arva cedentia retro (receding in the distance); retro residunt (draw back).

retrōrsum (-rsus), [retrō-vorsus, p.p. of verto], adv., backward,back. retundo,-tudī, -tūsum, -tundere, [re-tundo], 3. v. a., beat back, blunt: retusum ferrum (a dull knife).

retūsus, -a, -um, p.p. of retundo. reus, -i, [tre- (of res) + us (or -ius)], m., a party (to a suit, res). Esp., a defendant. Hence, guilty, bound: voti (bound by one's wow, having obtained his prayer). revehõ, -vexí, -vectum, -vehere, [re-veho], 3. v. a., carry back, bring back.

revello, velli, -vulsum (vols-), -vellere, [re-vello], 3. v. a., wrench away, tear away, drag from: cineres (dig up). revertor, versus, (also act. reverti), reverti, [re-vertor], 3. v. dep., turn back, return, be renewed (grow again).

revincio, -vinxi, -vinctum, -vincire, [re-vincio], 4. v. a., bind back, bind fast, wreathe: quas serpentum spiris (crown, arm, of the Furies).

revinctus, -a, -um, p.p. of revincio. revirēsco, -viruí, no sup., -virēscere, [re-viresco], 3. v. n., sprout again.

reviso, no perf., no sup., -visere, [re-viso], 3. v. a. and n., revisit,

return to.

revocātus, -a, -um, p.p. of revoco. revocō, -āvi, -ātum, -āre, [revoco], I. v. a., call back, restore, renew, revive, bring to life: gradum, pedem (retrace); exordia pugnae (recall, relate). — Also, detain, dissuade. revolo, -āvi, no sup., -āre, [revolo], I. v. n., fly back. revolūtus, -a, -um, p.p. of revolvo. revolvo, volvi, -volūtum, -volvere, [re-volvo], 3. v. a., roll back, throw back, throw over. Also, go round again, repeat: iter

(retrace); casus (repeat the round of, &c.); haec ingrata (repeat, renew, in narration). — revolūtus, -a, -um, p.p. in several special senses: ter revoluta toro est (fell back); Caeneus in veterem figuram (restored again); dies (returning); pensa (fell from the hands); aequora (turbulent); aestu revoluta saxa (washed down, by the undertow); ille iacuit (rolling over); alter suffosso equo (thrown backward). revomo, -vomui, no sup., -vomere, [re-vomo], 3. v. a., throw up. revulsus (-volsus), -a, -um, p.p. of revello.

rēx, rēgis, [vreg (increased) as stem], m., a king, a prince, a leader. Also of divinities, rivers, a mountain (producing the "prince of wines"). As adj. in app., ruling.

Rhadamanthus, -I, [Gr. 'Padáμaveos], m., a brother of Minos, and son of Jupiter, who was driven from Crete by his brother. After his death he was made a judge in the world below. Rhamnēs, -ētis, [?], m., a prince, and augur of Turnus. Rhea, -ae, [?],f., a mythic priestess,

mother of Aventinus by Hercules. Rhēnus, -i, [?], m., the Rhine, the

river separating Gaul and Germany. Rhesus, -i, [Gr. 'Pñσos], m., a king of Thrace whose horses were carried away before Troy by Ulysses and Diomed, before they had eaten or drunk, according to an omen or prophecy.

Rhodius, -a, -um, [Gr. Postos], adj., of Rhodes (an island in the

eastern Mediterranean), Rhodian. Rhodopē, -ēs, [Gr. 'Podóπn], f., a mountain of Thrace. Rhodopēius, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Posɔhos], adj., of Rhodope. Less exactly, Thracian. Rhoebus, -i, [?], m., the war-horse

of Mezentius. Rhoetëius, -a, -um, [Gr. 'PoiThiOS],

adj., of Rheteum (a promontory of | the Troad).-Less exactly, Trojan. Rhoeteus, -ei (-eos), [?], m., a Rutulian.

Rhoetus, -1, [?], m.: 1. A king of the Marsi; 2. A centaur. rideo, rīsi, rīsum, rīdēre, [?], 2. v. a. and n., laugh at, smile at, smile upon, smile. — Fig., bloom, smile.

rigeō (rigui, referred to rigesco),

no sup., rigēre, [?, rig, through adj.-stem, cf. rigidus, perh. akin to frigeo], 2. v. n., be stiff, be stiffened. - rigēns, -ēntis, p. as adj., stiff, stiffened. rigēsco, rigui, no sup., rigēscere, [trige- (of rigeo) + sco], 3. v. n. incept., grow stiff, stiffen, congeal, freeze.

rigidus, -a, -um, [†rigŏ + dus, cf. rigeo], adj., stiff, rigid, hard, unbending, solid.-Of weapons, irresistible (unbending, as not yielding to any obstruction).

rigō, -āvī, -ātum, -āre, [?, cf. Gr. Bpéxw, fr. adj.-stem, cf. riguus], I. v. a., water, wash, wet, bathe, stain.

rigor, -ōris, [√rig (in rigeo) + or], m., hardness: ferri (unyielding iron).

riguus, -a, -um, [√rig (in rigo) +uus, cf. nocuus], adj., watering, irrigating.

Riphaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. 'Pinaia], adj., of the Riphæi (a range of mountains in Thrace), Riphæan. Ripheus, -ei (-eos), [Gr. 'Pipeus], m., a Trojan warrior at the sack of Troy.

rīsus, -ūs, [ √rid (in rideo)+tus], m., laughter, a laugh, a smile. rite [prob. abl. of stem akin to ritus], adv., with due ceremony, in due form, duly. Less exactly, as usual, rightly, fitly, aptly. rītus, -ūs, vri (of unc. kin.) + tus, cf. rite], m., a form, a rite, a ceremony. Less exactly, a custom, a usage. ritu, abl., in the manner of, just like.

rivus, -i, [?, cf. ripa, perh. akin to Gr. péw], m., a stream, a brook, a river, a canal, a sluice. Also, a Poetically, of sweat and

vein. the like.

rōbigỗ (rūb-), -inis, [stem akin to rubeo+go, cf. aerugo], f., rust

(of metals or of grain), blight. rōbur, -oris, [?, unc. root+us], n., hardwood, timber, wood, a beam, a log, a stout stick: annoso robore quercum (of aged trunk). — - Esp., an oak tree, oak. Fig., strength (of resistance), force, vigor, courage: pubis (the flower); quae robora cuique (virtue, of soils); ferri (strong bars). rõbustus, -a, -um, [†robus + tus, cf. honestus], adj., stout, sturdy. rogitõ, 1. v. a., ask, enquire.

rimor, -ātus, -ārī,[†rima-], 1. v. a., pry into, search, dig up, hunt for, hunt for food in, tear (by rummaging).

rimōsus, -a, -um, [†rima- (reduced)+osus], adj., full of chinks: cubilia (loose-jointed); cymba (leaky).

ripa, -ae, [?, same root as rivus?], f., a bank (of a river, &c., cf. litus, and ora, of the sea). Less exactly, shore. Poetically, of the river itself, shore (as in Eng.).

ask, beg, sue for, ask for. rogus, -i, [?], m., a funeral pile, a pyre.

Rōma, -ae, [most likely akin to Gr. ῥέω], f., Rome.

Romānus, -a, -um, [†Romā + nus], adj., Roman, of Rome.— Masc., a Roman.

Rōmuleus, -a, -um, [+Romulo(reduced)+eus], adj., of Romulus. Rōmulides, -ae, [Romulo + des (Gr. form of patronymic)], m. only in plur., descendants of Romulus (the Romans), sons of Romulus.

+lus], m., the mythic founder of

Rome.

Rõmulus, -a, -um, [same word as preceding, decl. as adj.], adj., of

Romulus.

rosētum, -i, [†rosa- (reduced) + etum, cf. dumetum], n., a rosebed, a rose-garden. roseus, -a, -um, [†rosa- (reduced) +eus], ad, of roses. Less exactly, rose-colored, rosy. Rōseus, -a, -um, [prob. trosa-], adj., of Rosea (a district of middle Italy famous for fertility), Rosean. rostrātus, -a, -um, [†rostrŏ- (reduced)+atus, cf. auratus], adj., furnished with beaks. rostrum, -i, [√rod + trum], n., a beak, a bill, a proboscis (of the bee).- Esp., a beak (of a ship). rota, -ae, [akin to Sk. ratha, Germ. Rad], f., a wheel (with spokes), a chariot, a cart. - - Poetically: volvere rotam (run a course, of years). roto, -āvi, -ātum, -āre, [†rota-],

I. v. a. and n., whirl about, brandish. Intrans., roll.

rubeō, no perf., no sup., -ēre, [trubo- (rub+us, cf. robus, robigo, ruber)], 2. v. n., be red, redden, blush, shine, glow. -rubēns, -entis, p. as adj., red, ruddy, blushing, rosy.

cf. rubeo], adj., red, ruddy, crimson, rosy-tinted: litus (of the Red Sea).

rubesco, -rubui, no sup., -rubē

scere, [trubē (of rubeo)+ sco], 3. v. n., redden, be reddened. rubeus, -a, -um, [†rubŏ- (reduced) +eus], adj., of brambles: virga (a bramble-twig). rubicundus, -a, -um, [as if rubi(weak stem of rubeo) + cundus (cf. verecundus), prob. really trubicon+dus (i.e., √rub + 0 + co+on+dus), cf. rotundus], adj., ruddy, blushing.

rubor, -ōris, [√rub + or], m., redness, a blush, a flush.

rubus, -1, [prob. √rub + us, cf. rubeo], m., a bramble. rudens, -entis, [?], m., a rope (of a ship), a hawser, a line, a sheet, cordage.

rudimentum, -ī, [†rudi- (of rudis, foil, or lost verb rudio, practise with foil)+mentum], n., a first attempt, a beginning.

rudis, -e, [?], adj., rough, rude. rudo, -ivi, -itum, -ere, [?], 3. v. n., roar, bellow, creak.

