toms and state, of his own, and other countries, of the history of every civilized nation, and in a word, of every branch of human knowledge.

15. You will not, therefore, forget, that it is not the multitude of its members, which makes a wise legislature, and that innumerable ciphers stand but for nothing. Do not console yourselves with the reflection, that, if you are ignorant of the interests of your country, others are not; and despise the thought of having no other consequence, than barely to be a numerical addition to the legislative body. Inform yourselves with every species of useful knowledge. Remember that you are to act for the empire of America, and for a long succession of ages.

16. Let it be your unceasing care, as well as wish, to improve the arts of husbandry and manufacturing, to enlarge our inland and foreign commerce, and to secure to these states the diffusive benefits of the American fishery. With unwearied attention, endeavor to facilitate the execution of justice, to establish universal good order, to repress licentiousness, to avert the poison of luxury, to stamp infamy on political corruption, to refine our manners, to improve our morals, to increase our naval and military strength, and to fix on an immovable basis, civil and religious liberty.

17. Upon every occasion, let it be your glory, and the end of all your designs, to shine as the patrons of science, the friends of merit, and the brightest examples of religion and virtue. With legislators like these, we may laugh at the impotent malice of other nations, and look forward with rapture to the superlative grandeur and happiness of our own.

18. In the best of all professions, that of an embassador of peace, these views will add one to those innumerable great and generous motives, which may engage you to exert your faculties for the endless happiness of the human race. When you remember that your lot is cast in that land, which, in such a multitude of circumstances, is evidently the favorite of heaven; when you remember that you live amongst the most free, enlightened and virtuous people on earth; when you remember that your labors may contribute to the hastening of that glorious period, when nations shall be spiritually born in a day; with what zeal, with what diligence, with what transport, must you be inspired!

19. What pains will you spare, to clear yourselves from ridiculous and disagreeable defects, and to accomplish yourselves in learning and eloquence! With what fervor will you check the career of iniquity, break the dreams of sloth, pour balm into the wounded spirit, and increase the angelic raptures of piety! Be these your views, these your motives, this the

scope of all your wishes. Proceed with alacrity to execute the exalted design. Spare no labor, no prayer, to furnish_yourselves with every human, every divine accomplishment. Leave nothing undone, which ought to be done; do nothing which ought to be omitted.

20. Let the transitory vanities, the visionary enjoyments of time, fleet by you unnoticed. Point all your views to the elevated scenes of an immortal existence, and remember that this life is but the dawn of your being. Encounter troubles with magnanimity; enjoy prosperity with moderation. Exert every faculty, employ every moment, to advance the glory of your MAKER, and the sum of human happiness. With such citizens, with such a clergy, with such a laity, as are above described, in prospect, we can scarce forbear to address the enraptured hymn of Isaiah to our country, and sing, Arise, shine, for thy light is come, and the glory of the LORD is risen upon thee! Nations shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.

CHAPTER LXV.

COW-TREE, OR MILK-TREE, IN SOUTH AMERICA.-FROM BARON HUMBOLDT'S TRAVELS.

There grows in South America a tree, which is called by a Spanish name, that signifies cow-tree. It is found chiefly along the coast between Barbula and Maracaybo. The tree produces oblong pointed leaves, with a fruit somewhat fleshy, containing one or two nuts. From an incision in the stem, there issues, abundantly, a thick, glutinous, milky fluid, perfectly free from acrimony, and having an agreeable smell. It is drank by the negroes, and free people, who work on the plantations, and travelers drink it without any injurious effect. When exposed to the air, this juice presents on its surface a yellowish, cheesy substance, in thin layers, which are elastic, and in five or six days becomes sour, and afterward offensive.

This is a very interesting fact. We can hardly imagine how the human species could exist without farinaceous substances, the flour of edible grain, and without the nutritious fluid which the breast of the mother supplies for infants. The amylaceous part of flour, or starch, is distributed in the seeds, and deposited in the roots of vegetables; while the milk we use as food, appears to be exclusively the production of animal organization. Such are the impressions we receive in childhood; and hence our surprise at seeing the produce of the cow-tree. A few drops of this vegetable fluid, impress us with an idea of the power and fecundity of nature.

This tree, with dry and leathery foliage, grows on the

parched side of a rock, and its large woody roots scarcely penetrate into the ground. For several months in the year, its leaves are not moistened by a shower; its branches look as if dead and withered; but from its stem, when bored, flows a nourishing milk. It flows most freely at sunrise. At that time the blacks and natives are seen coming from all parts, with large bowls, to receive it. One imagines he sees the family of a shepherd, who is distributing milk to his flock.

DOMESTIC ECONOMY, OR THE HISTORY OF. THRIFTY AND UNTHRIFTY.

There is a great difference among men, in their ability to gain property; but a still greater difference in their powers of using it to advantage. Two men may acquire the same amount of money, in a given time; yet one will prove to be a poor man, while the other becomes rich. A chief and essential duty in the management of property, is, that one man spends only the interest of his money, while another spends the principal.

I know a farmer by the name of THRIFTY, who manages his affairs in this manner. He rises early in the morning, looks to the condition of his house, barn, home-lot, and stock; sees that his cattle, horses, and hogs, are fed; examines the tools, to see whether they are all in good order for the workmen; takes care that breakfast is ready in due season, and begins work in the cool of the day. When in the field, he keeps steadily at work, though not so violently as to fatigue and exhaust the body; nor does he stop to tell or hear long stories. When the labor of the day is past, he takes refreshment, and goes to rest at an early hour. In this manner he earns and gains money.

