able to it; 66 a torment" and 1" execution" as it is, as he calls it in the poet, an unquenchable fire, and what not? 2 From it, saith Austin, arise "biting cares, perturbations, passions, sorrows, fears, suspicions, discontents, contentions, discords, wars, treacheries, enmities, flattery, cozening, riot, impudence, cruelty, knavery," &c.

8" dolor, querelæ,

Lamentatio, lachrymæ perennes,
Languor, anxietas, amaritudo;

Aut si triste magis potest quid esse,

Hos tu das comites Neæra vitæ."

These be the companions of lovers, and the ordinary symptoms, as the poet repeats them.

4"In amore hæc insunt vitia,

Suspiciones, inimicitiæ, audaciæ,
Bellum, pax rursum," &c.

5 "Insomnia, ærumna, error, terror, et fuga,
Excogitantia, excors immodestia,

Petulantia, cupiditas, et malevolentia;
Inhæret etiam aviditas, desidia, injuria,
Inopia, contumelia et dispendium," &c.
"In love these vices are; suspicions,

Peace, war, and impudence, detractions,
Dreams, cares, and errors, terrors and affrights,
Immodest pranks, devices, sleights and flights,
Heart-burnings, wants, neglects, desire of wrong,
Loss continual, expense, and hurt among."

Every poet is full of such catalogues of love symptoms; but fear and sorrow may justly challenge the chief place. Though Hercules de Saxoniâ, cap. 3, Tract. de melanch. will exclude fear from love-melancholy, yet I am otherwise persuaded. Res est solliciti plena timoris amor. "Tis full of fear, anxiety, doubt, care, peevishness, suspicion; it turns a man into a woman, which made Hesiod belike put Fear and Paleness Venus's daughters,

1 Plautus: Credo ego ad hominis car- lites, bella, insidiæ, iracundiæ, inimicitiæ, nificinam amorem inventum esse. 2 De fallaciæ, adulatio, fraus, furtum, nequit civitat. lib. 22, cap. 20. Ex eo oriuntur ia, impudentia. 3 Marullus, I. 1 mordaces curæ, perturbationes, moerores, 4 Ter. Eunuch. 5 Plautus, Mercat formidines, insana gaudia, discordiæ, 6 Ovid.

"Marti clypeos atque arma secanti

Alma Venus peperit Pallorem, unaque Timorem: "

because fear and love are still linked together. Moreover they are apt to mistake, amplify, too credulous sometimes, too full of hope and confidence, and then again very jealous, unapt to believe or entertain any good news. The comical poet hath prettily painted out this passage amongst the rest in a 'dialogue betwixt Mitio and Æschines, a gentle father and a lovesick son. "Be of good cheer. my son, thou shalt have her to wife. E. Ah father, do you mock me now? M. I mock thee, why? E. That which I so earnestly desire, I more suspect and fear. M. Get you home, and send for her to be your wife. Æ. What now a wife, now, father," &c. These doubts, anxieties, suspicions, are the least part of their torments; they break many times from passions to actions, speak fair, and flatter, now most obsequious and willing, by and by they are averse, wrangle, fight, swear, quarrel, laugh, weep, and he that doth not so by fits, 2 Lucian holds, is not thoroughly touched with this loadstone of love. So their actions and passions are intermixed, but of all other passions, sorrow hath the greatest share; love to many is bitterness itself; rem amaram Plato calls it, a bitter potion, an agony, a plague.

"Eripite hanc pestem perniciemque mihi;

Quæ mihi subrepens imos ut torpor in artus,
Expulit ex omni pectore lætitias."

"O take away this plague, this mischief from me,
Which, as a numbness over all my body,

Expels my joys, and makes my soul so heavy."

Phædria had a true touch of this, when he cried out,

4" O Thais, utinam esset mihi

Pars æqua amoris tecum, ac pariter fieret ut

Aut hoc tibi doleret itidem, ut mihi dolet."

" Thais, would thou hadst of these my pains a part,
Or as it doth me now, so it would make thee smart."

1 Adelphi, Act. 4, scen. 5. M. Bono animo es, duces uxorem hanc, Eschines. E. Hem, pater, num tu ludis me nunc? M. Egone te, quamobrem? E. Quod tam

misere cupio, &c. 2 Tom. 4, dial. amorum. 3 Aristotle, 2, Rhet. puts love therefore in the irascible part. Ovid. 4 Ter. Eunuch Act. 1, sc. 2.

So had that young man, when he roared again for discon

tent,

1 "Jactor, crucior, agitor, stimulor,
Versor in amoris rotâ miser

Exanimor, feror, distrahor, deripior,

Ubi sum, ibi non sum; ubi non sum, ibi est animus."

"I am vext and toss'd, and rack'd on love's wheel;
Where not, I am; but where am, do not feel."

The moon in 2 Lucian made her moan to Venus, that she was
almost dead for love, pereo equidem amore, and after a long
tale, she broke off abruptly and wept, "O Venus, thou
knowest my poor heart." Charmides, in Lucian, was so
impatient, that he sobbed and sighed, and tore his hair, and
said he would hang himself. "I am undone, O sister Try-
phena, I cannot endure these love pangs; what shall I do?”
Vos O dii Averrunci solvite me his curis, O ye gods, free me
from these cares and miseries, out of the anguish of his soul,
5 Theocles prays.
Shall I say, most part of a lover's life is
full of agony, anxiety, fear and grief, complaints, sighs, sus-
picions, and cares (heigh-ho my heart is woe), full of silence
and irksome solitariness?

