H, A. W. I find the following in a MS. history of Westonin-Gordano, Somerset, bequeathed to me by a relative, a native of that county, but from what source it was obtained I know not :

"There is a curious gallery over the doorway in the porch, which, according to tradition of the county, was used for chanting a portion of the service at weddings." EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

"GOD SAVE THE KING" (8th S. x. 234, 362, 438, 478).-In my former contribution I said that the controversy as to whether the music was originally composed in England or in Germany could never be satisfactorily decided; and I am still of that opinion. So much has been written on the topic that the columns of N. & Q.' would scarcely suffice to hold even a summary of the various arguments.

MR. JULIAN MARSHALL has partly misrepresented what I said, and he has introduced a paragraph relating to the "Harmonious Blacksmith" which has nothing to do with me or with the question in hand. I merely alluded to the wellknown belief in Dr. John Bull as the composer, without expressing any opinion as to its truth. But the needless asperity of tone displayed by MR. JULIAN MARSHALL is such that I will not enter into any argument with him-I will simply ask if any other contributor to N. & Q.' can bring forward evidence to show that "God save the King" (or Queen) was ever recognized as the official royal march before the Elector of Hanover was invited by the Whigs to become King of Great Britain and Ireland.

'Rule Britannia,' 'Scots wha hae,' 'St. Patrick's Day,' and the March of the Men of Harlech' are truly national songs, and breathe the spirit of patriotism, whereas, in my humble opinion, "God save the King" (or Queen) is not a national anthem at all, but is simply a grand air wedded to very inferior verse, expressive of loyalty and attachment to a particular dynasty, both dynasty and music being of German origin, And I

Many varied statements have been made as to the origin of the music of our national anthem. In the 'Dictionary of Music and Musicians,' edited by George Grove, D.C.L., the subject is largely dealt with, without arriving at anything definite. It is necessary, however, to deal with one paragraph alone, for though the writer queried its contents, they were nearer the truth than he was aware of. He says:

antedated. They have been called the very words and "Both words and tune have been very considerably music of an old anthem that was sung at St. James's Chapel for King James II.' [quoted from Victor's letter, Oct., 1745]. Dr. Arne is reported to have said that it was a received opinion that it was written for the Catholic Chapel of James II. Dr. Burney says the same, adding that for it to be sung in the Catholic Chapel of James II. it must surely have been in Latin, of which no traces could be found."

But all this is true in the main, and its first performance recorded was under the following singular and appropriate circumstances.

Upon 21 February, 1660, Samuel Pepys, Esq., went to Westminster Hall, where he saw the members return to Parliament who had been expelled by Col. Pride in 1648. This was the first part of General Monk's scheme to propose the restoration of Charles II. to the throne. Pepys dined with Lord Crewe and then returned to Westminster Hall, where he met Matthew Lock and Henry Purcell, both eminent musical composers, with whom he adjourned to a coffee-house and sat in a room next the water, where they spent an hour or two. Pepy's writes :

"Here we had variety of brave Italian and Spanish songs, and a canon for eight voices which Mr. Lock had and as they sang this loyal song they looked from the lately made on these words, Domine salvum fac Regem,' window and saw the City from one end to the other with a glory about it; so high was the light of the bonfires, and the bells rang everywhere."

The tide of popular feeling had turned to the king; and next day Pepys observed "how abominably Barebone's windows are broke again last night." Thus it was the very hour in which to sing "God save the King."

A fragment in "A Choice Collection of Lessons for the Harpsichord or Spinnet, composed by the late Mr. Henry Purcell, 1696," would seem to be the canon as originally composed, and probably found in MS. among Purcell's compositions and loose papers published after his death and credited to him. Seeing that Purcell was one of the loyal party at the coffee-house when Lock's canon was sung, his possession of it is easily accounted for. The music of the canon is to be found in Grove's 'Dictionary of Music and Musicians,' vol. i. p. 606,

Other specimens of the air are given, but Pepys is the one who connects words and air-and Pepys may be relied upon. HILDA GAMLIN.

