« A superb camel, ornamented with strings and tufts projecting from their prows and sides, to prevent their of small shells."-ALI BEY.

from Casiri's Biblioth. Arab. Hispan, in the Appendix to
Berington's Literary History of the Middle Ages.
Note 61, page 19, col. 2.

Discharge, as from a kindled naptha fount.

See HANWAY'S Account of the Springs of Naphtha at Baku (which is called by Lieutenant Pottinger Joala Mookhee, or the Flaming Mouth), taking fire and running into the sea. Dr COOKE, in his Journal, mentions some wells in Circassia, strongly impregnated with this inflammable oil, from which issues boiling water. Though the weather, he adds, was now very cold, the warmth of these wells of hot water produced near them the verdure and flowers of spring."

the feathers of the humma, according to the practice of his family." WILKS'S South of India. He adds in a note: The humma is a fabulous bird. The head over which its shadow once passes will assuredly be circled with a crown. The splendid little bird, suspended over the throne of Tippoo Sultaun, found at Seringapatam in 1799, was intended to represent this poetical fancy. Note 66, page 23, col. 2.

Whose words, like those on the Written Mountain, last for ever.

To the pilgrims to Mount Sinai we must attribute the inscriptions, figures, etc. on those rocks, which have from thence acquired the name of the Written Mountain.VOLNEY. M. Gebelin and others have been at

Major SCOTT WARING says that naptha is used by the much pains to attach some mysterious and important Persians, as we are told it was in hell, for lamps.

Many a row

Of starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed
With naptha and asphaltus, yielded light
As from a sky.

Note 62, page 21, col. 1.

Thou seest yon cistern in the shade-'t is fill'd

With burning drugs, for this last hour distill'd.

Il donna du poison dans le vin à tous ses gens, et se jeta lui-même ensuite dans une cuve pleine de drogues brûlantes et consumantes, afin qu'il ne restàt rien de tous les membres de son corps, et que ceux qui restaient de sa secte pussent croire qu'il était monté au ciel, ce qui ne manqua pas d'arriver.»-D'HERBELOT.

Note 63, page 22, col. 1.

To eat any mangoes but those of Mazagong was, of course, impossible.
The celebrity of Mazagong is owing to its mangoes,
which are certainly the best fruit I ever tasted. The
parent tree, from which all those of this species have
been grafted, is honoured during the fruit season by a
guard of
sepoys; and, in the reign of Shah Jehan, cou-
riers were stationed between Delhi and the Mahratta
coast, to secure an abundant and fresh supply of man-
goes for the royal table.—Mrs GRAHAM's Journal of a

Residence in India.

Note 64, page 22, col. I.

His fine antique porcelain.

meaning to these inscriptions; but Niebuhr, as well as Volney, thinks' that they must have been executed at idle hours by the travellers to Mount Sinai, who were satisfied with cutting the unpolished rock with any pointed instrument; adding to their names and the date of their journeys some rude figures which bespeak the hand of a people but little skilled in the arts. » — NIEBUHR

That Flower-loving Nymph, whom they worship in the temples of
Kathay.

This old porcelain is found in digging, and if it is According to Father Premare, in his tract on Chiesteemed, it is not because it has acquired any new denese Mythology, the mother of Fo-hi was the daughter gree of beauty in the earth, but because it has retained of Heaven, surnamed Flower-loving; and as the nymph its ancient beauty; and this alone is of great importwas walking alone on the bank of a river, she found ance in China, where they give large sums for the small-herself encircled by a rainbow, after which she became est vessels which were used under the emperors Yan and Chun, who reigned many ages before the dynasty of Tang, at which time porcelain began to be used by the Emperors (about the year 442). DUNN's Collection of Curious Observations, etc.-a bad translation of some parts of the Lettres Edifiantes et Curieuses of the Missionary Jesuits.

Note 65, page 23, col. 1.

That sublime bird, which flies always in the air.

