educational work in Wilmington, N. C.; and then came north and preached in West Springfield and other places. Henry W. Blake attended Monson Academy and entered Williams College, where he was graduated with the class of 1871. Among his classmates and friends were Judge Dunbar, of our superior court; Professor Terrett, of Hamilton College, and Frank Foxcroft, of Cambridge. Mr. Blake displayed a fondness for writing, and contributed to the Williams Quarterly. After leaving Williamstown he taught in North Carolina for a year or two, and was for a time with General Armstrong at the Hampton (Va.) Institute.

But his bent was toward newspaper and literary work, and about 1877 Mr. Blake became a member of The Republican staff. His earlier work with the paper was as a news-gatherer up and down the Connecticut valley in Hampshire and Franklin counties, and he made many friends in that region. There were some whom he especially esteemed, like the Champneys, of Deerfield, while the best people of two county seats came to know and value him. Later on he did more work in Springfield, and came to largely direct the work of the local department. His work was done with the utmost faithfulness and conscientionsness, and he was greatly respected by his employers and associates. After about ten years of this service, Mr. Blake withdrew, in 1888, to establish an advertising agency in company with William P. Derby. The business not meeting his expectations, Mr. Blake, within a year or two, made an engagement with Milton Bradley, and, for seven years until his death, was the head of the educational department of the Milton Bradley Co., and editor of the Kindergarten News. His training had especially fitted him for this work, and it was to his liking. He gained a broad knowledge of educational matters and a wide acquaintance with educators, while the kindergarten monthly publication gave him the field in which to indulge his fondness for writing. All who have read it will agree that the Kindergarten News was edited with exceptional taste and care, while his own contributions were always of value.

His was a

Mr. Blake was always regardful of his duties as a citizen. religious nature, and during his life in Springfield he was identified with church work, first at the Memorial Church and of late with Park Church, where he was one of the deacons.

Walter M. Jay

On September 2, 1896, our beloved brother and fellow-worker, Walter M. Jay, was called to his reward. He was born April 25, 1857, at Elmwood, Peoria county, Ill. Graduating in the high school at that place, he entered Knox College at Galesburg, Ill., completing the full classical

course four years later. He entered a law office and was admitted to the bar in 1878. After practicing law for about a year, he accepted the superintendency of the Avon city schools. In August, 1883, he married Miss Grace Townsend, immediately moving to Wellington, Kan., serving as superintendent of city schools there for four years. He again resumed the practice of law at Van Buren, Ark.; but later he accepted the superintendency of the Beloit, Kan., schools. In August, 1890, he was elected headmaster and bursar of St. John's Military School, at Salina. From the moment he assumed the duties of his new office his friends recognized his eminent fitness for the place. His education and experience enabled him to adapt himself at once to the great work of building up and enlarging the influence of the school. His fine social qualities and his readiness as a public speaker gave him recognition wherever he went, and at the time of his death the school had entered upon an era of great promise. The purity of his life and nobleness of his aim, and the devotion with which he consecrated himself to the discharge of every trust confided to him, awakened the profoundest respect and the hearty co-operation of young and old. One who knew him well says: "He was great in honest, earnest purpose. One of his cardinal virtues was his unselfish devotion to the good of others."

Edwin A. Charlton

Edwin Azro Charlton, eldest child of Walter and Mindwell Charlton, was born in Littleton, N. H., September 29, 1828. Died November 14, 1897.

In

He graduated from Dartmouth College in the class of 1854. Under the administration of President Lord, class honors were not in vogue, but Mr. Charlton's record placed him in the first third of the class, numbering fifty-seven, giving him election to the honorary Phi Beta Kappa Society. The next fall he became principal of the Haverhill Academy, then resuscitated after a long lapse, and remained there one year. September, 1855, he went to Gilmanton, N. H., and was preceptor of the academy one year and a term, returning to Claremont in the beginning of 1857 to take up the study of his chosen profession, law, in the office of Freeman & McClure. Early in April, 1857, he was called to Lockport, N. Y., to take the principalship of the Union School. Here he remained for four years, teaching with such inarked success, and so enjoying the work, that he abandoned all thought of the law. From this position. he was called to the vice-principalship of the Union School in Schenectady, N. Y., where he remained until the summer of 1862. In March of that year he was married to Helen Elizabeth, daughter of Judge Alfred

Holmes, of Lockport, N. Y., and in the fall returned to Gilmanton to again assume the duties of preceptor of the academy. However, he remained only one year; the board of education of Schenectady offering him the place of city superintendent of schools, he returned to that city and resided there for five years. Receiving an urgent call to come to Auburn, N. Y., as city superintendent of schools and principal of the high school, he accepted it, but the climate did not agree with him, and after two years of successful and agreeable work he was peremptorily bidden by his physician to try another climate. Being invited to the presidency of the First State Normal School of Wisconsin, at Platteville, he resigned his position in Auburn and went west in the fall of 1870. He remained in this school eight years and a term, when he permanently retired from the teacher's profession. In the spring of 1879 he purchased the Brodhead Independent, a weekly paper published at Brodhead, Wis., and continued to edit the paper till the time of his death. Tho not engaged in the actual work of the schoolroom, Mr. Charlton did not lose his interest in education. How highly his work was esteemed is shown by the fact that, in 1884, his former pupils in the normal school made him a life member of the National Educational Association.

