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redeemed, was in reality the arms of a set of merchants from Lombardy, who were the first that publicly lent money on pledges. They dwelt together in a treet, from them named Lombard-ftreet, in London, and also gave their name to another at Paris. The appellation of Lombard was formerly all over Europe confidered as fynonimous to that of ufurer.

At the inftitution of the yeomen of the guard, they used to wait at table on all great folemnities, and were ranged near the buffets this procured them the name of buffetiers, not very unlike in found to the jocular appellation of beef-eaters, now given them; though probably it was rather the voluntary mifnomer of fome wicked wit, than an accidental corruption arifing from ignorance of the French language.

The opprobrious title of bum-bayliffe, fo conftantly beftowed on the fheriff's officers, is, according to judge Blackftone, only the corruption of bound bayliffe, every sheriff's officer being obliged to enter into bonds, and to find fecurity for his good behaviour, previous to his appointment.

A cordwainer feems to have no relation to the occupation it is meant to exprefs, which is that of a fhoe-maker. But cordonier, originally fpelt corduanier, is the French word for that trade, the beft leather used for fhoes coming originally from Cordua, in Spain. Spanish leather shoes were once famous in England.'

We are next prefented with an engraving and account of the Lodge in Bushy Park, Middlefex; and afterwards fome account of the people called Gypfies, who are supposed to have originally migrated into Europe from Egypt, about the year 1517, when that kingdom was conquered by the Sultan Selim.

Subfequent is a miscellaneous plate, containing drawings of the different capitals of the ancient columns in the French church at Canterbury; which is followed by the copy of a Manufcript in the College of Arms, relative to the bacon of Dunmow Priory.

The articles immediately fucceeding are, an account, but incredible, of a gallant action and fignal victory, gained by an English captain, commanding one fmall privateer, over a large Turkish fleet.-An Extract from George Silver's Paradoxes of Defence, printed about the middle of the fixteenth century, exhibiting a striking picture of the manners of that time, and elucidating feveral obfolete words in Shakspeare and other ancient writers.-Bothwell Caftle.-Extract from the Works of John Taylor, the water-poet. Queen's Cross, Northamptonshire.-The Great Eater, or Part of the admirable Teeth and Stomach exploits of Nicholas Wood, of Har

sifon, in the County of Kent. Of this extraordinary perfonage we are told, that two loins of mutton, and one of veal, were to him but as three fprats.

Next is an engraving, and account of the Old Gate, and Banqueting-Houfe, Whitehall; as alfo of the Curfew, or Couvre few, fo named from its ufe, which was that of extinguishing a fire. This utenfil is of copper, rivetted together, as folder would have been liable to melt with the heat. It is ten inches high, fixteen inches wide, and nine inches deep.— A Letter of Indulgence granted to those who fhould Contribute towards the Reparation and farther Endowment of the Chapel of the Holy Cross in Colchester. This paper strongly marks the fpiritual oppreffion which the Romish church exercifed over its fuperftitious votaries.-Epitaph of Lavinia Lady Manwood, on a fmall Table Monument near the Door of the Church of St. Stephen's, or Hackington, near Canterbury.The Water-fall of Lodore, on Kefwick Lake, Cumberland. Thefe are fucceeded by a few extracts from Hollingshed's Chronicle, with mifcellaneous plates, and the forms of fome old deeds.-Windfor Castle.-The Lyfe of Saynt Wenefrede. The Charter of King William I. granted unto the Citie of London, at the Special Sute of William then Bishop of the fame Citie, anno 1067.-Tintern Abbey. Miscellaneous Plate. Stories of Witchcraft and Walking Spirits.-Order for the Apprehension of the Templars, in the Reign of Edward II. from Hollingshed's Chronicle. Extracted from the fame author we next meet with a defcription of a fish, like to a man, that was taken by fishers at Oreford in Suffolk, in the fixth year of King John's reign.'-The Great Gate of St. Auguftine's Monaftery, Canterbury. - The Maffacre of Stonehenge, by Hengift, and his Soldiers; and fome account of Merlin.Extract from Blount's Ancient Tenures.-The Scowls, in the Woods of Thomas Bathurst, Efq. near his Seat at Lidney Park, Gloucestershire.