"Frequenting shady bowers in discontent,

To the air his fruitless clamours he will vent,"

except at such times that he hath lucida intervalla, pleasant gales, or sudden alterations, as if his mistress smile upon him, give him a good look, a kiss, or that some comfortable message be brought him, his service is accepted, &c.

as

6

He is then too confident and rapt beyond himself, as if he had heard the nightingale in the spring before the cuckoo, or Calisto was at Melebæa's presence, Quis unquam hâc mortali vitâ tam gloriosum corpus vidit? humanitatem transcendere videor, &c., who ever saw so glorious a sight, what man ever enjoyed such delight? More content cannot be given of the gods, wished, had or hoped of any mortal man.

1 Plautus. 2 Tom. 3. 3 Scis quod posthac dicturus fuerim. 4 Tom. 4, dial. meret. Tryphena, amor me perdit, neque malum hoc amplius sustinere posBum. 5 Aristænetus, lib. 2, epist. 8.

6 Coelestinæ, act. 1. Sancti majore lætitia non fruuntur. Si mihi Deus omnium votorum mortalium summam concedat, non magis, &c.

There is no happiness in the world comparable to his, no content, no joy to this, no life to love, he is in paradise.

1 "Quis me uno vivit felicior? aut magis hâc est
Optandum vitâ dicere quis poterit?"

"Who lives so happy as myself? what bliss

In this our life may be compared to this?"

He will not change fortune in that case with a prince,

2 "Donec gratus eram tibi,

Persarum vigui rege beatior."

The Persian kings are not so jovial as he is, O 3festus dies hominis, O happy day; so Chærea exclaims when he came from Pamphila his sweetheart well pleased,

"Nunc est profectò interfici cum perpeti me possem,
Ne hoc gaudium contaminet vita aliquâ ægritudine.'

"He could find in his heart to be killed instantly, lest if he live longer, some sorrow or sickness should contaminate his joys." A little after, he was so merrily set upon the same occasion, that he could not contain himself.

4 "O populares, ecquis me vivit hodiè fortunatior?

Nemo hercule quisquam; nam in me dii planè potestatem
Suam omnem ostendere;"

"Is't possible (0 my countrymen) for any living to be so
happy as myself? No sure it cannot be, for the gods have
shown all their power, all their goodness in me." Yet by
and by when this young gallant was crossed in his wench, he
laments, and cries, and roars downright: Occidi-
-I am
undone,

66 Neque virgo est usquam, neque ego, qui e conspectu illam amisi meo, Ubi quæram, ubi investigem, quem percuncter, quam insistam viam? "The virgin's gone, and I am gone, she's gone, she's gone, and what shall I do? where shall I seek her, where shall I

1 Catullus, de Lesbia. 2 Hor. ode 9, lib. 3. Act. 5, scen. 9.

8 Act. 3, scen. 5, Eunuch. Ter

find her, whom shall I ask? what way, what course shall I take? what will become of me"- 1vitales auras invitus agebat, he was weary of his life, sick, mad, and desperate, 2 utinam mihi esset aliquid hic, quo nunc me præcivitem darem. "Tis not Chærea's case this alone, but his, and his, and every lover's in the like state. If he hear ill news, have bad success in his suit, she frown upon him, or that his mistress in his presence respect another more (as Hædus observes) "prefer another suitor, speak more familiarly to him, or use more kindly than himself, if by nod, smile, message, she discloseth herself to another, he is instantly tormented, none so dejected as he is," utterly undone, a castaway, * In quem fortuna omnia odiorum suorum crudelissima tela exonerat, a dead man, the scorn of fortune, a monster of fortune, worse than nought, the loss of a kingdom had been less. Aretine's Lucretia made very good proof of this, as she relates it herself. "For when I made some of my suitors believe I would betake myself to a nunnery, they took on, as if they had lost father and mother, because they were forever after to want my company." Omnes labores leves fuere, all other labour was light; but this might not be endured. Tui carendum quod erat"for I can

not be without thy company," mournful Amyntas, painful Amyntas, careful Amyntas; better a metropolitan city were sacked, a royal army overcome, an invincible armada sunk, and twenty thousand kings should perish, than her little finger ache, so zealous are they, and so tender of her good. They would all turn friars for my sake, as she follows it, in hope by that means to meet, or see me again, as my confessors, at stoolball, or at barleybrake: And so afterwards when an importunate suitor came, 7" If I had bid my maid say that I

1 Mantuan. 2 Ter. Adelph. 8, 4. 3 Lib. 1, de contemn. amoribus. Si quem alium respexerit amica suavius, et familiarius, si quem alloquuta fuerit, si nutu, nuncio, &c., statim cruciatur. 4 Calisto in Coelestinâ. 5 Pornodidasc. dial. Ital. Patre et matre se singuli orbos censebant, quod meo contubernio caren

dum esset. 6 Ter. tui carendum quod erat. 7 Si responsum esset dominam occupatam esse aliisque vacaret, ille statim vix hoc audito velut in marmor obriguit, alii se damnare, &c., at cui favebam, in campis Ely siis esse videbatur, &c.