'the servants freed from toil.' 3, 27, 69 abstineto irarum, 'give up thy wrath.' THE ABLATIVE The simple ablative, without a preposition, is used somewhat more freely than in prose. 95. The simple ablative is used to express the place where an action occurs: 1, 2, 9 summa haesit ulmo, 'clung in the top of the elm.' 1, 9, 10 f. ventos aequore fervido deprocliantis, 'winds struggling over the yeasty deep.' 1, 32, 8 religarat litore navim, 'anchored his ships off the shore,' also belongs here. 96. Once in the Odes the ablative of agent is used without a preposition 1, 6, 1 f. scriberis Vario . . . Maeonii carminis alite, 'thou shalt be sung by Varius, that bird of Maeonian song.' With this we may compare Epist. 1, 19, 2 carmina, quae scribuntur aquae potoribus, 'verses written by teetotalers,' although most editors and grammarians regard potoribus as dative of agent. While the phrase Vario . . . alite approaches the ablative absolute, the difference between it and such cases as S. 2, 1, 84 iudice laudatus Caesare must not be overlooked. 97. The instrumental ablative is found once with a verbal noun: 3, 4, 55 truncis iaculator, he who threw trunks of trees.' 98. With muto and a direct object the ablative is used to denote both that which is given and that which is received in exchange; the context alone shows the relation: 1, 17, 1 f. Lucretilem mutat Lycaeo, 'exchanges Lycaeus for Lucretilis.' The opposite 1, 16, 25 f. ego mitibus mutare quaero tristia, 'I seek to substitute kind feelings for bitterness.' 'TRANSFERRED' ADJECTIVES 99. An adjective which naturally expresses some quality of a person or thing is sometimes transferred to an object or action which is associated with that person or thing: 1, 3, 38 ff. neque | per nostrum patimur scelus | iracunda Iovem ponere fulmina; 1, 15, 33 f. iracunda... classis Achillei. ΤΗΕ ἀπὸ κοινοῦ CONSTRUCTION 100. Occasionally a word is so placed with reference to two other words that it may grammatically be connected with either, while logically it is necessarily so connected: 2, 11, 11 f. quid aeternis minorem | consiliis animum fatigas? In this consiliis belongs equally to minorem and to fatigas. THE VERB 101. A singular verb is frequently used with two or more subjects: 3, 16, 29 ff. rivus aquae silvaque . segetis certa fides fallit. ... ... 102. The future indicative is occasionally used with permissive or hortatory force: 1, 7, 1 laudabunt alii claram Rhodon, 'others may praise,' etc.; 1, 12, 57 ff. te minor latum reget aequus orbem, etc., 'let him rule,' etc. 103. The perfect is used like the Greek gnomic aorist, to express what has always been true or customary, i.e. a general truth or customary action: 1, 28, 20 nullum saeva caput Proserpina fugit, 'cruel Proserpina never passes by (i.e. never has, and therefore, by implication, never does pass) a mortal.' PROHIBITIONS 104. Horace occasionally employs the archaic form of prohibition, consisting of the imperative with ne: 1, 28, 23 ne parce harenae, 'spare not the sand.' Occasionally a circumlocution is employed: 1, 9, 13 fuge quaerere, avoid asking'; 1, 38, 3 mitte sectari, 'give up hunting.' INFINITIVE 105. The 'historical' infinitive is found but once in the Epodes, not in the Odes: Epod. 5, 84 puer iam non . . . lenire verbis impias, the boy no longer tries to move the wretches by words.' 106. The 'exclamatory' infinitive is found but twice in the Epodes, not in the Odes: Epod. 8, 1 rogare te, etc., the idea of your asking!' 11, 11 f. contrane lucrum nil valere candidum | pauperis ingenium? to think that against mere gold the purity of a poor man's character has no power!' 107. The infinitive of purpose is found occasionally: 1, 2, 7 f. pecus egit altos | visere montis, 'he drove the flock to visit the high mountains'; 1, 12, 2 quem sumis celebrare? whom dost thou take to celebrate in song?' 1, 26, 1 ff. tristitiam et metus | tradam protervis in mare Creticum | portare ventis, 'gloom and fear will I give to the bold winds to carry to the Cretan sea'; Epod. 16, 16 malis carere quaeritis laboribus, 'you seek to escape,' etc. 108. The infinitive is used with a large variety of adjectives to complete their meaning: 1, 3, 25 audax omnia perpeti, 'with courage to endure all'; 1, 10, 7 callidum . . . condere, 'skilled to hide'; 1, 15, 18 celerem sequi, 'swift in pursuit'; 1, 35, 2 praesens tollere, 'with power to raise'; 3, 21, 22 segnes nodum solvere, 'slow to undo the knot'; 4, 12, 19 spes donare novas largus, 'generous in giving new hope'; etc. 6 109. The passive infinitive is also used as a verbal noun in the ablative 1, 19, 8 lubricus adspici, dazzling;' 4, 2, 59 niveus videri, 'white in appearance.' THE PARTICIPLE 110. The future active participle is often used to express purpose, readiness or ability, and prophecy, being equivalent to a clause: 1, 35, 29 iturum Caesarem, 'Caesar, who proposes to go'; 2, 6, 1 Septimi, Gadis aditure mecum, 'Septimius, thou who art ready,' etc.; 4, 3, 20 O mutis quoque piscibus donatura cycni sonum, 'O thou who couldst give,' etc.; 2, 3, 4 moriture Delli, Dellius, who art doomed to die.' ... HORATI CARMINA LIBER PRIMVS I This ode forms the prologue to the three books of lyrics published by Horace in 23 B.C. After the first two lines addressed to Maecenas, which virtually dedicate the whole collection to him, Horace rehearses the various interests of men, that at the end he may present his own ambition. Some men seek fame in athletic games or in politics (3-8), others have lower aims-riches, ease, war, or hunting (9-28); but as for me, I have the loftiest aim of all, Maecenas — to wear the ivy wreath and be the Muse's dear companion (29-34).' The ode was clearly written after the collection was fairly complete; that is, not long before the actual publication. Metre, 53. Maecenas atavis edite regibus, o et praesidium et dulce decus meum: 1. Maecenas: for Maecenas' position at Rome and Horace's relations with him, see Intr. 5. -atavis: ancestors, in a general sense, in apposition with regibus. -edite regibus: Maecenas was descended from an ancient line of princes of the Etruscan city of Arretium. Horace and his contemporaries emphasize the contrast between their patron's noble birth and the equestrian rank he preferred to keep at Rome. Cf. 3, 16, 20 Maecenas, equitum decus and note; 3, 29, 1 Tyrrhena regum progenies; S. 1, 6, 1 ff.; Prop. 4, 9, 1 Maecenas, eques Etrusco de sanguine regum. This habit is referred to by Martial 12, 4, I f. quod Flacco Varioque fuit summoque Maroni | Maecenas atavis regibus ortus eques. 2. 0 et: monosyllabic interjections are ordinarily not elided. Intr. 42. praesidium . . . decus : not merely a formal compliment, for there is a warmth in the second half of the expression that is com |