The fcowls are excavations of the earth, in fome places to the depth of twenty-five or thirty feet, forming a kind of irregular trench, interfperfed with folid rocks, fome of which are flanding, and other huge fragments thrown down, or disjointed in fuch a manner, as could only be effected by gunpowder, or fome violent convulsion of nature. A kind of rude paffage runs through the whole, which occupies near an acre of ground, though this is frequently interrupted by great pieces of fallen rock, over which paffengers muft climb. The gro tefque figure of the rock, covered with mofs, and entwined with Oots of fhrubs and trees, the folemn gloominefs of the whole,

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owing to the exclufion of light from a great quantity of wood with which it is furrounded and overshadowed, join in affording a most romantic scene.

• Various are the conjectures relative to this place, fome fuppofing it the effects of an earthquake, others deeming it a place of pagan worship; but the most probable opinion is, that it was an ancient mine, made in fearch of iron ore, of which there is great plenty hereabouts. If this is true, it must be many ages fince it was worked, there not being the least tradition of it in the neighbourhood, befides the mofs with which the rocks are overgrown; and the large old trees fhooting out of many parts of the rock, give their teftimony of its antiquity.

As in the adjoining Park of Lidney there was a Roman fort, as is evident from a bath now remaining, diverfe Roman utenfils, coins, teffelated pavements, and the foundations of many buildings, with feveral entrenchments, poffibly this mine might have been opened by that people, and ever fince neglected. For what reason it is called the Scowls does not appear, or from what the word is derived; that appellation is however given to another exhausted mine in Gloucestershire.

The neighbouring ruftics have given names to diverse rocks from their appearances, fuch as the Pillar, the Chapel window, &c. On the whole, whatever may be its antiquity, as a picturefque object it well deferves the obfervation of the curioas, and may rank with Mother Ludlam's Cave in Surry, Poole's Hole, and the other Derbyshire caverns.'

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Next follows the History of King Leyr, and his three daughters, from the ancient history of Great Britain. - Account of the Sweating Sickness, in the Year 1436, from Hollingshed's Chronicle,-Plate of a Roman Bath, at Lidney Park, Gloucestershire.-An engraving of Edward the Black Prince.The Font in the Chapel of Orford, Suffolk.-An excellent engraving of Thomas de Woodstock, Duke of Gloucefter.-An Abstract of a Grant of Land from Edward VI. to establish a Grammar School to the Bailiffs and Burgeffes in Morpeth.An Engraving and Account of Pont y Pridd Bridge, over the River Taafe in Glamorganfhire. This bridge, for its lightness and the width of its fpan, ftands unrivalled by any bridge in Europe; exceeding the arch of the Rialto at Venice by fifty foot, and that of the center of Black Fryars bridge by forty. -Some Account of the Conduit at Carfax, in Oxford -An Extract, copied from a Survey, called, The Booke of Bothool Baronrye, in Northumberland.-The Bridge at Bridgenorth, in Shropshire.-Ah Account of the vestiges of an old manfion, known by the name of the Groves in the parish of Ber1ery near Snodland, in the county of Kent.-Wefton, in War

wickshire,

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wickshire.-A Defcription of England and Scotland, written by Stephen Perlin, an ecclefiaftic, and published at Paris, anno 1558.-Account of a Druidical Monument near Little Salkeld in the County of Cumberland.-Druidical Circle, near Kefwick, Cumberland.-An engraving and account of John Evans, very properly ftyled, The ill-favonred aftrologer of Wales.'-Netley Abbey, Hampshire.-The Tomb of Henry, the Fifth Earl of Weftmoreland, and his Wives.-History of the Entry of Mary de Medicis, the Queen Mother of France. into England, anno 1631.-An engraving and account of Dr. Simon Forman, another Welch aftrologer.-A View of Old London from Blackheath.-A written inftrument, ftill preferved in the town cheft of Wymondham, in the county of Norfolk, fhowing the rapacioufnefs of King Henry VIII. in extorting loans from his fubjects.

