CONTENTS

LETTER I.

Voyage; and its contrast with one in August 1833-Landing in Bel-

gium-Ostend-Siege of 1601-Travelling-Romanism in Belgium

-Military mass at St. Peter's-English Church-Sunday Evening

-Canal, and country-Bruges-Nunnery-Churches-Academy-

Former prosperity, and subsequent decay of the city-Passage to

Ghent-Superstition-Approach to Ghent-Ancient grandeur of

Belgium-Ghent-Its vast size-Costume-Churches, and charge

for funeral masses-Town-house-Grand Mass at the cathedral in

honour of Leopold's accession-Splendour of the church-Costly

pulpit-Anecdote of Napoleon and the Ghent clergy-Public library

and garden-Charles V.'s cannon-Trade...

LETTER II.

Road to Antwerp through the Pays de Waes-Traces of the seige of

1832-Changed feeling towards the Catholic clergy, and remark of

Bishop Hall-Expense of travelling-Passage across the Scheldt

from the Tête de Flandre-Antwerp-Hôtel d'Antoine-Former

vast trade, and wealth-Cathedral-Quintin Matsys-Church of

the Dominicans, and its Calvary, and Purgatory-Church of the

Jesuits-Museum-Citadel-Bombardment of the city by the Dutch

in 1830-Seige and capture of the citadel by the French in 1832-

Impressive effect of contrast-Waelham-Mechlin-Cathedral; its

massy pulpit-Vilvorde-William Tyndale-Anticipations from the

rail-road system-Brussels-Hôtel de Brabant-Passport-Town-

house-St. Gudule-Extraordinary pulpit-Jubilee of two hundred

and fifty years in honour of the Très-Saint Sacrement de Miracle;

and the origin of this festival-Ignorance-Manner in which devo-

tions are sometimes performed-Notre Dame-St. Jacques-Park

-Peter the Great-Palace of the Prince of Orange-Palace of the

States General-Museum-Université Libre de Belgique..

LETTER III.

Road through the forest of Soignies-Waterloo-Carnage at this and

the preceding battles-Road to Namur-Country near the city-Its

situation-Churches, including the Cathedral-Heights-Sunday

fair-Fête de la Sainte Vierge-Historical Sketch, from the Roman

Invasion-Battle between Cæsar and the Nervii-Frankish do-

minion-Dependence on the Empire-Petty States-House of Bur-

gundy-Spanish connexion and dominion-Charles V.-Philip II.

William of Nassau-Cruel persecutions-Atrocities of Alva-

Union of Utrecht-Assassination of William-Ancient opulence of
the Cities of Brabant and Flanders-Archduke Albert-Louis XIV.

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and the Triple Alliance-War of the Spanish succession-Peace of

Utrecht-Austrian dominion-Incorporation with France-United

Kingdom of the Netherlands-Leopold of Saxe Coburg, first King

of the Belgians.

LETTER IV.

PAGE

View of Namur-Valley of the Meuse-Huy-Aspect of the country

-Liege Church of St. Jacques, and St. Odilia's veritable eye, and

eau benite Cathedral-University-Palace of the Prince-Bishops-

View of Liege from Belle Vue-Long-continued clearness of the

atmosphere-Pavillon Anglais-View from one of the bridges-Dia-
lect-Liege prompt to join in the Revolution of 1830-Causes of the
Revolution-Dislike of the Dutch connexion-Preference to France

-Effect of the previous French Revolution of 1830-Taxes of the

mouture, and abattage-Political prosecutions-Van Maanen-Acts

of violence August 25-Efforts of the Prince of Orange ineffectual-

Provisional government-Dutch troops driven from Brussels-Bel-

gic Congress Leopold elected king-Manifestation of feeling to-

wards Romish ceremonies-Brief sketch of the history of the Pro-

testant religion in Belgium-Exterminating persecutions-Revival

under the Dutch sway-Check it received in 1832-Recent efforts-

Romish clergy opposed to religious freedom..

LETTER V.

