Of the Great Kitchen.

The king's Poulterer, the customary ration and three half-pence to his man.

Two Cooks, each of them the customary ration. Three half-pence to their man.

The Serjeants of the same kitchen, the customary ration only.

The Usher of the Spithouse, the customary ration; to his man three half-pence.

The Turn Spit likewise.

Likewise the Keeper of the Dishes, and besides this one sumpter-horse with his allowance.

The Carter of the great kitchen, a double ration, and for his horse a proper allowance.

The Carter of the Larder likewise.

The Serjeant who receives the venison shall eat within; and three half-pence to his man.

The Master Butler, the same as the Sewer, and they have one allowance and in the same manner.

The Master Stewards of the Butlery who serve in turn, the same as the Stewards of the Dispensary who serve in turn. But they have more candle, because they have a taper and twenty-four candle-ends.

The Usher of the Butlery, the customary ration, and three half-pence to his man.

The Hosiers shall eat in the house, and to each of their men threepence.

The Butterer, the customary ration, and threepence to his men, and half a sextary of household wine and twelve candle-ends.

The Workmen of the Buttery, the customary ration only, but the serjeant besides this three half-pence to his man and two sumpter-horses with their allowances.

Of the Keepers of the Cups.

Four only must serve together in their turn, of whom two shall eat in the house, and each for his man three halfpence. Two other shall have the customary ration and likewise three half-pence to their men.

The Keepers of the Mazers a double ration only.

Of the Fruiterers.

The Fruiterer shall eat in the house, and three of his

men.

The Carter the customary ration and allowance for his horses.

The Master Chamberlain is equal with the Sewer in his allowance.

The Treasurer as the Master Chamberlain if he shall be in the Court and shall serve in the Treasury. William Maudut fourteen pence daily, and he shall eat regularly in the house, and one thick candle and thirteen candle-ends and two sumpter-horses with their allowances.

The Porter of the King's Litter shall eat in the house, and to his man three half-pence and one sumpter-horse with his allowance.

The Chamberlain who serves in his turn two shillings daily, and one simnel [of dripping,] and one sextary of household wine, and one taper and fourteen candle-ends.

The Chamberlain of the Candles eightpence daily, and half a sextary of household wine.

The King's Tailor shall eat in his house, and to his man three half-pence.

The Chamberlain shall eat in the house without allowance if he shall desire it.

The Water-carrier a double ration, and when the king goes abroad one penny to wring out the king's clothes; and when the king bathes, threepence, except on the three feasts of the year.

The Constables have allowances like as the Sewers, and in like manner William, son of Odo, one royal simnel and one sextary of clear wine and one taper and twenty-four candle-ends.

Henry de la Pomerai, if he shall eat without the house, two shillings daily, and one simnel [of dripping,] and one sextary of household wine, and one taper, and twenty-four candle-ends; but if within, fourteen pence and half a sextary of household wine, and candle fully.

Roger de Oyli likewise.

Of the Marshalsea.

The Master Marshal likewise, namely, John. And besides this he ought to have vouchers of the gifts and allowances that may arise from the King's Treasury and from his Chamber, and he ought to have vouchers against all the king's officials as witness for all things.

The four Marshals who serve the family of the king as well clerks as knights and ministers, the day whereon they

make a harbourage or abide without the Court on the king's business, eightpence daily, and one gallon of household wine and twelve candle-ends. If without, threepence daily for their man and a full candle. And if anyone of the Marshals shall be sent on the king's business, eightpence only.

The Serjeants of the Marshals if they shall be sent on the king's business, to each of them, daily, threepence. But if not they shall eat in the king's house.

The Ushers, servants of the Bishop, shall eat in the house; to each of their men three half-pence daily and eight candle-ends.

Gilbert Bonhomme and Ralph shall eat in the house without any other allowance.

The Watchmen, a double ration; and to their men three halfpence daily and four candles, and besides this of a morning. each of them two loaves and one dish of meat and one gallon of beer.

The Keeper of the Hearth shall always eat in the house, and from the feast of Saint Michael to Easter every day fourpence for the fire.

The Usher of the Chamber each day on which the king fares abroad fourpence for the king's bed.

The Keeper of the Tents shall eat in the house, and whenever he was to carry the tents, he used to have allowance for one man and one sumpter-horse.

Each of the four Hornblowers threepence daily.

Twenty Serjeants, each one penny daily.

The Keepers of the Gazehounds, each threepence daily and twopence to their men.

And for every Harrier a half-penny daily.

The King's Mews eightpence daily.

