ADULTERY, punishment of amongst the
Scandinavians, 205.

Ægir, his banquet, 375, 376; his journey to
Asgard, 459.

Agriculture amongst the Scandinavians
and Teutons, 215; land cultivated by
slaves, 216.

Alexander III. purchases the Hebrides,
&c., 19..

Alfred, king, preserves England against
the Danes, 176.

Altars, remains of in Scandinavia, 107;
celebrated one in Zealand, 108; merely
Thingstead, ib. note;-built for human
sacrifices, 114.

Al-things, in Iceland, when held, 293; man-
ner of conducting suits at them, 295.
Ambrones join the Cimbri, 62; defeat Cas-
sius Longinus, 63; join the Teutons
against Marius, 64; defeated, 65.
America, early discovery of by the North-
men under Bjarni, 251; under Leif, 252;
under Thorvald, 253; under Thorstein,
Thorfinn, &c., 255; evidence concern-
ing, 261.

Anglo-Saxons;-see Saxons.

Arms and armour of the northern nations,
165.

Asgard, 80, 85, note, 406.

Ash, the greatest of all trees, 96;—see Ygg-
drasill.

Ask, the first man, 99. 406.

Astronomy studied by the Scandinavians,
219.

Audhumbla, the cow, account of in the
Edda, 403.

Auguries amongst the Scandinavians, 118.
Aun, king of Sweden, sacrifices his nine
sons to Odin, 112.

Baldur, son of Odin, his character, 95;
story of in the Vegtamsk vida, 373; Eddaic
account of, 407; story of his death, 446.
Banquets, account of, 143. 284. 346.
Baptism, Pagan, 206; ib. note; 313. 320. 366.
Barrows, ancient, amongst the Scandina-
vians, 210; different kinds of, 211; hy-
pothesis concerning, ib.; celebrated one,
212, 213.

Bifröst, the rainbow, 408; breaks to pieces,

452.

Bojorix, General of the Cimbri, 66.

Bor, his sons create heaven and earth,
404; form the first man and woman, 99.
405.

Bragi, god of eloquence and poetry, 95.
420; relates the story of Iduna and her

apples, 459; of Odin obtaining the poeti-
cal mead, 461.

Brahminical doctrines compared with the
Eddaic, 479.

Breidablik, the mansion of, 414.
Britain conquered by the Saxons, 180.
Bui the Thick plunders Strut-Harald's
treasury, 141; joins the Jomsburgh sea-
rovers, ib.; follows their expedition, 144;
his death, 145.
Burials;-see Funerals.

Cabot, his voyages and discoveries, 263;
evidence concerning, 264.

Cæpio, proconsul, defeated by the Cimbri,

63.

Carbo Papirius sent against the Cimbri,
61; defeated by them, 62.

Celts erroneously confounded with the
Teutons, 3; supposed resemblance in
their etymologies, ib.; accounted for, 5;
confounded with the Teutons by the
early Greek and Roman writers, ib.;
their division noticed by Strabo, 6; by
later writers, 7; resemblance in their
savage manners, 8; their difference as-
serted by Cæsar and Tacitus, 9; differ-
ence in their manners and customs, b.;
in their institutions and laws, 10; in their
religious establishments, etc., ib.; in their
languages, 16; affinity between them,
23; classification of Celtic languages, 31;
physiological character of the Celtic race,
33; origin of, 38; specimens of the Celtic
languages, 52.

Celtiberians repulse the Cimbri, 62.
Ceremonies, religious, of the Scandina-
vians, 113.

Charlemagne, his grief at the conquests of
the barbarians, 172; incapacity of his
successors, 175.

Charles the Simple gives his daughter to

Rollo, 184; cedes to him Normandy,
185; anecdote of the interview, ib.
Christian I. mortgages the Orkney and
Shetland Isles, 191.

Christianity embraced by Rollo, 185; by
the Russians, note, 193; its effect in the
north, 241; manner of propagating it by
Olaf Tryggvason, note, 351; Icelanders
converted, and baptized in hot baths,
note, 310; manner of their conversion,
352; ib. note; 532.