30

40

Road to Aix-la-Chapelle-Prussian frontier-Germany-Town-house

-Mineral waters Change in the coin-Public walks-Cathedral-

Charlemagne-Relics, in the sanctuary-General outline of German

history-Conflicts between the German tribes and the Romans-

Empire of Charlemagne-Its division-Extinction of the Carlovin-

gian dynasty in Germany-The German empire elective-House of

Saxony---House of Franconia-House of Suabia-Great interreg-

num-Rudolph, and the first Austrian dynasty-Second Austrian
dynasty, or Lorraine branch-Dignity of the Holy Roman Empire-

Effect of the French Revolution, and the subsequent power of Bona-

parte-Confederation of the Rhine; and dissolution of the German

empire-Austrian empire-Gigantic efforts of Germany against the

return of Bonaparte to power, in 1815-Germanic Confederation... 52

LETTER VI.

Road to Cologne-Juliers-Bergheim-Catholic Subscription for the

New Testament, in German-Cologne-The Rhine-Churches-

Deutz-Cologne Cathedral-The Three Kings-Churches of St.

Ursula, St. Géréon, and St. Peter-Voyage on the Rhine to Bonn-

Fieschi-The Seven Mountains-Bonn-Cathedral-Popplesdorf-

Kreutzberg-Protestant Church at Bonn-Church of the Jesuits-

King of Prussia's Birth-Day-University of Bonn..

LETTER VII.

Description of the Rhine, from Bonn to Coblentz-Drachenfels-

Godesburg--Nonnenworth-Rolandseck-Oberwinter-Unkel-

Remagen-Apollinarisberg-Erpel-Okkenfels-Linz-Sinzig-Ar-

genfels-Breisig-Rheineck--Hammerstein--Leutesdorf-Ander-

nach-Floating Bridges-Rafts--Weissen thurm--Neuwied--Engers

-Ehrenbreitstein-Coblentz-The Rhine from Coblentz to Maintz

-Tombleson's Views-Ober-lahnstein-Marksburg-Boppart-St.

65*

Goar-Oberwesel-Caub-Bacharach-Bingen-Ellfield-Cassel

-Maintz-Drusus Germanicus-Roman Antiquities-Cathedral... 77

CONTENTS.

LETTER VIII.

Road to Frankfurt-Hotels-Collections-Monument to the Hessians

-Sachsenhausen--Domkirche--Bible Depository--History of

PAGE

Frankfurt-Educational system--Rationalism--Controversies-Se-

cular authority in the Church-Intolerance-Scholastic theology-

Thirty years' war-Early opponents of the scholastic system-

Pietism-Degeneracy of Pietism-Bengel and Storr-German phi-

losophy-Its connexion with theology-Leibnitz-English Deists-

French literature-Frederic II.-Nicolaï-Eclecticism-Neological

* tendencies-Semler-Kantian philosophy-Scientific theory-Na-

ture-philosophy-Philosophy of sentiment-Hegel's Idealism-In-

fidelity of Rationalism-Periodicals-Bretschneider's distinction--

Opponents of Rationalism-Schleiermacher-Progress of the doc-

trines of the Reformation-Frankfurt-Maintz-Berg-Bremen-

Hamburgh-Mecklenburg-Hanover-Brunswick-Weimar-Sax-

ony-Prussian Saxony-Würtemberg-Prussia-New Liturgy..... 88

LETTER IX.

Watch-towers-Darmstadt-The Schloss-The Bergstrasse-Auer-

bach-Smoking-Huge grasshoppers-Storks-Neuenheim-Hei-

delberg-Churches-Ravages of war-The Castle The University

-Durlach-Carlsruhe-Lutheran church-Schloss-Radstadt-

Baden-Baden-Castle-dungeon-Mineral waters-Visitors-Ulm—

Rustic wedding-Kehl-Strasburg-Cathedral-Romish ordination

-Marshal Saxe's monument-Preserved bodies-Freiburg-Mün-

ster-Approach to Switzerland.

....

LETTER X.