As the laft article in this volume, we fhall prefent our readers with the following epitaph,

Written by Syr Thomas More upon the death of Henrie Abyngdon, one of the gentlemen of the chappel; which devife he was fayne to put in meeter, by reafon the partie that requested his travel did not like of a verye proper epitaph that was first framed, because it ran not in rythme, as may appeare at ful in his Latin epigrammes; whereupon Syr Thomas More fhapt thefe verfes enfuing, with which the fuppliant was exceedingly fatisfyed, as if he had hit the nayle on the head.

Hic jacet Henricus,
Semper pietatis amicus:
Nomen Abingdon erat,
Si quis fua nomina quærat:
Wellis bic ecclefiâ

Fuerat fuccentor in almâ,
Regis et in bellâ

Cantor fuit ipfe capellâ.

Millibus in mille
Cantor fuit optimus ille.
Præter et hæc ifta

Fuit optimus orgaquenifta,
Nunc igitur, Chrifte,
Quoniam tibi ferviit ifte,
Semper in orbe foli
Da fibi regna poli.

The fame, though not verbatim conftrued, yet in effect thus may be tranflated; whereing the learned are not to look for the exact obfervation of quantities of fyllables, which the authour, in the Latin, did not very precisely keepe.

Heere lyeth old Henry
No freend to mifchevus envy.
Surnam'd Abyngdon

To al men moft hartily welcoom
Clerk he was in Wellis
Where tingle a great many belles;
Alfo in the Chappel

Hee was not counted a mongrel;

And fuch a loud finger

In a thowfand not such a ringer;
And, with a Concordance
A man moft skilful in organce.
Now, God, I crave duly
Since this man ferv'd the fo truly,
Henry place in kingdoom,
That is alfo named Abingdon.'

Such

Such are the materials in the first volume of this work; and, though many of them be not originals, they are for the moft part copied from books which are now very scarce. In our next Review fhall be given an account of the contents of the second volume.

A Dictionary of the Norman, or Old French Language. By Robert Kelham, of Lincoln's-Inn. 800. 55. Brooke.

THIS

HIS Dictionary is collected from fuch acts of parliament, rolls, journals, acts of ftate, records, law books, ancient hiftorians, and manufcripts, as relate to this nation; and is calculated to illuftrate the rights and cuftoms of former ages, the forms of jurifprudence, the names of dignities and offices, of perfons and places,

So many public acts, as well as legal decifions, are extant in the Norman French, that to a modern profeffor of the law, a dictionary is abfolutely neceffary to explain the difficulties which occur in fo old and obfolete a language.

About the beginning of the prefent century, a book was publifhed, under the title of a law French dictionary; a performance fo very trifling and incorrect, that it tends more to mislead than to inform the inquifitive or industrious reader which is evident on comparing the words ufed in that dictionary, with the originals from whence they were taken.

Thefe defects, Mr. Kelham, with an industry which redounds much to his honour, has rectified. Yet this collection, extenfive (fays the author) as I have endeavoured to make it, does not, I must confefs, take in every difficult or obsolete Norman French word; feveral of this kind are purposely omitted, on account of the fenfe of them not readily occurring, and are left for fome more able hand to investigate; others alfo will, without doubt, be met with in fome books and manufcripts which have efcaped my reading: though I perfuade myself the number will not be very confiderable, and that it may with truth be faid, that very few of the ancient Norman French words which occur in this work, are to be met with elsewhere.'

This compilation is confined to fuch words of the old French language as occur chiefly in Rymer's Fœdera, our ftatutes, parliament rolls, journals, records, law books and hiftorians; thofe which are to be met with in the ancient

writers

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