The Humma, a bird peculiar to the East. It is supposed to fly constantly in the air, and never touch the ground: it is looked upon as a bird of happy omen; and that every head it overshades will in time wear a crown.-RICHARDSON.

In the terms of alliance made by Fuzzel Oola Khan with Hyder, in 1760, one of the stipulations was, that he should have the distinction of two honorary attendants standing behind him, holding fans composed of

pregnant, and, at the end of twelve years, was delivered of a son radiant as herself.-Asiat. Res.

Note 70, page 24, col. 1.

On the blue flower, which-Bramins say-
Blooms no where but in Paradise.

The Brahmins of this province insist that the blue Campac flowers only a Paradise. Sir W. JONES. It appears, however, from a curious letter of the Sultan of Menangcabow, given by Marsden, that one place on earth may lay claim to the possession of it. This is the sultan, who keeps the flower Champaka that is blue, and to be found in no other country but his, being yellow elsewhere.-MARSDEN's Sumatra.

Note 71, page 24, col. 1.

I know where the Isles of Perfume are. Diodorus mentions the Isle of Panchaia, to the south of Arabia Felix, where there was a temple of Jupiter.

This island, or rather cluster of isles, has disappeared, come down to cat human flesh in the dark in safety.»

sunk (says GRANDPRE) in the abyss made by the fire-BRUCE. beneath their foundations.-Voyage to the Indian

Ocean.

Note 72, page 24, col. 2.

Whose air is balm; whose ocean spreads
O'er coral rocks and amber beds; etc.

It is not like the Sea of India, whose bottom is rich with pearls and ambergris, whose mountains of the coast are stored with gold and precious stones, whose gulfs breed creatures that yield ivory, and among the plants of whose shores are ebony, red-wood, and the wood of Hairzan, aloes, camphor, cloves, sandal-wood, and all other spices and aromatics; where parrots and peacocks are birds of the forest, and musk and civet are collected upon the lands.—Travels of Two Mahom

Note 74, page 24, col. 2.

Tby monarchs and their thousand thrones,

. With this immense treasure Mamood returned to Ghisni, and, in the year 400, prepared a magnificent festival, where he displayed to the people his wealth in golden thrones and in other ornaments, in a great plain without the city of Ghizni. -FERISHTA.

Note 75, page 25, col. 1.

Blood like this,

Note 78, page 26, col. t.

But see,-who yonder comes.

This circumstance has been often introduced into poetry;-by Vincentius Fabricius, by Darwin, and lately with very powerful effect, by Mr Wilson.

Note 79, page 27, col. 1.

The wild bees of Palestine.

« Wild bees, frequent in Palestine, in hollow trunks Thus it or branches of trees, and the clefts of rocks. is said (Psalm 81), honey out of the stony rock.'» BenDER'S Oriental Customs.

!

. Such Turks as at the common hours of prayer are on the road, or so employed as not to find convenience For liberty shed, so holy is. to attend the Mosques, are still obliged to execute that Objections may be made to my use of the word li- duty; nor are they ever known to fail, whatever busiberty, in' this and more especially in the story that folness they are then about, but pray immediately when lows it, as totally inapplicable to any state of things the hour alarms them, whatever they are about, in that that has ever existed in the East; but though I cannot, very place they chance to stand on; insomuch that of course, mean to employ it in that enlarged and noble when a janissary, whom you have to guard you up and sense which is so well understood in the present day, down the city, hears the notice which is given him from ¦ and, I grieve to say, so little acted upon, yet it is no the steeples, he will turn about, stand still, and beckon disparagement to the word to apply it to that national with his hand, to tell his charge he must have patience independence, that freedom from the interference and for a while; when, taking out his handkerchief, he dictation of foreigners, without which, indeed, no li-spreads it on the ground, sits cross-legged thereupon, berty of any kind can exist, and for which both Hindoos and says his prayers, though in the open market, which and Persians fought against their Mussulman invaders having ended, he leaps briskly up, salutes the person with, in many cases, a bravery that deserved much bet-whom he undertook to convey, and renews his journey

ter success.

