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625 Charles I., son of James I., reigned from 1625 to 1649, when he was beheaded.

He attempted to govern absolutely, and dissolved his first three parliaments, and imprisoned some of the members.

1628 The third parliament compelled Charles to sign the Petition of Rights, which declared that it was illegal for the king to levy taxes without the consent of parliament."

1634

To raise money he imposed tonnage a tax on each ton of goods; poundage-a tax on each pound of certain goods; and ship money"-a tax imposed on seaports for providing ships for the king's service.

1640 The Long Parliament (1640-1660) was assembled, which refused to provide him with money.

1642 Commencement of the Civil War. Charles attempted to arrest five members of the House of Commons who had accused him of treason. This and his illegal raising of taxes caused the Great Rebellion.

THIRTEENTH WEEK.

Lesson 61.-Learn for Monday Morning.

OBJECT OF LIFE.

Life has something nobler for its object than the more heaping together of gold. We live, but it should be to promote the welfare of others-to enrich the mind with knowledge--to lead wavering footsteps to the shrine of wisdom. We live, not for selfishness, but to shield and protect, and to cherish virtue, and to stem the onward course of human misery. We live for unity of action, and for cherishing honesty and truth. It is by these means, and these alone, that we come to perfection. Every man has a great duty to perform. Great is the pleasure to those whose life is a purpose to spread happiness and truth amongst mankind.

OR ELSE LEARN Psalm cix., verses 1-15.

Lesson 62-Tuesday.-Geography. Write and Learn RAILWAYS OF SCOTLAND.--The railways centre in the two chief towns, Edinburgh and Glasgow.

(1) The North British. The chief lines run from Edinburgh to Berwick and Glasgow, and to Dundee, to Perth, and to Stirling.

(2) The Caledonian connects Glasgow with Edinburgh, Carlisle, and with Aberdeen, through Stirling, Perth, Forfar, and Stonehaven.

(3) The Glasgow and South Western runs to Carlisle by Kilmarnock and Dumfries.

(4) The Highland Line, joining Perth with Inverness by Blair Athol, Kinguissie, and Forres.

Lesson 63.-Wednesday Morning. Work these Sums.

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Lesson 64.--Thursday.-Grammar. Learn and Write. FORMS OF THE OBJECT.

There are two kinds of objects, the direct and the indirect. The direct object is a word or phrase standing in the objective case and answering to the question-Whom? or What?

He called (whom?) his son.

He found (what?) his pencil.

The direct object may be formed by exactly the same parts of speech as the subject.

The indirect object is a kind of completion which is added to certain verbs, especially those signifying asking, giving, granting, promising, paying, teaching, telling, &c.

Such verbs often take two objects.

He asked me (indirect) a question (direct).

I gave him (indirect) the money (direct).

John told a lie (direct) to his father (indirect).

The indirect object frequently consists of a preposition, either expressed or understood, and a noun.

Ex. 29. Put the direct and indirect objects in columns.-He sold me a knife. I lent my book to Mary. We gave your aunt a book. Give me that beautiful flower. I saw him fight with the enemy. William paid Robert ten thousand marks. We burned the paper to ashes.

Ex. 30. Parse. "Why," cried the bailiff, hast thou that second arrow?"

Lesson 65.-Friday Morning. Work these Sums.

Find the GREATEST COMMON MEASURE of-.

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CHARLES I.-Continued.

History-Write and Learn.

A.D.

1642 To protect the five members Charles wanted to arrest, the citizens of London took up arms. Charles gathered his army at Nottingham, and an indecisive battle was fought at Edge Hill.

The followers of the King were called Royalists, or Cavaliers. The parliamentarians were called Roundheads.

Many battles were fought, sometimes the Royalists and sometimes the Roundheads being victorious. The most noted are

1644

MARSTON MOOR (Yorkshire).-Prince Rupert was defeated by the Roundheads,

HISTORY-Continued.

1645 NASEBY (Northamptonshire).-Oliver Cromwell defeated the Royalists.

1646 The king surrendered himself to the Scots, who were at Newark. They gave him up to the parliament for £400,000.

1649 The Parliament charged Charles with treason for making war on his subjects, and he was condemned and executed.

FOURTEENTH WEEK

Lesson 66.-Learn for Monday Morning.

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Lesson 67.-Tuesday.-Geography. Write and Learn.

IRELAND.

BOUNDARIES AND EXTENT.-Ireland is a compact island, lying in the Atlantic to the west of Great Britain, from which it is separated by St. George's Channel, the Irish Sea, and the North Channel. In the nearest part it is 14 miles from Scotland and 45 from England. It is surrounded on the north, west, and south by the Atlantic Ocean. It is about 300 miles long, 180 broad, and contains 32,000 square miles. It is therefore a little larger than Scotland.

The

The population is 5,400,000, or about one-sixth of the United Kingdom. The population is gradually decreasing, and is now only about three-fourths of what it was 40 years since. people emigrate to England and the United States. Famines, and the unsettled state of the country, have tended to cause this emigration.

