416. sparsa: i.e. the gray hairs are scattered among the rest. - cānebat, from caneo.

418. sedet, suits: compare our common expression, "The coat sets well."— auctor, strictly a voucher: here, one who confirms the view by his authority.

421. duplicem i.e. the abolla, or double-folded garment, worn by him on account of his age.

422. lacertosque: § 612, e, N. (359, c, R.); B. 367, 6; G. 728; H. 733, i, N.1 (608, i, N.5); H.-B. 641, N.a.

423. exuit (sc. vestibus), bared: see § 364 (225, d); B. 187, i, a; G. 348; H. 426, 6 (384, 2); cf. H.-B. 376, b.

425. armis see note to v. 423.

426. digitos: § 428, j, N. (259, g); G. 385, N.3; cf. H.-B. 385.

430. ille: the one, Dares, as the first-named, and so farther off on the page; § 297, a and b (102, a and b); B. 246, 1 and 3; G. 307; H. 505 (450); H.-B. 274, 2.

432. genua: dissyllable; § 603, ƒ, N.a (347, d, R.); B. 367, 5; G. 723; H.-B. 656, 2.

434. ingeminant: it is better to keep the same subject, though volnera might also be the subject.

435. sonitus: i.e. their chests ring with the blows. — auris : what case? See the quantity.

436. crebra, many times: cf. creber, ii. 731.

437. nisu, position: strictly referring to the bracing of the feet.

438. corpore modo, by the movement of his body merely: a technical expression; cf. Ciç. Cat. i. 6, end. — tela: for case see § 388, b (237, d); cf. B. 175, 2, a; H.-B. 391, 2, and ftn.2.

439. molibus, siege-works.

443. ostendit, put forth.

445. elapsus, leaping aside.

cessit, dodged.

446. effudit, spent. — ultro, untouched: i.e. without receiving a blow.

448. quondam, sometimes: cf. ii. 367 and 416.

449. radicibus (abl. of separation): we say by the roots.

450. studiis: cf. note v. 343.

451. caelo: § 428, h (258, 2, N.1); cf. B. 193; G. 358, N.2; H. 428

(385, 4); H.-B. 375.

453. casu, by his fall.

454. ira: ablative.

455. tum, now (emphatic). Cf. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered, vii. 75:

Shame he cannot endure:

As valor when incensed is fiercer still

And keener grows under the whet of wrath.

457. ille see note on v. 334.

458. quam multa: the proper correlative is supplied by the expression, sic densis.

460. creber, again and again (cf. v. 436). — versat, drives this way and that.

462. animis: cf. animos, i. 57.

466. vires alias, a strength not his own: i.e. some god's, alluding to the sudden change of the contest in v. 455.

473. superans animis, with towering pride. - tauro: abl. of cause. 479. The feat here described was performed, it is said, by Cæsar Borgia.

480. effracto cerebro, dashing out its brains.

481. sternitur. . . bos: the metre of this celebrated verse has been equally blamed and admired by critics. The effect is probably accidental.

483. pro morte Daretis: a substitute, such as is found in many early religions, for human sacrifices, — puppets, some lower animal, or a symbolized act of sacrifice. - meliorem: spoken with some contempt of his antagonist, as well as because the substitute is more acceptable to the gods.

487. ingenti manu, with mighty hand, as of heroic stature and strength. Seresti: possibly the same with Sergestus, whose damaged ship might well furnish the mast and rigging necessary.

488. traiecto in fune: fastened by a cord passed over or through the mast and tied to the bird's foot (cf. v. 511); see § 395, N.3 (239, b, R.). 489. quo tendant ferrum: rel. clause of purpose.

490. sortem: cf. Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered, v. 73:

Each warrior's name is written; then an urn

Receives them; shaken next, the lots are drawn:
And first came forth Artemidoro's name.

491. clamore secundo, with shouts of applause.

494. oliva perhaps an oversight, as Cloanthus (v. 246) is wreathed with laurel. Olive, palm, and laurel make the regular prize of victory. 496. confundere foedus: at the bidding of Athene (Il. iv. 104; Bry. 115).

499. et ipse, even he too.

:

501. quisque in appos. with viri; see § 313 (202, d); G. 318, 3, c£ 211, R.1, a; H. 389, 3 (461, 3); H.-B. 319, i, a.

505. timuit pennis: i.e. showed its fright by its fluttering.

506. plausu: applause of the spectators.

508. alta petens: aiming high, because the other had aimed too low. 509. miserandus, unlucky.

512. notos, to the winds, depending on in.

514. fratrem: Pandarus, regarded as a sort of patron saint of archery. - in vota vocavit, called on in his prayers (lit. called to [hear] his Vows).

517. astris aetheriis: according to a common view the soul was composed of fiery æther, from which also the stars were fed (cf. i. 608 and note, vi. 730-2). Hence the bird left its life in the natural home of spirit.

520. tamen: i.e. though he had lost the prize.

521. arcum: i.e. its power.

523. augurio abl. of quality. — exitus ingens, the dread result: sometimes understood of the burning of the ships. The prodigy, however, is probably a part of the old legend, and refers to later events in Sicily, perhaps her wars with Rome (sera omina).

524. terrifici from their alarming words.

:

i.e. after the fulfilment.

528. crinem: cf. ii. 694.

cecinerunt, interpreted:

529. haesere, were transfixed. The men were amazed, but the leaders at once interpreted the omen for good, and so removed any ill effects in their followers' minds.