Note 76, page 25, col. 1.

Afric's Lunar Mountains.

. Sometimes called,» says JACKSON, Jibbel Kumrie, or the white or lunar-coloured mountains: so a white horse is called by the Arabians a moon-coloured horse,

Note 77, page 25, col. 2.

Only the fierce hyæna stalks
Throughout the city's desolate walks.

. Gondar was full of hyenas, from the time it turned dark till the dawn of day, secking the differeat pieces of slaughtered carcases which this cruel and unclean people expose in the streets without burial, and who firmly believe that these animals are Falashta from the neighbouring mountains, transformed by magic, and

with the mild expression of ghell ghonnum ghell, os, Come, dear, follow me.-AARON HILL'S Travels.

Note 83, page 29, col. 1.

The Banyan Hospital.

This account excited a desire of visiting the Banyan Hospital, as I had heard much of their benevolence to all kinds of animals that were either sick, lame, or infirm, through age or accident. On my arrival there were presented to my view many horses, cows, and oxen, in one apartment; in another dogs, sheep, goats, and monkeys, with clean straw for them to repose on. Above stairs were depositories for seeds of many sorts, and flat broad dishes for water, for the use of birds and insects. —PARSONS.

It is said that all animals know the Banyans, that

Note 86, page 29, col. 2.

passage

jessamines, and honeysuckles, make a sort of green wall; large trees are planted round this place, which is the scene of their greatest pleasures.»-Lady M. W. MONTAGU.

Note 93, page 31, col. 2.

Before their mirrors count the time.

The women of the East are never without their looking-glasses. «In Barbary,» says SHAW, « they are so fond of their looking-glasses, which they hang upon their breasts, that they will not lay them aside, even when, after the drudgery of the day, they are obliged to go two or three miles with a pitcher or a goat's skin to fetch water.»-Travels.

Waved plates of gold and silver flowers over their beads. In other parts of Asia they wear little looking-glasses «Or, rather, says Scorт, upon the on their thumbs. of Ferish« Hence (and from the lotus being ta, from which this is taken, small coin, stamped with considered the emblem of beauty) is the meaning of the the figure of a flower. They are still used in India to following mute intercourse of two lovers before their distribute in charity, and, on occasion, thrown by the parents. purse-bearers of the great among the populace.

Note 87, page 29, col. 2.

His delectable alley of trees.

This road is 250 leagues in length. It has «little pyramids or turrets,» says BERNIER, «< erected every half league, to mark the ways, and frequent wells to afford drink to passengers, and to water the young trees.»

Note 88, page 30, col. 1.

He with salute of deference due
A lotus to his forehead press'd;
She raised her mirror to his view,
Then turn'd it inward to her breast..
Asiatic Miscellany, vol. ii.

Note 94, page 32, col. 1.

The untrodden solitude

Of Ararat's tremendous peak.

STRUY says, << I can well assure the reader that their opinion is not true, who suppose this mount to be in

On the clear cold waters of which floated multitudes of the beauti- accessible.» He adds, that « the lower part of the

ful red lotus.

«Here is a large pagoda by a tank, on the water of

which float multitudes of the beautiful red lotus; the flower is larger than that of the white water-lily, and is the most lovely of the nymphæas I have seen.»-Mrs GRAHAM'S Journal of a Residence in India.

Note 89, page 3o, col. 2.

mountain is cloudy, misty, and dark, the middlemost part very cold and like clouds of snow, but the upper regions perfectly calm.» It was on this mountain that the Ark was supposed to have rested after the Deluge, and part of it, they say, exists there still, which Struy thus gravely accounts for: « Whereas none can remember that the air on the top of the hill did ever

Who, many bundred years since, had fled hither from their Arab change, or was subject either to wind or rain, which

conquerors.