Cimbri, their origin, 60; their expedition
to Italy, 61; defeat the Gauls, ib.; send
ambassadors to the Romans, 62; sur-
prised by Papirius Carbo, ib.; with new

auxiliaries they again overwhelm Gaul,
but are repulsed in Spain, ib.; send an
embassy to Rome, ib.; defeat Silanus
Manlius and Cæpio, 63; Marius sent
against them, 64; defeat of their allies,
65; cross the Adige, 66; defeated by
Marius with immense slaughter, 67; sub-
sequent accounts of by Strabo and Taci-
tus, 68; whether Celts or Goths, 68,
note, difficulty in conquering them, 134;
their arms and armour, 165.
Codex Argenteus, account of, 225.
Columbus, his discoveries inquired into,
267.

Concubinage in Scandinavia, 312; story
illustrative of, 313.

Constantinople attacked by the Scandina-
vian sea-rovers, 192.

Finns, their probable early importance, 7;
belong to the Tshudic race, 39; ancient
possessions in Scandinavia, 69.

Fleets fitted out by the Scandinavians, 175;
increase of, 177; given to young chiefs,
178; customs of, ib.; character of the
vessels, 179; various, ib.; particular
ships, 180.

Floki, his settlement in Iceland, 187.
Forseti, the God of Justice, Eddaic account
of, 422; ib. note; 507.

Fortification, art of, amongst the Scandi-
navians, 167.

French conquered by the Scandinavians.
175.

Frey, brother of Freyja, 94; worshipped
in the temple at Upsal, 110; festival in
honour of, ib.; Eddaic account of, 419.
428.

Dead, burning of, amongst the Scandina-
vians, 209.

Denmark, early inhabitants of, 60; uncer-
tainty of its early history, 71; the Goth-
landic hypothesis, ib.; hypothesis of
Rudbeck, ib.; of Saxo-Grammaticus,
72; of Torfæus, 74; temples destroyed
there, 110; human sacrifices there, 114;
oracles, 116; election of its kings, 128.
Destinies, the Three, 97. 412, 413.
Dighton writing rock, 262.
Diviners among the Scandinavians, 117;
their supposed power, 118.

Divorce, Icelandic laws of, 317; story of, ib.
Drontheim, celebrated temple there, 109.
Duels, laws of, 328; account of, 325. 328.
335.

Dwarfs, 404; origin of, 409.

Earth, Eddaic account of its creation, 404.
Edda, the Elder, 362; classification of the
poems of, 363.

Edda, the Prose or Younger, 90. 377;
translation of, 397; remarks on, 479;
interpolation in, 485;-see Mythology.
Eikthyrnir, the stag of Valhalla, 431.
Eirek the Red discovers Greenland, 244;
saga of, 251.

Elivagar, the rivers, 402.

Elves of Light and Darkness, 414.
Embla, the first woman, 99. 406.
Esquimaux ;-see Skrællings.
Europe, early notices of, 38; eastern origin
of its inhabitants, ib.; northern nations
conquered by Odin, 80; their ancient re-
ligion, 87; change in, 90; change in the
climate, 241.

Eyrbyggja Saga, abstract of, 517.
Eyvind, his historical poem, 236.

Feasts, fondness of the Scandinavians for
them, 195; customs of, 196; liquors used
at, ib.; fraternities attending them, 197.
Fenrir, the wolf, begotten by Loki, 96;
will break from his chains, 102; devours
Odin, 103; chaining of, 423; at Ragna-
rök, 452.

Festivals, religious, the three great ones,

110.

the Skrællings, 258; her voyage with
Helgi and Finnbogi, 261; her cruelty, ib.
Freyja, the goddess of love, worshipped
by the Scandinavians, 93; Eddaic account
of, 419. 426.

Fridleif, story of, in Saxo, 116.
Frigga, wife of Odin, worshipped by the
Scandinavians, 93; Eddaic account of,
406. 426.

Frotho, king of Denmark, 137. his con-
tempt of death, 152.

Funerals of the Scandinavians, 209; cere-
monies of, 213; tombs guarded by Odin,
214.

Gauls overwhelmed by the Cimbri and
Teutons, 61, 62; offer uo human sacri-
fices, 114;-see Celts.

Gefjon, Eddaic account of her ploughing,

393.