535. ipsius: a gift, as it were, bestowed by Anchises himself.

537. in magno munere, as a great gift (lit. in the place of); cf. the similar use of pro.

538. ferre: cf. v. 248.

541. Eurytion: who, we are to suppose, takes the second prize.

542. quamvis deiecit: § 527, e (313, g); B. 309, 6; G. 606, N.1; H. 586, ii, 2 (515, N.3); H.-B. 541.

543. donis abl. of specification with proximus.

545. nondum. . . misso: before the archery match was over, Æneas had given his directions for the show that was to follow, so that there might be no delay. A similar surprise for the spectators was frequent in the games at Rome; and the introduction of it is here a special compliment to Augustus, who had revived this very Troia lusus.

547. Epytiden: he seems to have acted the part of a paedagogus, a guardian who constantly attended youths of any distinction.

550. avo, in honor of his grandsire (dat. of reference).

552. infusum: the multitude had poured in to watch the last sports, which did not require much space.

553. pariter, well-matched.

554. quos: obj. of mirata.

555. iuventus: i.e. the older youths; all able-bodied men fit for active service were iuvenes up to forty years of age.

556. tonsa corona, with wreath close-trimmed: probably confining the hair below the helmet (compare fusos crines, x. 137). It has also been explained of the "circular tonsure,” the hair cut round, in boyish fashion.

557. bina: the regular number (cf. i. 313).

558. lēvīs: cf. lēvia (v. 91), lēvi (v. 328). — pectore: abl. of separation.

560. turmae: cf. Paradise Regained, iv. 66: "turms of horse." terni tres: § 137, d (95, d); G. 97, N.1; H. 164 (174, 2); H.-B. 247, 3. Cf. v.

85.

565. auctura Italos: a town called Politorium was fabled to have been colonized by Polites.

566. vestigia . . . ostentans: i.e. white on the front (primi) of his legs and on his forehead.

572. esse: cf. vv. 262 (note), 307.

575. excipiunt: referring back to v. 555.

578. lustravere, had saluted (by parading in front of the whole assembly).

579. flagello: abl. of instrument, where the English idiom would suggest the accusative.

580. discurrēre: notice the long penult. — pares, in equal numbers. ―terni, the three parties. — agmina solvere, broke up into bands. 581. diductis choris, separating the divisions.—vocati: i.e. at another signal.

582. convertere vias, they wheeled. each other as in a sham fight.

-infesta: i.e. they charged upon

583. alios ineunt cursus: i.e. they rode apart again.

584. adversi spatiis: in the opposite directions to those they had taken before; or, possibly, on opposite sides of the arena.-alternos orbibus, etc.: i.e. in circles, the different squads alternately inside and out.

587. pariter, in even line: i.e. together as one force.

589. parietibus caecis, with blind walls: i.e. without doors or windows to serve as guide.

591. inremeabilis error, the deceptive course that cannot be retraced. 593. texunt, they form in their winding course: the whole seems like a richly woven web.

594. delphinum similes: the play of dolphins, in its life and brilliancy, relieves the architectural stiffness of the last comparison.

596. cursus: genitive.

600. porro, in succession.

601. patrium honorem, its ancestral observance.

602. Troia, Troianum: see note, v. 545. — dicitur: for number see § 317, c (205, d); B. 255, 2; G. 285, exc. 1; H. 392 (463, i); H.-B. 329, 2.

603. patri: i.e. Anchises; cf. note on avo, v. 550, for construction.

607. ventos adspirat: cf. iv. 223.

608. multa movens, with many designs.

616. superesse: see note on desistere, i. 37.

=

618. ergo, thus, prepared as they are already. — haud ignara nocendi skilled in mischief: § 326, c (209, c); B. 375, 1; G. 700; H. 752, 8 (637, viii); H.-B. 632, 1.

619. reponit: cf. repono, v. 484.

621. cui . . . fuissent, as one who once had had a family, and name, and children: a woman of dignity and of influence amongst the rest, and hence a suitable person for her scheme; § 535, e (320, e); B. 283, 3; G. 633; H. 592 (517); H.-B. 523.

624. traxerit: see note to fuissent, v. 621.

627. cum ferimur, while we are still borne on: cf. iii. 647.

628. sidera emensae, etc.: the stars are put for the dangers of the

sky, the rocks for those of the deep.

630. fraterni: cf. v. 24.

631. dare urbem: they are now a people without a city, — a violent contradiction of terms to ancient notions.

635. infaustas puppes, those ill-omened hulks.

638. agi: § 454, cf. 504, N.2 (270, b, 298, N.); B. 330; G. 428, n.2; H. 608, n.2 (533, N.3); H.-B. 585 and a.

639. tantis prodigiis (dat. of possession): such prodigies admit no delay. quattuor arae: erected perhaps to offer sacrifice for a prosperous voyage; perhaps by the four ships' crews, or by Cloanthus, according to his vow (v. 237).

640. deus, etc. i.e. his altars supply the means, and the dangers he threatens (those of the sea) the desire (animum).

642. sublata procul dextra, lifting high her hand: cf. v. 775.

646. vobis: ethical dat. (see note on v. 162).

651. quod careret: § 592, 3 (341, d); B. 323; G. 541; H. 588, ii (516, ii); H.-B. 535, 2.