«On les voit, persecutés par les Khalifes, se retirer dans les montagnes du Kerman: plusieurs choisirent pour retraite la Tartarie et la Chine; d'autres s'arrêterent sur les bords du Gange, à l'est de Delhi,»-M. ANQUETIL, Mémoires de l'Académie, tom. xxxi, p. 346.

Note go, page 30, col. 2.

As a native of Cashmere, which had in the same manner become the prey of strangers.

« Cashmere (say its historians) had its own Princes 4000 years before its conquest by Akbar in 1585. Akbar would have found some difficulty to reduce this paradise of the Indies, situated as it is, within such a fortress of mountains, but its monarch Yusef Khan was basely betrayed by his omrahs.»>-PENNANT.

Note 91, page 30, col. 2.
His story of the Fire-worshippers.

is presumed to be the reason that the ark has endured so long without being rotten.»> See CARRERI's Travels, where the Doctor laughs at this whole account of Mount Ararat,

Note 95, page 33, col. 2.

The Gheber belt that round him clung.

« Pour se distinguer des Idolatres de l'Inde, les Guèbres se ceignent tous d'un cordon de laine, ou du poil de chameau.»-Encyclopédie Française.

D'Herbelot says this belt was generally of leather.
Note 96, page 34, col. 1.

Who, morn and even,

Hail their Creator's dwelling-place

Among the living lights of heaven!

«As to fire, the Ghebers place the spring-head of it in that globe of fire, the Sun, by them called Mythras, or Mihir, to which they pay the highest reverence, in Voltaire tells us, that, in his tragedy «Les Guèbres,» gratitude for the manifold benefits flowing from its he was generally supposed to have alluded to the Jan-ministerial omniscience. But they are so far from consenists; and I should not be surprised if this story of the Fire-worshippers were found capable of a similar doubleness of application.

Note 92, page 31, col. 2.
Who, lull'd in cool kiosk or bower.

In the midst of the garden is the chiosk, that is, a large room, commonly beautified with a fine fountain in the midst of it. It is raised nine or ten steps, and inclosed with gilded, lattices, round which vines,

founding the subordination of the Servant with the majesty of its Creator, that they not only attribute no sort of sense or reasoning to the sun or fire, in any of its operations, but consider it as a purely passive blind instrument, directed and governed by the immediate impression on it of the will of God; but they do not even give that luminary, all glorious as it is, more than the second rank amongst his works, reserving the first for that stupendous production of divine power, the

mind of man.»-GROSE. The false charges brought | dous chain » of which I suppose it a link does not exagainst the religion of these people by their Mussulman tyrantsis but one proof among many of the truth of this writer's remark, «that calumny is often added to oppression, if but for the sake of justifying it.»

Note 97, page 34, col. 2.

tend quite so far as the shores of the Persian Gulf. «This long and lofty range of mountains formerly divided Media from Assyria, and now forms the boundary of the Persian and Turkish empires. It runs parallel with the river Tigris and Persian Gulf, and almost dis

That enchanted tree, which grows over the tomb of the musician appearing in the vicinity of Gomberoon (Harmozia),

Tan-Sein.

« Within the enclosure which surrounds this monu

ment (at Gualior) is a small tomb to the memory of Tan-Sein, a musician of incomparable skill, who flou

rished at the court of Akbar. The tomb is oversha dowed by a tree, concerning which a superstitious notion prevails, that the chewing of its leaves will give an extraordinary melody to the voice.»— Narrative of a Journey from Agra to Ouzein, by W. HUNTER, Esq.

Note 98, page 34, col. 2

The awful signal of the bamboo-staff.

« It is usual to place a small white triangular flag, fixed to a bamboo-staff of ten or twelve feet long, at the place where a tiger has destroyed a man. It is common for the passengers also to throw each a stone or brick near the spot, so that in the course of a little time, a pile equal to a good waggon-load is collected. The sight of these flags and piles of stones imparts a certain melancholy, not perhaps altogether void of apprehension.»> -Oriental Field Sports, vol. ii.