Rufrae, -ārum, [same word as ruber, cf. rufus], f. plur., a town of the Samnites or of Campania, variously located.

rūga, -ae, [?], f., a wrinkle. ruina, -ae, [†ruŏ- (reduced) + ina, cf. ruo], f., a fall, a crash, a convulsion: caeli (downfall, of pouring rain); horrificae (crashing, of Etna); dare ruinam (fall with a crash); primi dant ruinam (fall on each other like an avalanche).-Fig., downfall, ruin, disaster, calamity, destruction: urbis; rerum (ruined fortunes).

- Concretely (perh. orig. meaning), a falling mass, a fleeing mass (like a falling body): trahere ruinam (fall in confusion, fall in a mass, fall in a heap of ruins); urgente ruina (borne on by the rush of the crowd).

rūmino, no perf., no sup., -āre, [trumin-], 1.v. n., ruminate, chew, chew the cud of: herbas. - Pass. as dep. (the usual form), in same

sense.

rūmor, -ōris, [?], m., common talk,

a rumor, report: rumore secundo (with general words of good omen). rumpo, rūpī, ruptum, rumpere, [vrup], 3. v. a. and n., lit., break, burst, break down, break through, pierce, break off, sever, tear, bruise, crush, shatter: horrea messes (fill to bursting); rumpantur ilia (may split); postes (burst open); arbusta cicadae (split); rumpuntur pectora (burst with rage). Of the effect (with cognate acc.), break a path, force, rive (a cleft).

- Causative, throw out, let fall. - Hence, with reflexive or in passive, break forth, burst forth, dart forth.-Fig, break off, break, break through, annul, violate, interrupt, destroy, rend asunder: somnum (banish); fata (escape); moras (break through). — ruptus, -a, -um, p.p.: rupto Acherunte (through a breach into Acheron); ruptis fornacibus (the broken vent of its forges); ruptis caminis (broken vent, of a volcano, as having been burst through by the fire itself). ruo, rui, rutum, ruere, [√ru, of unc. kin.], 3. v. a. and n.

Act.,

overthrow, throw in confusion, hurl down, destroy, break up, lay waste, prostrate; throw up, dash up, roll up: rapiunt ruuntque (plunder and lay waste); confusa ossa (throw pell-mell); ignis nubem; omnia late; cumulos arenae (shatter, with a military figure). Intrans., fall (with idea

Sabaeus, -a, -um, [Gr. Zaßaios], adj., of Saba (a town in Arabia famous for its myrrh, frankincense, and the wealth and luxury of its inhabitants), Sabean.-Masc. pl.,

of violence), fall in torrents, flors in torrents, fall in ruins, set (of the sun, hasten to its setting).— Also, run blindly, rush, rush in, rush on, come on quickly, hurry, be borne headlong, flee: nox Oceano (hasten up); clamor (burst forth); voces ( pour forth).—Fig., end, approach the end, deterior ate in peius omnia (grow worse and worse).

rūpēs, -is, [√rup + es (and is)], f., a rock (broken or precipitous, in position, cf. saxum), a cliff. ruptus, -a, -um, p.p. of rumpo. rursum (rursus), [re-vorsus (-um)], adv., back, again, anew. - Sometimes pleonastic with re (cf." back again").—Fig., besides, again, once more, on the other hand, a second time then again. rūs, rūris, [?], n., the country (op

posed to the city), a farm, a field, land: rus opacum (shady ground). ruscum, -i, [?], n., butcher's broom, a useless wild plant.

rūsticus, -a, -um, [†rus (orig. stem of rus) +ticus, adj., of the country,woodland, rustic.—Masc., a rustic, a countryman. rutilo, -āvi, -ātum, -āre, [†rutilŏ-], I. v. a. and n., glow with red or orange, glimmer red. rutilus, -a, -um, [akin to ruber, perh. for trudtilus], adj., red, orange, red-gold.

Rutulus, -a, -um, [?], adj., of the

Rutuli, a small people of Latium whose chief city was Ardea. They serve as the mythic foes of Eneas, and under the lead of Turnus their king were supposed to have resisted the settlement of the Trojans in Italy. Masc. plur., the people.

the Sabeans, the people themselves. Sabellicus, -a, -um, [+3abello + cus], adj., Sabellian, Sabine. Sabellus, -a, -um, [prob. †Sabinŏ