ADJECTIVE PHRASES AND SENT REM. Things may be described not only by Phrases and by Sentences. EXAMPLES. Adjective Phrases.-1. "The TIME of my departur 2. "Night is the TIME for res 3. "Turn, gentle HERMIT of t Adjective Sentences.-1. "HE that getteth wisdom 1 PAGE 2. Mount the HORSE which I 3. "THOU, whose spell can rai Bid the prophet's form QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW. 97.-What is an Adjective?. Why are Adjectives used?. For what various purposes are Adjectives used. What is a Qualifying Adjective? 98.-What is a Specifying Adjective?... What is a ner Adjective? What is an Interrogative Adjective? How are Specifying Adjectives distinguished? .. 99.-How are Possessive Adjectives formed?. What is a Verbal Adjective?.. 100.-How are Verbal Adjectives distinguished?. 101.--How are Adjectives modified?..... How many Degrees of Comparison may some A jectives have?.... When is an Adjective of the Diminutive form!. 102. What is said of Comparison descending?.. When do we prefix a Word to denote compariso 103.-Are all Adjectives compared?.. VERBS. REM.-As all things in the universe live, move, or have a being, we necessarily have a class of Words used to express the act, being, or state of those things. Hence, DEF. 97.-A Verb is a Word used to express the act, "eing, or state of a person or thing. CLASSIFICATION. REM. The act expressed by some Verbs passes over to an Object. Hence, PRIN.-Verbs are distinguished as Transitive or Intransitive. DEF. 98.-A Transitive Verb is a Verb that expresses an action which terminates on an Object. EXAMPLES. John saws wood-God created heaven and earth. DEF. 99.-An Intransitive Verbs a Verb that expresses the being or state of Subject, or an action which does not terminate on an Object. EXAMPLES.-Animals run-I sit--John is sleepy. OBS. 1.-Some Verbs are used transitively or intransitively. EXAMPLES." Cold blows the wind." "The wind blows the dust." DEF. 100.-The Verbs be, become, and other Intransitive Verbs, whose subjects are not represented as performing a physical act, are called Neuter Verbs. EXAMPLES.-He is-God exists-we become wise-th LIST. OBS.-The Verbs commonly called Neuter are- -appe -belong-exist-lie-rest-seem-sleep. MODIFICATION OF VERBS. REM.-Verbs that denote action have two methods the action. Hence, 1st-As done by its Subject-as, Jane loves Luc 2d-As done to its Subject-as, Lucy is loved by PRIN.-Transitive Verbs have two VoicesActive and Passive. DEF. 101.-The Active Voice represents th performing an action. EXAMPLE.-Columbus discovered America. DEF. 102.-The Passive Voice represents th being acted upon. EXAMPLE.-America was discovered by Columbus. OBS. 1.-The same fact may commonly be expressed Active or the Passive form. EXAMPLES.-William assists Charles. Charles is assisted by William.} The same "William," the Subject of the Active Verb, becomes "by," when the Verb becomes Passive; and "Charles," the Active Verb, becomes the Subject of the Passive. ODS. 2.-In the English language, the formation of the is less simple than in many other languages. Thus, the assertions, 66 66 IN LATIN-Doceo, in the Active Voice, has Doceor IN ENGLISH-I teach, I am taugh Hence, the English Verb does not form its Passive Voice tion of the form of the Active," but by combining the various modifications, with a Participle of the given Verb Active. To see, Passive.-To be seen, I love, EXAMPLES. They applaud, Man worships I am loved, They are applauded, God is wor shipped. OBS. 3.—Most Transitive Verbs may take the Passive form. OBS. 4.-A Verb taking the Passive form becomes grammatically intransitive. The action is directed to no object. The Subject receives the action. OBS. 5.-But few Intransitive Verbs take the Passive form. EXAMPLES. We laughed at his clownish performances.—(Active Intrans.) MODE. REM.-In addition to their primary signification, Verbs perform a secondary office—i. e., they indicate some attendant or qualifying cireumstances. This is indicated by the variations of the form of the Verb, or by prefixing Auxiliary Words. 1. A Verb may simply express a fact. 2. It may express a fact as possible, probable, obligatory, &c. 3. It may express a fact conditionally. 4. It may express a command or request. 5. It may express the name of an act, or a fact unlimited by a subject. Hence, PRIN.-Verbs have five modes of expressing their signification— Indicative, Potential, Subjunctive, Imperative, and Infinitive. DEF. 103.-A Verb used simply to indicate or assert a fact or to ask a question, is in the Indicative Mode. EXAMPLES.-"God created the heaven and the earth." "Is he not honest?" "Whence come wars?" DEF. 104.-A Verb indicating probabil or obligation, of its subject, is in the Potential Mode. OBS.-Words which may be regarded as signs of t are, may-might-can-could-must-shall-shouldalone, or followed by the Word have. EXAMPLES.-I may go-you might have gone-John s can learn-It could not be done-John shall study. DEF. 105.-A Verb expressing a fact (hypothetically) is in the Subjunctive Mode. EXAMPLES. "If he repent, forgive him." OBS.-If, though, unless, and other Conjunctions, ar with the Subjunctive Mode. But they are not to be signs of this Mode, for they are also used with the In Potential. EXAMPLES.-If the boat goes to-day, I shall go in it. The condition expressed by "if the boat goes," is ass hence, "goes" is in the Indicative Mode. NOTE.-The Subjunctive Mode is limited to Auxili Sentences. DEF. 106.-A Verb used to command in the Imperative Mode. EXAMPLES.-1. "If he repent, forgive him." 2. "Come to the bridal chamber, Death! OBS.-As we can command only a person or thing subject of an Imperative Verb must be of the Second Pe person addressed is supposed to be present to the speak the subject is usually understood. EXAMPLES.-Cry aloud-Spare not. But it is often expressed... "Go ye into all tac world." |