ToneCambridge University Press, 15. aug. 2002 - 341 sider The sounds of language can be divided into consonants, vowels, and tones--the use of pitch to convey meaning. Seventy percent of the world's languages use pitch in this way. Assuming little or no prior knowledge of the topic, this textbook provides a clearly organized introduction to tone and tonal phonology. Comprehensive in scope, it examines the main types of tonal systems found in Africa, the Americas, and Asia, using examples from the widest- possible range of tone languages. |
Indhold
Introduction | xxxiv |
12 How is tone produced? | xxxiv |
Phonetics and phonology | xxxiv |
14 The place of phonology in the larger grammar | 12 |
15 The organization of this book | 14 |
Contrastive tone | 17 |
22 Tonal notations | 18 |
23 Fieldwork issues | 21 |
52 Syntax | 113 |
53 Summary | 129 |
African languages | 130 |
Igbo | 162 |
Asian and Pacific languages | 171 |
71 Cantonese Chinese | 174 |
72 Mandarin Chinese | 178 |
73 Wu Chinese | 185 |
24 Contrasting level tones | 24 |
25 Location number and type of rising and falling tones | 27 |
26 Tone and vowel quality | 31 |
27 Consonant types and tone | 33 |
the birth of tones | 35 |
Tonal features | 39 |
32 Numbers of level tones | 42 |
33 Contours | 47 |
34 Feature geometry | 52 |
35 Relationship to laryngeal features | 56 |
36 Binarity markedness and underspecification | 61 |
The autosegmental nature of tone and its analysis in Optimality Theory | 65 |
41 Characteristics of tone | 66 |
42 Autosegmental representations | 72 |
43 The bare bones of Optimality Theory | 77 |
44 An OT treatment of the central properties of tone | 82 |
45 Tonal behaviour and its OT treatment | 84 |
46 Some Bantu phenomena in OT | 89 |
47 Initial lefttoright association | 93 |
48 Extrametricality | 96 |
49 Relation between tone and stress | 97 |
410 The Obligatory Contour Principle | 99 |
Tone in morphology and in syntax | 105 |
51 Morphology | 106 |
74 Min Chinese | 189 |
75 Types of tonal changes found in Chinese | 195 |
76 TibetoBurman | 196 |
77 AustroTai | 202 |
78 MonKhmer | 206 |
79 A coda | 208 |
The Americas | 212 |
82 North America | 238 |
83 South America | 246 |
Tone stress accent and intonation | 255 |
92 Tone assignment in stress languages | 257 |
93 Accentual languages | 258 |
a reminder of prosodic hierarchy | 260 |
95 An OT account of Roermond Dutch | 279 |
96 Phrasing speech rate stylistics | 283 |
97 Conclusion | 288 |
Perception and acquisition of tone | 289 |
102 Firstlanguage acquisition | 295 |
103 Secondlanguage acquisition | 309 |
| 311 | |
| 335 | |
| 339 | |
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Almindelige termer og sætninger
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Henvisninger til denne bog
An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology John Clark,Collin Yallop,Janet Fletcher Ingen forhåndsvisning - 2007 |
Regionale Prosodie im Deutschen: Variabilität in der Intonation von ... Peter Gilles Begrænset visning - 2005 |