Camden Lawn, Birkenhead.

Persons interested in the authorship of the national anthem would do well to consult the correspondence on the subject in the Gentleman's Magazine, part i., 1796. The anthem was sung by Mr. Sullivan at Mrs. Wiltshire's Assembly Rooms, Bath, in November, 1745, the occasion being His Majesty's birthday. The words were given in the local journal of that date. Carey's son, claiming in 1799 the authorship for his father, states that the final verse was :

Lord grant that General Wade
May by thy mighty aid

Victory bring!

May he sedition hush,
And like a torrent rush
Rebellious Scotch to crush,

God save the king!

made up of eight words (forty-three letters). He asks, "Could the Germans beat this?" I should like to draw his attention to a compound German oath, appended in Fliegende Blätter, a few years back, to a clever sketch of a Prussian colonel itself into hopeless confusion. in a fit of rage with his regiment, which has got The inscription

runs, "Oberst (nach einer Missglückten Bewegung des Regiments). HerrGotthimmelheiligkreuzbombenundgranatenmillionendonnerwetter." To round this off he, being exhausted, adds, "Herr Adjutant, fluchen sie weiter." W. H. QUARRELL.

Obviously the stanza Was composed Wade was about to take the command of the forces destined to crush the rebellion of 1745. If so, it could not have been written by Henry Carey, who died suddenly in 1743. In 1827 | Mr. Richard Clark, a singer of note and secretary to the London Glee Club, published a work to prove that the anthem was written by Ben Jonson and Dr. John Bull in 1607. John

71, Brecknock Road.

I have in my possession a book entitled 'An Account of the National Anthem God save the King,' published by W. Wright, Fleet Street, in 1822. It is written by "Richd. Clark, Gentleman of His Majesty's Chapels Royal, Deputy Vicar Choral of St. Paul's Cathedral and of Westminster Abbey, and Secretary to the Glee Club." I should be glad to lend it to MR. JULIAN MARSHALL if he would like to see it, and will favour me with his address.

Blackheath.

A. M. D.

A short time ago I was at Munich on Corpus Christi Day and viewed the procession-the mo s imposing in Europe, I believe, except, perhaps that of Vienna. On the arrival of the King Regent and his suite at the cathedral for the early Mass, the band, to my surprise, played the tune of our national anthem. I thought at first that the British Minister was attending the service, and that he was being thus complimented. I was, however, informed by my host that the Bavarians had recently adopted" God save the Queen" as their national air. Is this so?

J. B. R. A COMPOUND ADJECTIVE (8th S. x. 473).-MR. R. M. SPENCE quotes Prof. Masson's adjective,

5, Capel Terrace, Southend-on-Sea,

SHEEP-STEALER HANGED BY A SHEEP (8th S.

viii. 106, 170, 236, 334; ix. 475).—In 'The Denham Tracts, Folk-lore Society, 1895, pt. ii. p. 120, it is stated that there is a rock on the north side of the Cheviots, looking towards Scotland, called the Hanging Stone. It is said that it acquired this name from the circumstance that a packman was once resting upon it, with his burden of cloth too near the edge, when the pack slipped over, and its belt, tightening round his neck, strangled him. The same thing happened to a robber who was carrying off a stolen sheep, both man and sheep being hanged.

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. ASTROLOGICAL SIGNATURES (8th S. x. 49).Roderick O'Flaherty, the antiquary and author of Oygia' (born at Moycullin, Galway, 1630), would have some knowledge of astrology and occult philosophy, both sciences being held in great estimation by many of the studious of that period. Respecting "Jly," it is impossible to decide whether this is a correct copy without referring to the original. It may be a contraction of July, or intended for the seal or character of the spirit of

writing of that date would not be "copper-plate," and the person who prepared it for the press might consider " Jly" the best representation of the

seal.

JOHN RADCLIFFE.

