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CONTENTS
LETTER I.
Voyage; and its contrast with one in August 1833-Landing in Bel-
gium-Ostend-Siege of 1601-Travelling-Romanism in Belgium
-Military mass at St. Peter's-English Church-Sunday Evening
-Canal, and country-Bruges-Nunnery-Churches-Academy-
Former prosperity, and subsequent decay of the city-Passage to
Ghent-Superstition-Approach to Ghent-Ancient grandeur of
Belgium-Ghent-Its vast size-Costume-Churches, and charge
for funeral masses-Town-house-Grand Mass at the cathedral in
honour of Leopold's accession-Splendour of the church-Costly
pulpit-Anecdote of Napoleon and the Ghent clergy-Public library
and garden-Charles V.'s cannon-Trade...
LETTER II.
Road to Antwerp through the Pays de Waes-Traces of the seige of
1832-Changed feeling towards the Catholic clergy, and remark of
Bishop Hall-Expense of travelling-Passage across the Scheldt
from the Tête de Flandre-Antwerp-Hôtel d'Antoine-Former
vast trade, and wealth-Cathedral-Quintin Matsys-Church of
the Dominicans, and its Calvary, and Purgatory-Church of the
Jesuits-Museum-Citadel-Bombardment of the city by the Dutch
in 1830-Seige and capture of the citadel by the French in 1832-
Impressive effect of contrast-Waelham-Mechlin-Cathedral; its
massy pulpit-Vilvorde-William Tyndale-Anticipations from the
rail-road system-Brussels-Hôtel de Brabant-Passport-Town-
house-St. Gudule-Extraordinary pulpit-Jubilee of two hundred
and fifty years in honour of the Très-Saint Sacrement de Miracle;
and the origin of this festival-Ignorance-Manner in which devo-
tions are sometimes performed-Notre Dame-St. Jacques-Park
-Peter the Great-Palace of the Prince of Orange-Palace of the
States General-Museum-Université Libre de Belgique..
LETTER III.
Road through the forest of Soignies-Waterloo-Carnage at this and
the preceding battles-Road to Namur-Country near the city-Its
situation-Churches, including the Cathedral-Heights-Sunday
fair-Fête de la Sainte Vierge-Historical Sketch, from the Roman
Invasion-Battle between Cæsar and the Nervii-Frankish do-
minion-Dependence on the Empire-Petty States-House of Bur-
gundy-Spanish connexion and dominion-Charles V.-Philip II.
William of Nassau-Cruel persecutions-Atrocities of Alva-
Union of Utrecht-Assassination of William-Ancient opulence of the Cities of Brabant and Flanders-Archduke Albert-Louis XIV.
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and the Triple Alliance-War of the Spanish succession-Peace of
Utrecht-Austrian dominion-Incorporation with France-United
Kingdom of the Netherlands-Leopold of Saxe Coburg, first King
of the Belgians.
LETTER IV.
View of Namur-Valley of the Meuse-Huy-Aspect of the country
-Liege Church of St. Jacques, and St. Odilia's veritable eye, and
eau benite Cathedral-University-Palace of the Prince-Bishops-
View of Liege from Belle Vue-Long-continued clearness of the
atmosphere-Pavillon Anglais-View from one of the bridges-Dia- lect-Liege prompt to join in the Revolution of 1830-Causes of the Revolution-Dislike of the Dutch connexion-Preference to France
-Effect of the previous French Revolution of 1830-Taxes of the
mouture, and abattage-Political prosecutions-Van Maanen-Acts
of violence August 25-Efforts of the Prince of Orange ineffectual-
Provisional government-Dutch troops driven from Brussels-Bel-
gic Congress Leopold elected king-Manifestation of feeling to-
wards Romish ceremonies-Brief sketch of the history of the Pro-
testant religion in Belgium-Exterminating persecutions-Revival
under the Dutch sway-Check it received in 1832-Recent efforts-
Romish clergy opposed to religious freedom..
LETTER V.