Germans;-see Teutons.
Ghost stories, 535.

Giants of the Frost, origin of, 402; Thor's
visit to them, 435.

Gimli, the highest heaven, 104. 400. 456;
Finn Magnusen's Theory of, 499.
Ginnungagap, 402.

Glossary of proper names used in the Edda,

541.

Glossology, advance in, 29.

Goa, goddess, festival in honour of, 111.
Gothic alphabet, origin of, 224.
Goths;-see Teutons.
Government;-see Laws.

Grágás, the Icelandic code of laws, 297;
character of, 298; their protection of per-
son and property, 300; severity of the
enactments, 301; relating to murder and
libel, 302; to poetry, 303; poor laws,
304: punishment for begging, 306; laws
respecting property, ib.; majority, ib.;
whalefishing, 307; highway robbery, 308.
Greenland first discovered by Eirek, 244;
the colonists embrace Christianity, 245;
their mysterious disappearance, ib.;
fruitless attempt to rediscover them, 246;
vestiges of the ancient settlement, ib.;
hypothesis settled concerning the posi
tion of the Bygds, 247: discovery of
the Kingiktorsoak stone, ib.; references
to the colonies in old Icelandic Sagas, 249.

Hakon, Earl of Norway, his temple at
Drontheim, 109, sacrifices his son to
Odin, 112. 144; attacked bythe Jomsburgh
sea-rovers, 144; defeats them with the
assistance of a sorceress, 145; execution
of the prisoners, 146; his faith in the
sorceress, 148; takes five Skalds with
him, 235.

Halfdan the Black, king of Westfold, etc.,
84; father of Harald Hárfagra, 86; a
real personage, ib.

Harald Hardádra, his generalship at the
battle of Stamford bridge, 168; in the
service of the Byzantine emperors, ib.,
194; story of a siege, 169.
Harald Hárfagra, his tyranny, 75; re-
nounces the Scandinavian gods before
the introduction of Christianity, 121:
conquers Norway and prohibits piracy,
182; banishes Rollo for breaking the
law, 183; his absolute power, 187; re-
wards the Skalds, 235; introduces the
feudal system, 280.

Hastings, a sea-king, story of, 170.
Hati, the wolf that pursues the moon, 407.
Háva-mál, the Eddaic Poem, translation
of, 367.

Hebrides, sale of, 191.

Heidrun, the she goat in Valhalla, 431.
Heimdall, porter to the gods, 95; his
powers, ib.; will slay Loki, 96. 103;
sounds his trumpet in the last ages, 102;
Eddaic account of, 421; at Ragnarok,
452.

Hela, or Death, begotten by Loki, 96; her
residence, 106; Eddaic account of, 423.
Hellenic race, 42.

Helluland, notices concerning, 252. 270.272.
Hermod, his journey to Hel, 448.
Hilda, mother of Rollo, 183.
Hindostanic race, 42.

Hlidskjálf, throne of Odin, 406.
Hödur, the blind god, 422; kills Baldur,
446.

Holmgang;-see Duels.
Hrimfaxi, the horse, 406.

Hrimthursar, or frost giant, origin of, 402.
Human species, varieties of, 27.
Hvergelmir, the spring, 401.
Hymir, the giant, accompanies Thor in
fishing for the Midgard serpent, 444.

Iceland, manuscripts found there, 74;
writers of, 75; its first inhabitants, ib.;
the Skalds, ib.; character of their annals

and traditions, 76; two celebrated tem.
ples there, 109; early discovery of, 187-
wooden crosses found there, 189; descrip;
tion of, 281; colonization of, 284; cere-
monies of the emigration, ib.; of landing,
286; ceremonies of the colonists in taking
possession, 287.

Icelanders, their contests, 288, exchange
of possessions, 289; government of their
chiefs, ib.; established by Ulfliot, 290;
classes of society, ib.; division of the
country, ib.; the Things and Thingsteads,
291; the Al-thing, 292; their code of
laws, see Grágás; manners and cus-
toms of, 309; concubinage allowed, 312;
judicial formalities required in marriage
contracts, 315; rights of women, 316;
frequency of divorce, 317; freedom of
wives, 318; loose conduct, 319; cere-
mony of legitimation, 320; laws relating
to kissing and elopements, ib.; stories
of, 321. 339. 345; literature of, 362;
Eddaic literature, ib.; Skaldic literature,
379; construction of Icelandic verse, 380;
its resemblance to Greek and Latin hexa-
meters, 385; Saga literature, 386; modern
literature of, 396; embrace Christianity,
470.