Note 99, page 34, col. 2.

Beneath the shade, some pious hands had erected, etc.

« The ficus Indica is called the Pagod Tree and Tree of Councils, the first from the Idols placed under its shade; the second, because meetings were held under its cool branches. In some places it is believed to be the haunt of spectres, as the ancient spreading oaks of Wales have been of fairies: in others are erected, beneath the shade, pillars of stone, or posts, elegantly carved and ornamented with the most beautiful porcelain to supply the use of mirrors.»—PENNANT.

Note 100, page 35, col. 1.

The nightingale now bends her flight.

<< The nightingale sings from the pomegranate-groves in the day-time, and from the loftiest trees at night.»— RUSSEL'S Aleppo.

Note 101, page 36, col. 1.

Before whose sabre's dazzling light, etc.

seems once more to rise in the southern districts of Ker-
man, and, following an easterly course through the
centre of Meckram and Balouchistan, is entirely lost in
the deserts of Sinde.»-KINNIER'S Persian Empire.
Note 104, page 36, col. 2.

That bold were Moslem, who would dare
At twilight hour to steer his skiff
Beneath the Gheber's lonely cliff.

Note 105, page 37, col. 1.

Still did the mighty flame barn on.

«At the city of Yezd in Persia, which is distinguished by the appellation of the Darûb Abadut, or Seat of Re ligion, the Guebres are permitted to have an Atash Kudu or Fire Temple (which, they assert, has had the sacred fire in it since the days of Zoroaster) in their own. compartment of the city; but for this indulgence they are indebted to the avarice, not the tolerance of the Persian government, which taxes them at twenty-five rupees

each man.»-POTTINGER'S Beloochistan.

Note 106, page 37, col. 2.

While on that altar's fires

They swore.

« Nul d'entre eux n'oserait se parjurer, quand il a pris a témoin cet élément terrible et vengeur.»-Encyclopedie Française.

Note 107, page 37, col. a.

The Persian lily shines and towers.

«< A vivid verdure succeeds the autumnal rains, and the ploughed fields are covered with the Persian lily,

« When the bright cimitars make the eyes of our he- of a resplendent yellow colour.»-RUSSEL's Aleppo, roes wink,»- The Moallakat, Poem of AMRU.

Note 102, page 36, col. 1.

As Lebanon's small mountain-flood
Is render'd boly by the ranks

Of sainted cedars on its banks.

|

Note 108, page 39, col. 1.

Like Dead Sea fruits, that tempt the eye,

But turn to ashes on the lips.

They say that there are apple-trees upon the sides of this sea, which bear very lovely fruit, but within are all full of ashes.»>-THEVENOT. The same is asserted of the oranges there.-See WITMAN's Travels in Asiatic Turkey.

In the Lettres Edifiantes, there is a different cause assigned for its name of Holy. « In these are deep caverns, which formerly served as so many cells for a great number of recluses, who had chosen these retreats as the only witnesses upon earth of the severity of their penance. The tears of these pious penitents gave the river of which we have just treated the name of the Holy River.»-See CHATEAUBRIAND'S Beauties of Chris-it surpasses every other known water on the surface of tianity.

Note 103, page 36, col. 2.

A rocky mountain, o'er the sea

Of Oman beetling awfully,

« The Asphalt Lake, known by the name of the Dead Sea, is very remarkable on account of the considerable proportion of salt which it contains. In this respect

the earth. This great proportion of bitter-tasted salts: is the reason why neither animal nor plant can live in this water. - KLAPROTH'S Chemical Analysis of the Water of the Dead Sea, Annals of Philosophy, January

This mountain is my own creation, as the «stypen- 1813. HASSELQUIST, however, doubts the truth of thes