30
40
Road to Aix-la-Chapelle-Prussian frontier-Germany-Town-house
-Mineral waters Change in the coin-Public walks-Cathedral-
Charlemagne-Relics, in the sanctuary-General outline of German
history-Conflicts between the German tribes and the Romans-
Empire of Charlemagne-Its division-Extinction of the Carlovin-
gian dynasty in Germany-The German empire elective-House of
Saxony---House of Franconia-House of Suabia-Great interreg-
num-Rudolph, and the first Austrian dynasty-Second Austrian dynasty, or Lorraine branch-Dignity of the Holy Roman Empire-
Effect of the French Revolution, and the subsequent power of Bona-
parte-Confederation of the Rhine; and dissolution of the German
empire-Austrian empire-Gigantic efforts of Germany against the
return of Bonaparte to power, in 1815-Germanic Confederation... 52
LETTER VI.
Road to Cologne-Juliers-Bergheim-Catholic Subscription for the
New Testament, in German-Cologne-The Rhine-Churches-
Deutz-Cologne Cathedral-The Three Kings-Churches of St.
Ursula, St. Géréon, and St. Peter-Voyage on the Rhine to Bonn-
Fieschi-The Seven Mountains-Bonn-Cathedral-Popplesdorf-
Kreutzberg-Protestant Church at Bonn-Church of the Jesuits-
King of Prussia's Birth-Day-University of Bonn..
LETTER VII.
Description of the Rhine, from Bonn to Coblentz-Drachenfels-
Godesburg--Nonnenworth-Rolandseck-Oberwinter-Unkel-
Remagen-Apollinarisberg-Erpel-Okkenfels-Linz-Sinzig-Ar-
genfels-Breisig-Rheineck--Hammerstein--Leutesdorf-Ander-
nach-Floating Bridges-Rafts--Weissen thurm--Neuwied--Engers
-Ehrenbreitstein-Coblentz-The Rhine from Coblentz to Maintz
-Tombleson's Views-Ober-lahnstein-Marksburg-Boppart-St.
65*
Goar-Oberwesel-Caub-Bacharach-Bingen-Ellfield-Cassel
-Maintz-Drusus Germanicus-Roman Antiquities-Cathedral... 77
CONTENTS.
LETTER VIII.
Road to Frankfurt-Hotels-Collections-Monument to the Hessians
-Sachsenhausen--Domkirche--Bible Depository--History of
Frankfurt-Educational system--Rationalism--Controversies-Se-
cular authority in the Church-Intolerance-Scholastic theology-
Thirty years' war-Early opponents of the scholastic system-
Pietism-Degeneracy of Pietism-Bengel and Storr-German phi-
losophy-Its connexion with theology-Leibnitz-English Deists-
French literature-Frederic II.-Nicolaï-Eclecticism-Neological
* tendencies-Semler-Kantian philosophy-Scientific theory-Na-
ture-philosophy-Philosophy of sentiment-Hegel's Idealism-In-
fidelity of Rationalism-Periodicals-Bretschneider's distinction--
Opponents of Rationalism-Schleiermacher-Progress of the doc-
trines of the Reformation-Frankfurt-Maintz-Berg-Bremen-
Hamburgh-Mecklenburg-Hanover-Brunswick-Weimar-Sax-
ony-Prussian Saxony-Würtemberg-Prussia-New Liturgy..... 88
LETTER IX.
Watch-towers-Darmstadt-The Schloss-The Bergstrasse-Auer-
bach-Smoking-Huge grasshoppers-Storks-Neuenheim-Hei-
delberg-Churches-Ravages of war-The Castle The University
-Durlach-Carlsruhe-Lutheran church-Schloss-Radstadt-
Baden-Baden-Castle-dungeon-Mineral waters-Visitors-Ulm—
Rustic wedding-Kehl-Strasburg-Cathedral-Romish ordination
-Marshal Saxe's monument-Preserved bodies-Freiburg-Mün-
ster-Approach to Switzerland.
....
LETTER X.
Basle Münster-Kirche-University-Costume-Automatic figure—
Bishopric of Basle-Swiss disturbances after the late French Revo-
lution-In the Canton of Basle, in 1833-Journey to Luzern-Storm
on the Hauenstein-Olten-Lake of Sempach Luzern-Costumes
Fracas-Sketch of Swiss History-Helvetii-Rhaeti-Romans
-Burgundians-Alemanni-Ostrogothe-Franks-The Kingdoms
of Lower, and Upper Burgundy, and of Arles and Burgundy-House
of Zähringen-Rudolph-Albert-The Three Swiss and William
Tell-Battle of Morgartan-Battle of Sempach-Swiss Confedera-
tion-Effect of French Revolution-Helvetic Republic-Act of Me-
diation-Restoration of Swiss Independence-Constitution of the
Swiss Cantons-Political Parties--
LETTER XI.