Iduna, wife of Bragi, 421; carried away by
Thjassi, 460.

Indrid, story of, in the Icelandic chronicle,

116.

Ingialld Illradi, the last king of the Yngling
dynasty, 85; succeeded by Ivar Vidfami,
ib.; account of his ancestors in the Yng-
Ingolf, his settlement in Iceland, 188. 286.
linga-saga fictitious, ib.
Inscriptions, northern, 73; modern date

of, 76.

Iranic race, 43.

Ivar Vidfami succeeds Ingialld, 85; ae-
count of by Saxo fictitious, ib.

James III. obtains the Orkney and Shet-
land Isles on a mortgage, 191.
Jomsburgh sea-rovers, origin of, 139;
government of, 140; proceedings of, 141;
visit King Svend, 143; their expedition,
144; defeated, and several prisoners
taken, 145; treatment of the prisoners,
ib.; their bravery, 146.

Jormungand, the serpent, begotten by
Loki, 96. 423; fished for by Thor, 445;
death of, 102. 453.

Julin, a sea-port of the Vends, 139; de-
stroyed by Valdemar I., ib.

Jury, trial by, origin of, note, 292, note, 521.

Kingiktorsoak stone, 247; its inscription,
248.

Kings, election of among the northern
nations, 123, 124, 128.

Kissing, Icelandic law against, 320. 336;
royal decision of a kissing case, 337.
Kjartan, son of Olaf Pá, in love with Gu-
druna, 346; his swimming match with
king Olaf Tryggvason, 349; embraces
Christianity. 351; his interview with the
Lady Ingjibjörg, 353; his fasting, 354;
marries Hrefna, 355; killed by Bolli,

358.

Kormak's Saga, abstract of, 321.
Kormak, the Scandinavian Petrarca, his
betrothal to Steingerda, 322; his duel
with Bersi, 325; his tender interview with
Steingerda, 332: his duel with Tintein,
335; has to pay for kissing Steingerda,
336; his death, 339.

Landnámabók, account of, 391; ancedotes
from, 287, 288, 289. 316. 319.
Language of the early European nations,
difference in, 16; affinity between the
Celtic and Teutonic, 23; classification of,

30.

Lapps differ from the Finns, 41; notices
of, ib.; ancient possessions in Scandinavia,
69.
Laws and institutions of the Teutons, 122;
as described by Tacitus, ib; its free
character, 124; preservation of liberty,
125; of the Scandinavians, their election
of kings, 128; their little need of civil
laws, 129; principle of revenge, ib. ;
compensation for injuries, 130; of the
Saxons, ib.; relating to murder, 131;
theft, ib.; judiciary combats, ordeals,
etc., 132; relating to adultery, rapes,
etc., 205; of the ancient Icelanders, 289;
code of, see Grágás; concerning con-
cubinage, 313; betrothals and marriages,
315; divorce, 316; legitimation, 320;
against kissing, ib.

Laxdæla Saga, abstract of, 345.
Legitimation, Icelandic law of, 320.
Leif, son of Eirek, converts Greenland to
Christianity, 245; his discoveries in Ame-
rica, 252.

Liberty, preservation of, amongst the
Teutons, 125.

Logogryphs, enigmas of the Skalds, 239.
Lögsögumadr presided over the Al-thing,
294; his power, 296.

Loki, the evil principle of the Scandina-
vians, 95; his character in the Edda, 96 ;
his children, ib.; will be slain by Heim-
dall, ib., 103; helps to recover Thor's
mallet, 375; Eddaic account of, 422;
story of, 433; goes with Thor to the land
of giants, 435; effects the death of Baldur,
445; his flight and punishment, 449; de-
ceives Iduna, 460.

Longinus, Cassius, defeated by the Cimbri,
63.
Luctatius, Catulus, elected consul with
Marius, 63; marches against the Cimbri,
64.66, 67.