His evident literary taste was shown the first year after his graduation in the preparation of a book entitled New Hampshire as It Is, which met with reasonable success. Owing to the pressure of professional duties and a lack of physical strength, he performed but little literary work in the later years, except in occasional addresses, school reports, etc., but his writings are all marked by the use of "classic English," and he was highly esteemed as a critic for his candor and his scholarly ability.

DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTENDENCE'

CHATTANOOGA MEETING

SECRETARY'S MINUTES

FIRST DAY

MORNING SESSION.-TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1898

The Department of Superintendence was called to order at 10:30 A. M., in the New Auditorium, by the president, N. C. Schaeffer, of Harrisburg, Pa.

Hon. E. Watkins, mayor of Chattanooga, delivered an address of welcome on behalf of the citizens of Chattanooga.

Hon. Price Thomas, state superintendent of public instruction, Nashville, Tenn., extended a welcome on behalf of the state.

Hon. Henry Houck, of Harrisburg, Pa., replied to the words of welcome in the name of the department.

C. J. Baxter, state superintendent, Trenton, N. J., read a paper on "The Township High School," which was discussed by J. Q. Emery, state superintendent, Madison, Wis.; W. W. Stetson, state superintendent, Augusta, Me.; A. K. Whitcomb, city superintendent, Lowell, Mass.; R. K. Buehrle, superintendent of schools, Lancaster, Pa.; W. W. Pendergast, state superintendent of public instruction, Hutchinson, Minn., and John MacDonald, editor Western School Journal, Topeka, Kan.

The department then adjourned.

AFTERNOON SESSION

The afternoon was devoted to a conference on the educational problems in the South, conducted by G. G. Bond, superintendent of city schools, Athens, Ga.

The first topic considered was: "What Kind of Normal Training Should the Common-School Teacher Receive?" It was discussed by E. C. Branson, professor of pedagogy, State Normal School, Athens, Ga.; W. N. Sheats, state superintendent, Tallahassee, Fla., and W. F. Slaton, superintendent of city schools, Atlanta, Ga. “A Plan for the Better Supervision of the Common Schools" was the second topic, and was presented by Charles D. McIver, president Normal and Industrial School, Greensboro, N. C., and discussed by Otis Ashmore, Savannah, Ga.; Superintendent Sheats, Tallahassee, Fla.; Captain George Le Roy Brown, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn.; J. S. Wilson, St. Elmo, Tenn.; Hon. R. J. Guinn, Atlanta, Ga.; Superintendent J. H. Phillips, Birmingham, Ala.; W. B. Thompson, Chattanooga; J. N. Rogers, Sandersville, Ga., and Superintendent Pendergast, of Minnesota. 'What the Negro Gets from Common-School Education in the South and What He Gives to It" was the third topic, which was discussed by G. R. Glenn, state superintendent, Atlanta, Ga.

1 By resolution of the Department of Superintendence at its meeting in Indianapolis, Ind., February 17, 1897, the Secretary was directed to use the following amended spellings in all publications of the department, viz.: Program-(programme); tho-(though); altho-(although); thoro―(thorough); thorofare(thoroughfare); thru-(through); thruout-(throughout); catalog (catalogue); prolog (prologue); decalog-(decalogue); demagog -- (demagogue); pedagog― (pedagogue).

The conference of state superintendents on the " Minimum Preparation for Teaching," conducted by Grace Espy Patton, Denver, Colo., met in the Chamber of Commerce. Hon. Price Thomas, of Tennessee, presented a paper on the subject, which was discussed by Hon. O. T. Corson, of Ohio.

EVENING SESSION

President Schaeffer called the meeting to order and appointed the following com

The report of the Committee on Elementary Schools, prepared by Dr. John Dewey, Chicago, Ill., was, in his absence, read by Dr. W. N. Hailmann, Washington, D. C. A violin solo was rendered by Professor Joseph Cadek, of Chattanooga. Martin G. Brumbaugh, professor of pedagogy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., read a paper on "The Mission of the Elementary School," after which the department adjourned.

SECOND DAY

MORNING SESSION.-WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23

The department was called to order at 9:30 by President Schaeffer.
Rev. Dr. J. W. Bachman, of Chattanooga, offered prayer.

The subject for this session was: "What Can Child-Study Contribute to the Science of Education?" Papers were read by Professor J. P. Gordy, Columbus, O., and Professor R. P. Halleck, Louisville, Ky. The subject was further discussed by Professor Charles O. Hoyt, Ypsilanti, Mich.

BUSINESS SESSION

Professor Ossian H. Lang, New York city, as chairman of the Committee on the, Minimum Standard of Professional Requirements of Teachers, asked that the committee be given at least one year more for the completion of its plans and recommendations. On motion, this request was granted by the department.

Dr. Hailmann called up the resolution offered by the Committee on Elementary Education and asked for its adoption by the department. On motion, it was laid on the table, to be considered at the business session of Thursday.

The selection of a place for holding the next meeting of the department was then taken up.

Invitations were received from the following cities: Columbus, O.; Albany, N. Y.; Asheville, N. C.; Detroit, Mich.; Austin, Tex. A vote of preference was then taken, with the following result: Columbus, 75; Detroit, 17; Austin, 12; Albany, 5; Asheville, 3. The session then adjourned.

AFTERNOON SESSION

The afternoon session was devoted to a conference on "School Hygiene," conducted by Superintendent G. V. Buchanan, Sedalia, Mo. Superintendent Carroll G. Pearse, Omaha, Neb., read a paper prepared by Dr. W. A. Mowry, Hyde Park, Mass., on Lighting and Seating of Schoolrooms," after which it was discussed by Superintendent F. Louis Sol

66