CHURCHWARDENS (8th S. x. 77, 106).-By No. lxxxix. of Canons Ecclesiastical of 1603, which is still in force, there are to be two churchwardens in each parish, one to be chosen by the minister and the other by the parishioners; but in many instances this rule has never been observed. For instance, St. Andrew, Dublin; Attleborough, Norfolk; and three of the old city churches of Norwich had, and maybe still have, three churchwardens. Henley and Ealing have two, but at the former they are both appointed by the corporation, and at the latter by the vestry, which custom, by a notice in the Monthly Church Paper of St. Mary's for May, 1884 and 1885, in my possession, was then observed. At Doncaster one is appointed by the vicar the other by the mayor. For references to many interesting and valuable communications to N. & Q.' on the election of churchwardens, I would send MR. HUSSEY to p. 14 of the last volume.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN,

JOSEPH OR JOSIAS MILLER (8th S. viii. 25, 97). -His widow survived him twenty-eight years. Her burial is thus recorded in the London Chronicle, Saturday, 12 July, to Tuesday, 15 July, 1766, p. 50: "Thursday were deposited in St. Clement's Church-Yard, in the same grave with her husband, the remains of Mrs. Miller, aged 83, relict of the celebrated Joe Miller." DANIEL HIPWELL.

"FOREST CLOTH" (8th S. x. 335, 426).—The following remarks are contained in a pamphlet, written by John Long, Dublin, in 1762, entitled 'The Golden Fleece; or, some Thoughts on the Cloathing Trade of Ireland' (the price of the pamphlet, 40 pp., was a British sixpence). He has some comparative remarks concerning the trade in Yorkshire, and then observes :—

"There is another kind of cloth made, called Plains or Forrest cloths, the Manufacture of these is also by a laborious People, inhabiting an uncultivated Part of the Country, consisting of a Ridge of Mountains called Saddleworth. Contiguous to this lies Huddersfield, another Mart and Repository for these Forrest cloths which are sold to Merchants who finish and export great Quantities of them to Ireland to the great Detriment of the middling kind of Fabricks wrought up in this Kingdom."

"Salisbury has......Long Cloths for the Turkey trade, Britain,' i. 324. called Salisbury Whites."-Defoe, Tour through Great

"This town (Burstall, Suffolk) is famed for dyeing, and there is made here a sort of cloth in imitation of Gloucester Whites, which tho' they may not be so fine, yet their colours are as good,”—Ibid., iii. 146.

"This mystery (clothing) is vigorously pursued in this County; and I am informed that as Medleys are most made in other shires, as good Whites as any are woven in this County."-Fuller, Worthies, Wilts,' ii. 435.

Thus it appears that "whites" was a term applied to cloth in at least three English counties during the seventeenth century. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road. [In Leeds is, or was, the White Cloth Hall, as opposed to the Coloured Cloth Hall.]

PETER OF COLECHURCH (8th S. x. 397).-Is it certain that there was any removal in 1832? It appears from the 'Annals of Waverley' that he lay in the chapel in 1205. But when Mr. Yaldwin saw a tomb below the chapel staircase with remains in carving about the sepulchre, but "the remains of a 1737 there was neither brass plate nor inscription nor body in repairing the staircase; though we know from the Annals of Waverley,' p. 168, that the reliques of Peter were certainly entombed in this place" (Chronicles of London Bridge,' R. Thomstates that the monument of Peter, "remarkable son, p. 65, 1839). Maitland (Hist.,' p. 86), only for its plainness," was below the chapel staircase ('Chron.' u. s.). But on the occasion of the opening in 1825 there is no mention of the removal

of the bones.

ED. MARSHALL.

called "forest cloth." Urmston.

RICHARD LAWSON.

Halliwell, in his Dictionary of Provincial Words,' defines "forest-whites" to be a kind of cloth mentioned in early statutes, and gives a reference to Strutt, ii, 79,

to the company, and sat down on a chair facing them. With a very grave countenance he began to speak in a low voice, which he gradually raised, occasionally leaving his chair and taking a step or two up and down the platform. After a few minutes, as he warmed to his subject, he altogether ceased to sit, increasing in eloquence and power

O may she still new Favours grant And make the Laurel thine !