Luna, story of the siege of, 171.

Magic of the Scandinavians, 227.
Magnus Barefoot, son of Olaf, his con-
quests, 190.

Magnus Lagabätter sells the Hebrides and
Isle of Man, 191.
Magnusen, Finn, character of his theories,
477; his theory of the All Father, 483.
497; his explanation of the Yggdrasill
myth, 488; of Nastrond, 497; of Gimli,
499; his arrangement of the deities, etc.;
504; arrangement of the Scandinavian
worlds, 506.

Magyars, striking resemblance of their
civil institutions with those of the Scan-
dinavians, note, 277; ib. 279; ib. 293; ib.
295.

Man, varieties of, 27.
Man, Isle of, sale of, 191.

Marco Polo, his travels led to Columbus's
discovery, 268.

Margaret, Queen, monopolized the trade
of Iceland, Greenland, etc., 246.
Markland, notices concerning, 252. 270.
272.

Maritime Expeditions of the Scandina-
vians, 172.

Marius elected consul, 63; marches against
the Cimbri, 64; his peculiar tactics,
ib.; defeats the Ambrones, 65; the Teu-
tons, 66; the Cimbri, 67; entitled
"Third Founder of Rome," 68.

Marriage customs of the Celts and Teutons
compared, 9; of the Scandinavians, 202;
punishments for breaches of, 205; Ice-
landic laws relating to, 305; contracted
to save reputations, 314; story of, ib.;
betrothal, 315; power of married wo-
men, 316; divorces, ib.; story of, 317;
stories relating to, 321. 339. 345.
Melkorka, daughter of the Irish king Mur-
catoc, her romantic story, 313.
Midgard, 405;-see Jormungand.
Mimir's well, 411.

Mithridates defeated by Pompey, 79.
Money, amongst the Scandinavians, 218.
Moon, Eddaic account of, 407.
Muspellheim, 401, 402.
Mythology, Scandinavian, 90; the worship
of Odin, of Frigga and Freyja, 93; of
Thor, 94; of the other gods and god-
desses, 95; the court of the gods, 96;
the three Fates, 97; description of Chaos,
96; creation of the earth, 98; compared
with general tradition, 99; its peculiar
character, 100; its effects 101. 106; final
destiny of the world, 102; immortality
of the soul, 103; its conformity with
Christianity, 104; future abodes of the
good and wicked, ib.; occupations of the
heroes in Valhalla, ib.; the abode of the
miserable, 106; translations from the
Elder Edda, 367; of the Prose Edda,
397; critical examination of the system,
464; Scandinavian and Persian systems
compared, 472; various explanations of
myths, 477; compared with the Brah-
minical doctrines, 479; the Yggdrasill
myth, 488; places of eternal punishment,
498; of celestial bliss, 499; arrangement
of the deities, 504; of the worlds, 506;
-see also Religion.

Naddod, the first discoverer of Iceland, 187.
Naglfar, the ship made of dead men's
nails, 452.

Nanna, wife of Baldur, 407; dies with
grief at his death, 448.

Naströnd, the future place of punishment,
104; noticed in the Prose Edda, 456;
Finn Magnusen's theory of, 497.
Newfoundland, discovery of, 264.
Nidhogg, 411, 412, 413.

Niflheim, description of, 106; formation
of, 401; situation of, 505.
Night, Eddaic account of, 406.
Nithing, explanation of, 154; account of
the Nithing post, 155; stories of, 156;
laws respecting, 157; Nithing verse-wri-
ters punished by the Icelandic law, 302.
Njals-saga, abstract of, 339.

Njord, god of the sea and winds, 95; Eddaic
account of, 418; story of his marriage
to Skadi, 461.

Normans;-see Northmen.
Norns, or Destinies, 412, 413.
Northmen defeat the French, 175; under
Rollo, 184; established in France, 185;
conquer England, 186; discover Iceland,
187; discover Greenland under Eirek,
244; America under Leif, 245. 252; un-
der Bjarni, 251; under Thorvald, 253;
under Thorstein, Thorfinn, etc., 255;
skirmishes with the Skrællings, 258;
quarrel about the women, 259: evidence
concerning their discoveries, 261.
Norway, chronicle of the kings of, 84; re-
ligious grottos there, 108; human sacri-
fices, 114; oracles, 116; election of its
kings, 129; its earlier state, 277; tenure
of its lands, ib.; government, 278; feudal
system introduced, 280;-see Scandina-
vians, Icelanders.