The Knight's Huntsmen eightpence daily each.

The Cat Hunters each fivepence.

The Leader of the Limmers a penny.

A Limmer, a half-penny.

The Bear-ward threepence daily.

The Huntsmen of the Hart, each threepence daily, and of the great Hart four ought to have a penny, and of the small Hart seven a penny.

For the great Hart two men, and each a penny daily; and for the small Hart two men, and each a penny daily.

The Keepers of the Brachs, each threepence daily. The Wolf-catchers, twenty pence daily for them and their men and dogs, and they ought to have twenty-four coursing dogs, and eight Harriers, and six pounds by the year to buy horses, but they themselves say eight.

Of the Archers who used to carry the king's bow, each fivepence daily; and other archers the same.

Bernard, Ralph le Bobeur, and their fellows each threepence daily.

(In Court Life under the Plantagenets, ed. H. Hall, London, 1890. p. 244.) 64. The First Coronation of Richard I.

Roger de Hovenden

The ceremony described by Roger de Hoveden illustrates the form by which the kings of England were installed in office. The royal state used by the Norman kings was derived from their Saxon predecessors and continued by the Angevins. The student should observe the function of the Church, the oath of the king, the manner of anointing and crowning, and the oaths of fealty and homage which concluded the ceremony.

First came the bishops, abbats, and large numbers of the clergy, wearing silken hoods, preceded by the cross, taperbearers, censers, and holy water, as far as the door of the king's inner chamber; where they received the before-named duke, and escorted him to the church of Westminster, as far as the high altar, in solemn procession, with chaunts of praise, while all the way along which they went, from the door of the king's chamber to the altar, was covered with woollen cloth. The order of the procession was as follows: First came the clergy in their robes, carrying holy water, and the cross, tapers, and censers. Next came the priors, then the abbats, and then the bishops, in the midst of whom walked four barons, bearing four candlesticks of gold; after whom came Godfrey de Lucy, bearing the king's cap [of maintenance], and John Marshal by him, carrying two great and massive spurs of gold. After these came William Marshal, earl of Striguil, bearing the royal sceptre of gold, on the top of which was a cross of gold, and by him William FitzPatrick, earl of Salisbury, bearing a rod of gold, having on its top a dove of gold. After them came David, earl of Huntingdon, brother of the king of Scotland, John, earl of Mortaigne, the duke's brother, and Robert, earl of Leicester, carrying three golden swords from the king's treasury, the scabbards of which were worked all over with gold; the earl of Mortaigne walking in the middle. Next came six earls

and six barons, carrying on their shoulders a very large chequer, upon which were placed the royal arms and robes; and after them William de Mandeville, earl of Aumarle, carrying a great and massive crown of gold, decorated on every side with precious stones. Next came Richard, duke of Normandy, Hugh, bishop of Durham, walking at his right hand, and Reginald, bishop of Bath, at his left, and four barons holding over them a canopy of silk on four lofty spears. Then followed a great number of earls, barons, knights, and others, both clergy and laity, as far as the porch of the church, and dressed in their robes, entered with the duke, and proceeded as far as the choir.

When the duke had come to the altar, in presence of the archbishops, bishops, clergy, and people, kneeling before the altar, with the holy Evangelists placed before him, and many relics of the saints, according to custom, he swore that he would all the days of his life observe peace, honour, and reverence towards God, the Holy Church, and its ordinances. He also swore that he would exercise true justice and equity towards the people committed to his charge. He also swore that he would abrogate bad laws and unjust customs, if any such had been introduced into his kingdom, and would enact good laws, and observe the same without fraud or evil intent. After this they took off all his clothes from the waist upwards, except his shirt and breeches; his shirt having been previously separated over his shoulders; after which they shod him with sandals embroidered with gold. Then Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, pouring holy oil upon his head, breast, and arms, which signifies glory, valour, and knowledge, with suitable prayers for the occasion; after which the said archbishop placed a consecrated linen cloth on his head, and upon that the cap which Godfrey de Lucy had carried. They then clothed him in the royal robes, first a tunic, and then a dalmatic; after which the said archbishop delivered to him the sword of rule, with which to crush evildoers against the Church; this done, two earls placed the spurs upon his feet, which John Marshal had carried. After this, being robed in a mantle, he was led to the altar, where the said archbishop forbade him, in the name of Almighty God, to presume to take upon him this dignity, unless he had the full intention inviolably to observe the oaths and vows before-mentioned which he had made; to which he made answer that, with God's assistance, he would without reservation observe them all. After this, he himself took the