lime and water for four or five hours, and then allowing it to soak for a day in a tan-pit. In the absence of other ingredients, both gut and hair may be easily stained by being left for twenty-four hours in strong tea, either with or without a few logwood scrapings. In the former case you had better not drink the tea.

The hair to be dyed ought to be selected from the best white. Silken or hempen lines may be tinted by a decoction of oak bark, which is said to add to the durability of these materials.

We shall speak of flies, both small and great, when we come to treat in more detail of trout and salmon. But we may here observe that the rich and varied supply of all kinds of tackle, which may be obtained in the shops of the principal dealers in our larger cities, induces us to abstain from extended descriptions of the angler's gear, especially of the different hooks employed in minnow and other baitfishing, as such details are not very intelligible without the aid of numerous engravings. More knowledge will be gained by a few minutes' inspection of the articles themselves in the hands of an intelligent workman, than can be conveyed by the most elaborate treatise on the subject.

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CHAPTER II.

ON THE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF

FISHES.

SECTION I.

Introductory Observations.

THE natural history of Fishes may be greatly promoted by anglers, and some knowledge of that history assuredly adds interest to the pursuits of the sportsman. He ought, therefore, to be able to skin and prepare his specimens, to observe and describe them with precision, and to dissect them with sufficient skill to take cognizance both of their external parts and their internal structure. Every naturalist, on the other hand, should be an angler, and that for more reasons than one. In the remoter and less peopled districts of the country, which so frequently present the most interesting fields for observation, he has no means of inspecting the finny tribes except by capturing them propria manu, and his doing so will greatly con

tribute, not only to his scientific knowledge, but his social comfort,-trouts when newly angled and nicely fried, being worthy of admiration, as choice productions of nature adorned by the skill of art. But this latter branch of our subject comes so home to the business and bosoms" of all men, that we need not here dilate upon it.

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In the hope, however, that some useful knowledge may be conveyed to the minds of our young readers through the medium of the present work, we intend to devote a portion of our space to a brief introduction regarding the organic structure and physiology of fishes. We know, from experience, that time may hang heavy even on the hands of anglers, who are seldom either feeble or faint-hearted men.

We know that spring (all genial though it be in poet's fancy) has yet its frequent flaky snows on mead and mountain, its spiky ice along the crystal stream; —that summer in its sun-lit splendour suffers its long-enduring droughts, its sudden speats, and fearful overflows;-that melancholy autumn, in spite of all its mild effulgence, is not seldom violent, and perturbed

"By lightning, by fierce winds, by trampling waves ;" -and that each of these conditions of time and space is adverse to the angler's art. Even with every sweet advantage yielded by cheerful spring, by glorious summer, by refulgent autumn (we now seek to sooth the seasons by more endearing terms), daylight does not last for ever, and so the angler cannot always ply his trade. Of night fish