Odin, the so-called historical, epoch of his
arrival in Denmark, 61. 85; tradition
concerning, 79; defeated by the Romans,
ib.; assumes the name of the chief god,
80; marches to the north of Europe, ib.;
subdues Denmark, and makes his son,
Skjöld, king, 81; enters Sweden, and
is worshipped as a divinity, ib.; suc-
ceeds to the throne, ib.; conquers Nor-
way, and appoints his son, Saming, king,
82; his death and character, ib.; con-
founded with the deity, 83; his character
in the Icelandic chronicles, ib.; legend of
in the Ynglinga Saga, eritically exa-
mined, 84. 393.

Odin, the Scandinavian deity, 91; his attri-
butes according to the Edda, 92; his wife
Frigga, 93; his son Thor, 94; Baldur,
96; his conduct in the last ages, 103;
hall of, 105; worshipped in the temple
at Upsal, 110; festival in honour of, 111;
human sacrifices to him, 112; his grove
at Upsal, 113; hall of, 151; guarded the
burial deposits of the Scandinavians, 214;
story of in the Elder Edda, 365; Eddaic
account of his birth, 403; creates the
earth, 404; man and woman, 406; the
golden age, 409; description of, 415, 416;
his ravens, 430; at Ragnarök, 415; story
of his obtaining the poetical mead, 461.
Olaf Pá, a celebrated Icelandic chieftain, his
birth, 313; his political influence, 327;
his succession feast, 346; his death, 359;
-see Kjartan.

Olaf, St., anecdote of, 120.

Olaf, son of Ingialld, retires from Sweden
to the Vænir lake, 85; ridiculed as a
wood-cutter, 86; burnt to death, ib.; his
descendants, ib.

| Olaf Thordson, author of the Skalda, 379.
Olaf Tryggvason, king of Norway, razes
the temple at Drontheim, 109; instances
in his history of unbelieving warriors,
119, 120; takes three Skalds with him
to battle, 236; his swimming match with
Kjartan, 349: his zeal for the propaga-
tion of Christianity, 351, 352.
Oracles, Scandinavian, 116.
Ordeals, various kinds of, 132.
Orkney islands, mortgage of, 191.

Palnatoki, chief of the Jomsburgh sea-
rovers, 139; his government and laws,
140; refuses to admit Vagn, 141; his
death, 142.

Paris, investment of, 168.
Persian mythology compared with the
Scandinavian, 472.

Piracy amongst the ancients, 173.
Poetry cultivated by the Icelanders, 75;
degree of evidence to be attached to it,
77; used in divinations, 117; satirical,
158; used in the relation of exploits,
ib.; its priority to prose, 233; never
committed to writing, 234; style and cha-
racter of, 237; founded on their mytho-
logy, 238; Icelandic laws relating to,
302; construction of Icelandic verse,
380; story of its origin, 461.
Poets; see Skalds.

Polygamy in Scandinavia, 312.
Poor-laws amongst the Icelanders, 304.
Priests, German, power vested in, 115.
Prophetesses amongst the Scandinavians,

200.

Ragnar Lodbrok king, 105; his death,
149. 383; increase of the fleet during his
reign, 177; his Death Song, 235. 383.
Ragnarök, or the twilight of the gods, 102.
104; Eddaic account of, 451.
Religion of the Celts and Teutons com-
pared, 11; of the Scandinavians, its pri-
mitive character, 87; corruptions and
fables of, see Mythology; includes a belief
in the immortality of the soul, 103; its
conformity with Christianity, 104; its
character, 106; temples and altars of,
107; grottos, 108; festivals, 110; sacri-
fices, 111; ceremonies, 113; oracles, 116;
divinations, 111; auguries, 118; its con-
nection with war, 138; its real character,
468.476.

Reykjarvik, capital of Iceland, origin of,