When Thrifty has acquired a little property, he does not spend it, or let it slip from him, without use or benefit. He pays his taxes and debts when due or called for; so that he has no officer's fees to pay, nor expenses of courts. He does not frequent the tavern, and drink up all his earnings in liquor that does him no good. He puts his money to use, that is, he buys more land, or stock, or lends his money at interest,-in short, he makes his money produce some profit or income. These savings and profits, though small by themselves, amount in a year to a considerable sum, and in a few years they swell to an estate. Thrifty becomes a wealthy farmer, with several hundred acres of land, and a hundred head of cattle.

Very different is the management of UNTHRIFTY. He lies in bed till a late hour in the morning, then rises, and goes to the bottle for a dram, or to the tavern for a glass of bitters. Thus he spends six cents before breakfast, for a dram that makes him

dull and heavy all day. He gets his breakfast late, when he ought to be at work. When he supposes he is ready to begin the work of the day, he finds he has not the necessary tools, or some of them are out of order; the plow-share is to be sent half a mile to a blacksmith to be mended; a tooth or two in a rake, or the handle of a hoe is broke; or a sythe or an ax is to be ground. Now he is in a great hurry; he bustles about to make preparations for work; and what is done in a hurry, is ill done; he loses a part of the day in getting ready, and perhaps the time of his workmen. At ten or eleven o'clock, he is ready to go to work; then comes a boy and tells him the sheep have escaped from the pasture, or the cows have got among his corn, or the hogs into the garden. He frets and storms, and runs to drive them out,—a half hour or more time is lost in driving the cattle from mischief, and repairing a poor, broken fence; a fence that answers no purpose but to lull him into security, and teach his horses and cattle to be unruly. After all this bustle, the fatigue of which is worse than common labor, Unthrifty is ready to begin a day's work at twelve o'clock. Thus half his time is lost in supplying defects which proceed from want of foresight and good management. His small crops are damaged or destroyed by unruly cattle. His barn is open and leaky; and what little he gathers, is injured by the rain and snow. His house is in a like condition; the shingles and clapboards fall off, and let in the water, which causes the timber, floors, and furniture, to decay; and, exposed to the inclemencies of weather, his wife and children fall sick; their time is lost, and the mischief closes with a ruinous train of expenses for medicines and physicians. After dragging out some years of disappointment, misery, and poverty, the lawyer and the sherif sweep away the scanty remains of his estate. This is the history of UNTHRIFTY,-his principal is spent, he has no interest. Not unlike this, is the history of the grog-drinker. This man wonders why he does not thrive in the world; he cannot see the reason why his neighbor Temperance should be more prosperous than himself; but in truth, he makes no calculations. Ten cents a day for grog, is a small sum, he thinks, which can hurt no man! But let us make an estimate; arithmetic is very useful for a man who ventures to spend small sums every day. Ten cents a day amount in a year to thirty-six dollars and a half; a sum sufficient to buy a good farm-horse! This surely is no small sum for a farmer or mechanic. But in ten years, this sum amounts to three hundred and sixty-five dollars, besides interest in the mean time! What an amount is this for drams and bitters in ten years! it is money enough to build a small house! But look at the amount in thirty years! One thousand and ninety-five dollars! What a vast sum to

run down one man's throat in liquor! a sum that will buy a farm sufficient to maintain a small family. Suppose a family to consume a quart of spirits in a day, at twenty-five cents a quart. The amount of this in a year, is ninety-one dollars and a quarter; in ten years, nine hundred and twelve dollars and a half; and in thirty years, two thousand seven hundred and thirty-seven dollars and a half! A great estate may thus be consumed in a single quart of rum! What mischief is done by the love of spiritous liquors!

But, says the laboring man, "I cannot work without spirits; I must have something to give me strength." Then drink something that will give durable nourishment. Of all the substances taken into the stomach, spiritous liquors contain the least nutriment, and add the least to bodily vigor. Malt liquors, melasses and water, milk and water, contain nutriment, and even cider is not wholly destitute of it; but distilled spiritous liquors contain little or none.

But, says the laborer or the traveler, "spiritous liquors warm the stomach, and are very useful in cold weather." No, this is not correct. Spirits enliven the feelings for half an hour; but leave the body more dull, languid and cold, than it was before. A man will freeze the sooner for drinking spirits of any kind. If a man wishes to guard against cold, let him eat a biscuit, a bit of bread, or a meal of victuals. Four ounces of bread will give a more durable warmth to the body, than a gallon of spirits. Food is the natural stimulant, or exciting power, of the human body; it gives warmth and strength, and does not leave the body, as spirit does, more feeble and languid. The practice of drinking spirits gives a man red eyes, a bloated face, and an empty purse. It injures the liver, produces dropsy, occasions a trembling of the joints and limbs, and closes life with a slow decay or palsy. This is a short history of the drinker of distilled spirits. If a few drinking men are found to be exceptions to this account, still the remarks are true, as they apply to most cases. Spiritous liquors shorten more lives than famine, pestilence, and the sword!

PRECEPTS CONCERNING SOCIAL RELATIONS.

Art thou a young man, seeking for a partner for life? Obey the ordinance of God, and become a useful member of society. But be not in haste to marry, and let thy choice be directed by wisdom.

Is a woman devoted to dress and amusement? Is she delighted with her own praise, or an admirer of her own beauty? Is she given to much talking and loud laughter? If her feet