Och! Dublin city, there is no doubtin',

Bates every city upon the say;

'Tis there you'd hear O'Connell spoutin',
An' Lady Morgan makin' tay.

For 'tis the capital o' the finest nation,

Wid charming pisintry upon a fruithful sod,
Fightin' like divils for conciliation,

An' hatin' each other for the love of God

no more than there is about the name of the person who wrote Mister Mickey Free's 'Lament' when he was sailing away from his beloved native land

Then, fare ye well, ould Erin dear,

To part-my heart does ache well;
From Carrickfergus to Cape Clear
I'll never see your equal.

And, though to foreign parts we 're bound,
Where cannibals may ate us,
We'll ne'er forget the holy ground

Of poteen and potatoes,

When good St. Patrick banished frogs
And shook them from his garment,
He never thought we'd go abroad

And live upon such varmint,

Nor quit the land where whisky grew,
To wear King George's button,

Take vinegar for mountain dew,
And toads for mountain mutton.

Clapham, S.W.

HENRY GERALD HOPE.

STEPHEN DUCK (8th S. x. 476).—I have a small volume of thirty-two pages, the title-page of which runs thus :

"Poems on Several Subjects: Written by Stephen Duck, Some time a poor Thresher in a Barn in the County of Wilts, at the Wages of Four Shillings and Six Pence per Week. Which were publickly Read by the Right Honourable Thomas Earl of Macclesfield, in the Drawing Room at Windsor Castle, on Friday the 11th of September, 1730, to Her Majesty. Who was thereupon most graciously pleased to take the author into Her Royal Protection, by ordering him an apartment at Kew, near Richmond, in Surrey, to live in; and a salary of Thirty Pounds per Annum, for his better support and maintenance."

This is dated 1731, is the eighth edition, and was to be sold by T. Astley, at the "Rose," in St. Paul's Churchyard, for sixpence.

A curious frontispiece shows the author standing at a barn door, holding in his right hand the poems of Milton, and in his left a flail. A table, on which are books, pens, ink, and paper, stands in front of him, whilst around are the somewhat incongruous elements of a farmyard. There are some

Then shall we see next New Year's Ode

By far the last outshine.

"

"JOLLY" USED ABVERBIALLY (8th S. x. 233, 343).-The following early instance of "jolly used as an intensive adjective may be of interest; from J. Ferne's 'Glorie of Generositie' (1586), p. 10:

"I haue heard it receiued as good pollicie with wisemen, to match their sonnes, as it might be with a vourers daughter, of the city by vs: for the increase of their patrimony. A iolly helpe it is, when as a noble Gentleman, through a liberall mind, hath something shortned his reuenewes, to inlarge the same, by the plentifulnes of their bagges."

Park Square, Leeds.

BERNARD P. SCATTERGOOD.

LINES ON OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE (8th S. x. 496). After the death, in 1714, of Dr. John Moore, successively Bishop of Norwich and Ely, his library of thirty thousand volumes was bought by George I., and presented by him to the University of Cambridge. At about the same time the attempt of the Old Pretender to recover the throne met with so much sympathy at Oxford that it was thought necessary to send a force of cavalry there to overawe the University. In connexion with these two events, Dr. Joseph Trapp, Professor of Poetry in 1708, afterwards chaplain to Lord Bolingbroke, and rector of Harlington, Middlesex, and author of 'Prælectiones Poetica' and of a Latin version of 'Paradise Lost,' wrote the following epigram :

Our gracious Monarch viewed with equal eye
The wants of either University.

Troops he to Oxford sent, well knowing why,
That learned body wanted loyalty;

But books to Cambridge sent, as well discerning
That that right loyal body wanted learning.

A somewhat different version has been ascribed to Thomas Warton the elder, who was also Professor of Poetry at Oxford and the father of Joseph Warton, Head Master of Winchester, and of Thomas Warton the younger, the historian of English poetry :—

Our royal master saw with heedful eyes
The state of his two universities;
To one he sends a regiment, for why?
That learned body wanted loyalty,

To the other books he gave, as well discerning
How much that loyal body wanted learning.