attending the service, hearing the Mass; at home, amidst the family, to divert the time, and in every assembly to comfort the people, to read these or the like sentences, and put away old idle tales, and lying, flattering poems. But freely will the Holy Ghost give grace to them to receive instruction, as He gave it to you to write to them. I will send this among them, beseeching God, in every prayer that I make, to prepare their hearts to receive instruction, and to give you also strength to write more for profit to Christians, and glory to God.

(From the town of Milan, Eve of St. Nicholas.)"

The date of the year appears in another colophon at the end of the book, "Ymylen. 1568. dyuguyl. S. Nicolas." At Milan, 1568, Feast of S. Nicholas.

The author, Dr. Morris Clynog, was, for a short time, the Rector of the English College at Rome. About the year 1576, Pope Gregory XIII had designed to combine the ancient English hospital for pilgrims, which had been founded by Ethelwolf, one of our Anglo-Saxon kings, and father of Alfred the Great, with a new college or seminary for students, destined to work and suffer for the preservation of the ancient Catholic faith in England; and in the course of three years, twenty-two students had been sent to it from the University at Douai, by Cardinal Allen. In 1578, Dr. Maurice Clynog was elected warden of the English hospital, and appointed by the Pope rector of the seminary. Canon Williams, in his Dictionary of Eminent Welshmen, quoting the Athenæ Oxonienses of Anthony A. Wood, tells us that he had been admitted B.C.L. of the University of Oxford in 1548; "he obtained the sinecure rectory of Corwen, in Merionethshire, in 1556; and was made prebendary of York, and an officer in the Prerogative Court, under Cardinal Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury. Not long after the death of Dr. William Glynn, Bishop of Bangor, who died in May 1558, Queen Mary nominated him to succeed in this See; but she dying before he was consecrated thereto, he, with Goldwell, Bishop of St. Asaph, fled beyond the sea". From the "Historical Introduction", by Dr. Thomas Francis Knox, of the London Oratory, to the Records of the English Catholics under the Penal Laws, published in London in 1878, "chiefly from the Archives of the See of Westminster", we learn that at Christmas, 1578, the Pope issued a brief, commanding all the old chaplains to depart within fifteen days, and assigning all the rents of the hospital to the new college. On February 18, 1579, it contained forty-two students.

"But (proceeds Dr. Knox) the prosperity of these early days was soon interrupted by internal dissensions, and the new foundation was in great danger of perishing in its infancy. The cause of this was the national rivalry and jealousy of the English and Welsh students. To govern a college, which contained members of these two nations, required the greatest prudence and impartiality. Unfortunately, the rector, Dr. Maurice Clenock, was deficient in both these qualities. He was, according to Allen, a very honest and friendly man, and a great advancer of the students' and seminary's cause. But he was a Welshman, and the English students considered that he showed undue favour to his own countrymen. 'He had admitted there', Allen says (in a letter to Dr. Owen Lewis, another Welshman) 'sent for and called for two up to the seminary. . some of his own country folks and friends, for age, quality and institution, unfit for the study and the seminary. The English in the college were thirty-three, or more, to seven Welshmen. Murmurs and complaints were heard among them, until, at last, they broke out in open mutiny, and declared to the Cardinal, their protector, and the Pope, that they would leave Rome in a body, and beg their way home, if necessary, unless some other rector were appointed in Dr. Clenock's place.""

.....

On April 23rd of that year his successor was appointed. We are not concerned here to enter into the merits of the question raised by the English students of the College, which certainly bears very much the appearance of a “tempest in a teapot", or a molehill exaggerated to the dimensions of a mountain. It may, however, be observed that Dr. Maurice would appear to have met with but scant justice, and this view of the matter would seem to be borne out by that of the Pope, and the Cardinal Protector of the College, who at first did all in their power to repress the movement, and