LEE, JOHN K., M.D., 3800 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Lefever, Isaac, M.D., Mechanicsburg, Cumberland County, Pa. Lehmann, Hermann, Mt. Airy, Hamilton County, Ohio. Lemon, William D., M.D., Jacksonville, Morgan County, Ill. 187 Leuthstrom, Chas. Augustus, M.D., 412 Milwaukee Street, Milwaukee, Wis. Lichtenwallner, M. D., M.D., Macungy, Lehigh County, Pa. LILIENTHAL, SAMUEL, M.D., 230 West Twenty-fifth Street, New York. Link, Christian, Litchfield, Montgomery County, Ill. LIPPE, ADOLPH, M.D., 1204 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Lippe, Constantine, M.D., Tremont, Westchester County, N.Y. Lord, Fred. Augustus, M.D., 11534 Indiana Avenue, Chicago, Ill. Loucks, John, M.D., Three Mile Bay, N.Y. LOUGEE, WILLIAM HATCH, M.D., Lawrence, Essex County, Mass. Lowe, Lewis Gould, M.D., Bridgewater, Mass. Lowes, Jos. E., M.D., Dayton, Ohio. Lowrey, Palmer R., M.D., Stanfordville, Dutchess County, N.Y. Lukins, B. F., M.D., Sidney, Shelby County, Ohio. Lutes, Charles H., M.D., Ligonier, Noble County, Ind. McCants, Archibald C., M.D., Jacksonville, Fla. MCCLATCHEY, ROBERT J., M.D., 916 North Tenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. McDonald, Wm. Ogden, M.D., 22 West Twenty-ninth Street, New York city. MACFARLAND, LAFAYETTE, M.D., 1492 Washington St., Boston, Mass. McGeorge, Wallace, M.D., Hightstown, Mercer County, N. J. McLinn, Geo. H., M.D., Buchanan, Mich. McManus, Geo. D., M.D., Oswego, N. Y. MCMURRAY, ROBERT, M.D., 192 Second Avenue, New York city. Mahon, Chas. L., M.D., Smyrna, Del. MALIN, JOHN, M.D:, 4847 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Mansfield, William Q., M.D., Richmond, Va. Manso, Edward, Chillicothe, Livingston County, Mo. Manwaring, Joel M., M.D., Mishawaka, St. Joseph County, Ind. MARSDEN, JOHN HATTON, M.D., York Sulphur Springs, Adams County, Pa. Marshall, Alden V., M.D., West Cornwall, Vt. Marshall, Samuel, M D., Washington, Iowa. Martin, C. H., M.D., Allentown, Pa. MARTIN, HENRY NOAH, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa. MARTIN, JOS. LLOYD, M.D., Baltimore, Md. Martin, Robert W., M.D., Elizabeth, N. J. Marvin, LeRoy, M.D., 716 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, Ill. Marweg, Gustav, M.D., 178 Third Street, New York city. MASON, STEPHEN, R., M.D., Sheffield, Bureau County, Ill. Masser, Jacob B., M.D., Sunbury, Pa. Massey, Isaiah B., M.D., Sandusky, Erie County, Ohio. MATTHES, G. FELIX, M.D., New Bedford, Mass. MAYER, MARTIN, M.D., Leavenworth, Kansas. Mercer, Robert P., M.D., Chester, Pa. Metzger, Charles, M.D., Lima, Allen County, Ohio. Middleton, Caleb S., M.D., 642 North Tenth Street, Philadelphia. Miles, Daniel D., M.D., Boonville, Cooper County, Mo. Miller, Chas. W., M.D., Onargo, Iroquois County, Ill. MOFFAT, REUBEN C., M.D., 10 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Monell, John F., M.D., 82 Bond Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. MONTANYE, WILLIAM D. L., M.D., Rondout, Ulster County, N. Y. Moor, Peter, M.D., Neenah, Wis. Moore, Francis R., M.D. 715 Chestnut Street, St. Louis, Mo. Moore, Volney L., M. D., Waukesha, Wis. MORGAN, A. R., M.D., 10 Livingston Place, New York city. Morgan, Edward Jay, M.D., Ithaca, Tompkins County, N. Y. Morgan, Walter F., M. D., Leavenworth, Kansas. MORRILL, ALPHEUS, M.D., Concord, N. H. MORRILL, EZEKIEL, M.D., Salem, Essex County, Mass. MORRILL, SHADRACH C., M.D., Concord, N. H. MORSE, NATHAN R., M.D., Salem, Mass. Morton, J. K., M.D., Lexington, Ky. Mower, I. W., M.D., West Schuyler, Herkimer County, N. Y. Mullen, Frank, M.D., Westfield, Mass. MUNGER, ERASTUS A., M.D., Waterville, Oneida County, N. Y. Murrell, William J., M.D., Mobile, Ala. NEIDHARD, CHARLES, M.D., 1020 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Newcomb, Geo. V., M.D., 149 Adelphi Street, Rrooklyn, N. Y. NICHOLS, FRANK, M.D., Hoboken, N. Y. Nicolay, William J., M.D., Minier, Ill. Oehme, Ferdinand Gustave, M.D., Plymouth, Mass. Okie, Abraham H., M.D., Providence, R. I. ORME, FRANCIS H., M.D., Atlanta, Ga. ORMES, CORNELIUS, M.D., Jamestown, N. Y. Ostrander, L. B., M.D., Clinton City, Clinton County, Iowa. Outwater, Johu, M.D., Jonesville, Hillsdale County, Mich. Packard, L. D., M.D., Broadway and Dorchester Streets, Boston, Mass. PAINE, JOSEPH P., M.D., Boston Highlands, Mass. Palmer, Geo. B., M.D., East Hamilton, Madison County, N. Y. PALMER, MILES W., M.D., 235 East Eighteenth Street, New York city. Palmer, William K., M.D., Rock Falls, Ill. Pardee, Ward C., M.D., Monroe Street, near Franklin Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y. Parmlec, Ezra, M.D., Morley, St. Lawrence County, N. Y. Patchen, George H., M.D., Burlington, Iowa. Patchen, T. J., M.D., Fond du Lac, Wis. Payne, Nelson Millar, M.D., Dover, N. H. PEARSALL SAMUEL J., M.D., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. PEARSON, WILLIAM, M.D., South Hadley Falls, Mass. Peck, Oliver I., M.D., North Chatham, N. Y. ABSTRACT OF A LECTURE BY PROF. WM. TOD HELMUTH, M.D., ST. LOUIS. Reported by Ambrose Everett. THE Institutes of Medicine are limited strictly to three branches, Physiology, Pathology and Therapeutics. In a wider range there may be included with these not only whatever relates to the cure of the sick, but also all facts which have a close relationship with the