Basle Münster-Kirche-University-Costume-Automatic figure—

Bishopric of Basle-Swiss disturbances after the late French Revo-

lution-In the Canton of Basle, in 1833-Journey to Luzern-Storm

on the Hauenstein-Olten-Lake of Sempach Luzern-Costumes

Fracas-Sketch of Swiss History-Helvetii-Rhaeti-Romans

-Burgundians-Alemanni-Ostrogothe-Franks-The Kingdoms

of Lower, and Upper Burgundy, and of Arles and Burgundy-House

of Zähringen-Rudolph-Albert-The Three Swiss and William

Tell-Battle of Morgartan-Battle of Sempach-Swiss Confedera-

tion-Effect of French Revolution-Helvetic Republic-Act of Me-

diation-Restoration of Swiss Independence-Constitution of the

Swiss Cantons-Political Parties--

LETTER XI.

....

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128

Fall of the Rossberg-Lake of the Four Cantons-Alpnach-Valley

of Sarnen-Saxeln-St. Nicholas de Flüe-Alpine Thunder-storm

-Lake of Lungern-Village of Lungern-Swiss Cottages-The

Brünig Alp-Vale of Oberhasli-Lake of Brientz-Tracht-The

Giessbach-Interlachen-Grindelwald-The Glaciers-Avalanches. 154

LETTER XII.

Valley of Lauterbrunnen-The Jungfrau-The Staub-bach-Interla-

chen-English Chapel-Vicinity of Interlachen-Hofstetter's Pen-

sion--Awkward situation on the Aarderberg--Unterseen―The Jung-

frau-Road to the Valley of Frutigen-Chalets-Village of Frutigen

Kanderthal Kandersteg-Advice of Guides..

LETTER XIII.

Departure from Kandersteg for the Gemmi-Mannschaft-Ascent-

-Schwarbach-Canton of Wallis-Snows of the Gemmi-Dauben

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PAGE

Carlovingian Dynasty-Pépin-Charlemagne-Charles the Bald-

Charles le Gros-Capetian Dynasty-Hugh Capet-Feudal Sys-

tem-Philip II.-Louis IX. or St. Louis-Philip III.---Philip IV.-

Valois Branch of the House of Capet-Charles IV.-Philip VI.-

Wars with England-Charles VI.-Charles VII.-Joan d'Arc-

Louis XI.--Charles VIII.---Orleans Branch of Capet-Louis XII.

-Second House of Valois Capet-Francis I.-Francis II.-Religi-

ous Wars-Persecution of Protestants-Charles IX.-Massacre of

St. Bartholomew's Day-Bourbon Line-Henry IV.-Louis XIII.

Richelieu-Louis XIV-Mazarin-Louis XV.-Louis XVI........ 269

LETTER XXI.

Causes of the Revolution of 1789- Inadaptation of the political Sys-

tem-The Press-The Reformation-Revival of Classical Literature

-Louis XIII.-Louis XIV.-Louis XV.-Finances-Romish Re-

ligion-Examples of Revolutions-Philosophers-Taxation-Cor-

ruption of Manners-Character of Louis XVI.-The Queen's Court

Situation of the Parliaments and the Sovereign-Assembly of

the Notables-Riot in St. Antoine-The States General-Storming

of the Bastile-Riot at Versailles-The Fédération-Riot in the

Champ de Mars-Constituent Assembly-20th June-10th of Au-

gust, 1792-Committee of Safety-Massacre of Prisoners-National

Convention-Mountain Party-Reign of Terror-The Directory-

The Consulate-The Empire-Fall of Bonaparte.

LETTER XXII.

.....

Paris-Messageries-Situation, and general appearance-The Seine--

Bridges-Quays-Extent---Mode of numbering houses---Camera

Obscura---Views from the Bridges---Purity of the atmosphere---

Want of planted squares---Barrières---Boulevards---Passion for

amusement---French character---Execution---Effect of events---

Palais des Thermes---Palais Royal---Tuileries---Place du Carrousel

---The Louvre-Place Vendôme---Place Louis Quinze---Magni-

ficence---Arc de l'Etoile---Hôtel des Invalides---Churches---Notre

Dame, etc.---The Luxembourg---Bourse---Jardin du Roi---The

Pantheon---Gobelins---Glaces---Revolution of 1830...

LETTER XXIII.

Religion in France---History of Protestantism---Persecutions---Pre-

sent state of Protestantism---Institutions, and exertions---Tolera-

tion---Moral state of France---Infidelity---Romanism---Demoraliza-

tion of the capital---Versailles --St. Cloud---Mont Calvaire---Ruel---

St. Denis---Amiens..

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