Let none enter those holy walls, unless he is conscious of a pure and innocent mind.—Gibbon.

Unless the fear of death doth make me dote,
I see my son Antipholus.-Err. 5, 1, 195.
Caesar, thou canst not die by traitors' hands,
Unless thou bring'st them with thee.

J. C. 5, 1, 56.

(7.) COMPARATIVE SENTENCES.

227. Introduced by As and Than, with the Indicative:

Strike as thou didst at Caesar; for, I know,

When thou didst hate him worst, thou lovedst him better
Than ever thou lovedst Cassius.-J. C. 4, 3, 105.

And as with age his body uglier grows,
So his mind cankers.-Temp. 4, 191.

"Tis the mind that makes the body rich; And as the sun breaks through the darkest clouds, So honour peereth in the meanest habit.—Shrew, 4, 3, 174.

As many arrows, loosed several ways,

Come to one mark; as many ways meet in one town ;
As many fresh streams meet in one salt sea;

As many lines close in the dial's centre;
So may a thousand actions, once afoot,
End in one purpose.-H. 5.; I, 2, 207.
So tedious is this day

As is the night before some festival
To an impatient child that hath new robes
And may not wear them.-Rom. 3, 2, 28.

NOTE. When a bare supposition is stated, the Subjunctive occurs with or without if :

I will make a pretence, as if I were going out.

And, like as there were husbandry in war,
Before the sun rose he was harness'd light,
And to the field goes he.-Tro. 1, 2, 7.

THE SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER VERBS OF ASKING OR TELLING.

228. When the Verb in the principal sentence is one of asking or telling, and the subordinate sentence is connected with the principal sentence by if or whether, the Verb in the subordinate sentence is often in the Subjunctive :

'Tis hard to say if greater want of skill
Appear in writing or in judging ill.—Pope.

O say me true if thou wert mortal wight, And why from us so quickly thou didst take thy flight. Milton.

When I ask her if she love me.—Tennyson.

Yes, bring me word, boy, if thy lord look well.

J. C. 2, 4, 13.

But tell us, do you hear whether Antonio have had any loss at sea or no?-Merch. 3, 1, 44.

INDIRECT NARRATION.

229. If we report the precise words used by a speaker, we call it Direct Narration :

"I am King," he said, "I will be obeyed."

Macaulay.

If we make the words of a speaker conform to the grammatical construction of a sentence, of which the principal Verb is said, answered, or the like, we call it Indirect Narration:

I have heard him say a thousand times
His Julia gave it him at his departure.

Gent. 4, 4, 139.

230. The tense of the Verb in the subordinate sentence depends in many cases on the tense of the Verb in the principal sentence :—

So also may after a Present becomes might after a Past.

THE PERIOD.

231. We call any combination of principal and dependent sentences a Period.

The simplest form of the Period is that in which a principal sentence is followed by a dependent sentence :

PRINCIPAL.

Be silent,

I speak not to disprove
Who is here so vile

DEPENDENT.

that you may hear.-J. C. 3, 2, 14.
what Brutus spoke.-J. C. 3,2,105.
that will not love his country?
J. C. 3, 2, 35.

I know not, gentlemen, what you intend.-J. C. 3, 1, 151.

232. When the dependent sentence precedes the principal sentence, the former is called the Protăsis (from a Greek word meaning a putting forward) and the latter is called the Apodosis (from a Greek word meaning a paying back). This arrangement is most common when the Protasis is a Conditional sentence.

When that the poor have cried Caesar hath wept.

J. C. 3, 2, 96.

Because I love him,

I must pity him,

Gent. 4, 4, 101.

233. The dependent sentence is called an Intermediate Sentence when it is inserted in the midst of the principal sentence :

Even at the base of Pompey's statua,

Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell.
J. C. 3, 2, 192.

And bade me, if I had a friend that loved her,
I should but teach him how to tell my story,
And that would woo her.-Oth. 1, 3, 164.
Speculative inquiries may lead, as they often have done,
to real improvements.-Burke.

234. Sometimes the principal sentence is placed between two parts of a dependent sentence :

What private griefs they have, alas! I know not,
That made them do it.-J. C. 3, 2, 217.

His fame was great, and it will, we have no doubt, be lasting.-Macaulay.

Pope, I have heard, had placed him in the "Dunciad." Cowper. Particular callings, it is known, encourage particular diseases.-G. Eliot.

Hastings, it is clear, was not sensible of the danger of his position.-Macaulay.

235. When a sentence stands in the midst of another sentence, without being grammatically connected with it, the inserted sentence is called a Parenthesis (from a Greek word meaning insertion among):—

At the last stage—what is its name? I have forgotten in seven-and-thirty years-there is an inn with a little green and trees before it.—Thackeray.