Lesson 68-Wednesday Morning. Work these Sums.

Find the LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE of

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Lesson 69.-Thursday.-Grammar. Learn and Write. Ex. 31.-Analyse the following sentences.-Much perseverance will overcome difficulties. Columbus discovered America in the fifteenth century. Idleness is the rust of the soul. The band of soldiers had filed before we met. A new road passes by the castle. The squirrel's food consists of acorns in autumn.

Ex. 32. Parse.-"Learn to be wise, and practice how to thrive, that would I have you do."

Ex. 33.-COMPOSITION.

Write about a cow. State its size, its parts, its habits, and its uses. Lesson 70.-Friday Morning. Work these Sums.

Find the LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE of

(5) 3, 2, 7, 9, 12, 24, 16.

(6) 2, 6, 9, 4. 8, 3.

(7) 8, 19, 14. 16, 38, 12, 13, 2, 4, 6.

(1) 6, 15, 16, 20, 27, 36. (2) 34, 68, 19, 17, 14, 16, 12. (3) 4, 15, 19, 29, 32, 72, 45. (4) 16, 15, 39, 18, 40, 65, 44. History. Write and Learn.

THE COMMONWEALTH (1649-1660).

After Charles was executed the "Rump" Parliament, as it was called, abolished the House of Lords, and appointed 42 persons, called the Council of State, to govern the country. The celebrated John Milton was foreign secretary, and Cromwell and Fairfax were in command of the army. Both the Irish and Scotch proclaimed Prince Charles, son of the late king, but Cromwell suppressed the Irish, and then defeated the Scotch at Dunbar 1651 The Scotch crowned Charles. He raised an army and invaded England, but was defeated by Cromwell at Worcester, and after much danger escaped to France.

1650

1652 War commenced with the Dutch, principally caused through jealousy of one another. The English gained many victories. 1653 Cromwell dissolved the Long Parliament, and was soon made "LORD PROTECTOR OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND."

1658 Cromwell died. He left his son Richard to succeed him, but he only reigned five months.

Cromwell was a clever man, but stern and severe. He raised England highly in the estimation of foreign nations, and he was respected at home.

FIFTEENTH WEEK. Lesson 71-Learn for Monday Morning.

NEVER GIVE UP.

Perseverance means the steady pursuit of a plan, whether good or bad; but it would be very unwise to persevere in a plan which has been proved to be bad. In actual life, where there are so many different pursuits and different ways of doing the same thing, it means steadiness in whatever plan is fixed upon. The man who is constantly hesitating which of two things he will do first, will do neither. There is hardly an employment in life so trifling that it will not afford a subsistence if constantly and faithfully followed. Indeed, it is by untiring diligence alone that a fortune can be acquired in any business whatever. The man who consults wisely, resolves firmly, and executes his purpose with unbending perseverance, will be sure to rise to eminence.

OR ELSE LEARN Psalm exi,

Lesson 72-Tuesday.-Geography. Write and Learn. CAPES. On the north, Fair Head and Ma'in Head. On the west, Slyne Head and Loop Head. On the south, Miz-en Head, Cape Clear, and Carn'-sore Point. On the east, Wick'-low Head and Howth Head.

PARTS OF THE SEA.-On the north, Lough (always properly pronounced either loh or lok; luf is not the correct pronunciation) Foyle and Lough Swilly. On the west, Don'-e-gal Bay, Clew Bay Galway Bay, and Mouth of the Shannon, Dingle Bay, and Kenmare Bay. On the south, Bantry Bay, Cork Harbour, and Waterford Harbour. On the east, Dublin Bay and Belfast Lough. The coast is much indented on the north-west, the west, and the south-west. Ireland has an abundance of good harbours on all sides except the cast.

ISLANDS. Numerous, but unimportant. Achil Is., Aran Is., Va-len'-tia (valen'sha) on the west, and Cape Clear on the south.

Valentia is the terminus, on this side, of the Atlantic Telegraph cables between this country and America.

Lesson 73.-Wednesday Morning. Work these Sums

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Lesson

74.-Thursday.-Grammar. Learn and Write.

The

"How fair

Ex. 34. Analyse. The principal apartments were four in number The fairest action of our life is scorning to revenge an injury. proper study of mankind is man. The good alone are great. are virtue's buds." The lark has sung his carol in the sky. Ex. 35. Parse.-Age has now stamped with its signet that ingenuous brow.

COMPOSITION.

Ex. 36.-Write about the dog, stating the kinds, their character, uses, habits, and where found.

Lesson 75.-Friday Morning. Work these Sums.

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1658 Richard Cromwell resigned the Protectorship after five months, and retired into private life.

A COMMITTEE OF SAFETY was then formed, but the government of the country was really in the hands of the soldiers.

1660 At length General Monk, whom Cromwell had left in command of the army in Scotland, marehed towards London with 7,000 men. A new parliament, called the Convention Parliament, was assembled; and as the wish for a settled form of government was very general, Monk prevailed upon it to ask Prince Charles to become king

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