112
128
Fall of the Rossberg-Lake of the Four Cantons-Alpnach-Valley
of Sarnen-Saxeln-St. Nicholas de Flüe-Alpine Thunder-storm
-Lake of Lungern-Village of Lungern-Swiss Cottages-The
Brünig Alp-Vale of Oberhasli-Lake of Brientz-Tracht-The
Giessbach-Interlachen-Grindelwald-The Glaciers-Avalanches. 154
LETTER XII.
Valley of Lauterbrunnen-The Jungfrau-The Staub-bach-Interla-
chen-English Chapel-Vicinity of Interlachen-Hofstetter's Pen-
sion--Awkward situation on the Aarderberg--Unterseen―The Jung-
frau-Road to the Valley of Frutigen-Chalets-Village of Frutigen
Kanderthal Kandersteg-Advice of Guides..
LETTER XIII.
Departure from Kandersteg for the Gemmi-Mannschaft-Ascent-
-Schwarbach-Canton of Wallis-Snows of the Gemmi-Dauben
173
Carlovingian Dynasty-Pépin-Charlemagne-Charles the Bald-
Charles le Gros-Capetian Dynasty-Hugh Capet-Feudal Sys-
tem-Philip II.-Louis IX. or St. Louis-Philip III.---Philip IV.-
Valois Branch of the House of Capet-Charles IV.-Philip VI.-
Wars with England-Charles VI.-Charles VII.-Joan d'Arc-
Louis XI.--Charles VIII.---Orleans Branch of Capet-Louis XII.
-Second House of Valois Capet-Francis I.-Francis II.-Religi-
ous Wars-Persecution of Protestants-Charles IX.-Massacre of
St. Bartholomew's Day-Bourbon Line-Henry IV.-Louis XIII.
Richelieu-Louis XIV-Mazarin-Louis XV.-Louis XVI........ 269
LETTER XXI.
Causes of the Revolution of 1789- Inadaptation of the political Sys-
tem-The Press-The Reformation-Revival of Classical Literature
-Louis XIII.-Louis XIV.-Louis XV.-Finances-Romish Re-
ligion-Examples of Revolutions-Philosophers-Taxation-Cor-
ruption of Manners-Character of Louis XVI.-The Queen's Court
Situation of the Parliaments and the Sovereign-Assembly of
the Notables-Riot in St. Antoine-The States General-Storming
of the Bastile-Riot at Versailles-The Fédération-Riot in the
Champ de Mars-Constituent Assembly-20th June-10th of Au-
gust, 1792-Committee of Safety-Massacre of Prisoners-National
Convention-Mountain Party-Reign of Terror-The Directory-
The Consulate-The Empire-Fall of Bonaparte.
LETTER XXII.
.....
Paris-Messageries-Situation, and general appearance-The Seine--
Bridges-Quays-Extent---Mode of numbering houses---Camera
Obscura---Views from the Bridges---Purity of the atmosphere---
Want of planted squares---Barrières---Boulevards---Passion for
amusement---French character---Execution---Effect of events---
Palais des Thermes---Palais Royal---Tuileries---Place du Carrousel
---The Louvre-Place Vendôme---Place Louis Quinze---Magni-
ficence---Arc de l'Etoile---Hôtel des Invalides---Churches---Notre
Dame, etc.---The Luxembourg---Bourse---Jardin du Roi---The
Pantheon---Gobelins---Glaces---Revolution of 1830...
LETTER XXIII.
Religion in France---History of Protestantism---Persecutions---Pre-
sent state of Protestantism---Institutions, and exertions---Tolera-
tion---Moral state of France---Infidelity---Romanism---Demoraliza-
tion of the capital---Versailles --St. Cloud---Mont Calvaire---Ruel---
St. Denis---Amiens..
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