phenomena of health as well as of disease: for a knowledge of every such fact is of service in forming a correct estimate of the nature and relative importance of morbid symptoms, and in devising means for their removal. Our notice of Physiology must be limited to an outline only, together with a mere enumeration of some general facts which are accepted by the most enlightened authorities; and we, believers in the great principle of similia similibus curantur, are the more gratified to discover that, as we advance in these branches of science, we find more and more to confirm the views which we advocate. We are able to trace in physiology and pathology the operation of the law of homoeopathy, and understand why the infinitesimal doses which we use serve to remove disease. If the eminent masters in these departments could divest themselves of their preconceived notions, and examine without prejudice the law which was discovered, established, and applied by the illustrious Hahnemann, they would receive it with admiration, and acknowledge it with thankfulness. By Physiology is meant the phenomena of health, those pre sented in the healthy performance of the functions of the human organism. In other words, it is the science of life. Pathology signifies a deviation from such healthy performance; it means the phenomena of disease. Pathological Physiology includes Etiology, or the doctrine of the causes of disease. By Semeiology or Semiotics is understood the signs or symptoms of disease. Such signs as precede the disease are called prodromic, such as accompany the disease, diagnostic, and those from which an opinion is formed of the probable duration or termination of the disease, prognostic, signs. By Therapeutics is understood the application of means for the removal of pathological conditions, with a view to the restoration of health. In contemplating the animal organism, we are forcibly impressed with its apparent complexity, and with the mystery of its modus operandi. In all its phenomena, a formative principle and a unity of design are strikingly manifest. A vital or governing principle has always been recognized. It is the foundation of the changes which organic beings undergo. In popular language, its synonyme is life. Of the nature of this power various opinions have been entertained. Even those who would deny its existence, unconsciously admit it to be a reality, generically distinct from everything with which they would confound it. This principle was, by Paracelsus, called sidereal spirit; by Van Helmont, arcticecis; by Stahl, rational soul; and by Haller, the vis inertia or nervæa. By Providential arrangement, a knowledge of its nature is not necessary for practical purposes. Physiologists are of three schools; viz, the Vital, Chemico-vital, and Chemical. The Chemical sect explain the functions of life as they do the processes of inorganic matter, and believe both to be governed by the same laws. The school of Vitalism believes that the laws which govern organic and inorganic matter are entirely distinct, and that organic compounds differ from inorganic in elementary constitution, structural arrangement, combination of atoms, and in all their phe nomena. The vital principle belongs to the vegetable as well as to the animal world. It cannot be evolved or generated by inert matter; but, while plants combine the elements of inorganic matter into organic compounds under the guidance of the vital principle, animals can only appropriate organic compounds. The actions of the vital force are the fundamental causes of the phenomena of health and disease. These conditions, as has already been observed, depend on various causes, many of which contribute to morbid action. As each part of the body has its definite peculiarities, these differences will explain the innumerable modifications of disease. The influence of noxious causes is constantly resisted by the vital principle; and, when this principle is altogether withdrawn, a rapid destruction and decomposition ensue. When an individual of any species is in health, the organic compounds in any given part are always the same at each stage of existence. They are susceptible of modifications in accordance with difference of part, and at such different stages. From the structure of the human tissues and organs, no idea can be formed of their vital qualities or functions; nor can the revelations of the most powerful microscope add to our knowledge on this point. Yet we can understand how certain results follow from peculiar modes of construction of certain organs, as, for example, that certain ends are attained by the mechanism of the eye, or by the position of the valves of the heart. Organic structure consists mainly of tissues: of these, a cellular arrangement is a distinguishing character. Bichat classified the tissues into cellular, nervous, muscular, vascular, osseous, fibrous, erectile, mucous, serous, synovial, glandular, and epidermous or corneous. These tissues differ in structure as well as in function. Vital actions are closely connected with the nervous systems; and, although we often hear of the term, nervous system, applied to the brain and the spinal cord and the nerves proceeding from them, there is another distinct system of nerves, not under the control of |