The blackbird has fled to another retreat, Where the hazels afford him a shade from the heat. Cowper. Grotius wrote at a time when the invention of printing had facilitated the means of intelligence, and increased the danger of detection.—Gibbon. 209. Adjectival sentences are often introduced by as, supported by such: Tears such as angels weep.-Milton. Far remote From such unpleasing sounds as haunt the ear III.-Adverbial Sentences. 210. An Adverbial sentence limits, after the manner of an Adverb, the Verb in the principal sentence. It is linked to the principal sentence by a Relative Adverb (§ 117) or by a Subordinate Conjunction (§ 96). 1. RELATIVE ADVERBS INTRODUCING ADVERBIAL SENTENCES. 211. Relative Adverbs are used to introduce Adverbial sentences of— I. TIME. It rested with your grace To unloose this tied-up justice when you pleased. Meas. 1, 3, 31. 2. PLACE. For I have murdered where I should not kill. Not that I fear to stay, but love to go Whither the queen intends.-H. 6. C.; 2, 5, 138. 3. MANNER. Now, soldiers, march away; And how Thou pleasest, God, dispose the day. H. 5.; 4, 3, 131. NOTE 1.-Observe how such sentences are thrown forward for emphasis Whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge.-Ruth i. 16. Shakespeare may have had this passage in his mind when he wrote Then whither he goes, thither let me go. NOTE 2. It is important to distinguish Noun-sentences, Adjectival sentences, and Adverbial sentences introduced by the same Relative Adverb; for example:NOUN. Go, call at Flavius' house, And tell him where I stay.-Meas. 4, 5, 6. ADJECTIVAL. He came not through the chamber where we stay'd. ADVERBIAL. H. 4. B.; 4, 5, 57. I would be brought, From limits far remote, where thou dost stay.—Sonn. 44, 3. 2. SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS INTRODUCING ADVERBIAL SENTENCES. 212. In Adverbial sentences introduced by Subordinate Conjunctions the Verb is sometimes in the Indicative Mood, and sometimes in the Subjunctive Mood. In many cases we can explain the reason for the use of a particular mood from the general principle that the Indicative is used in stating facts, and the Subjunctive in stating suppositions. Adverbial sentences are divided into seven kinds. (1.) FINAL SENTENCES. 213. Expressing purpose, and therefore requiring the Subjunctive, because the purpose with which an action is performed can only be stated as a supposition or conception of the person speaking. Such sentences are introduced by That, Lest, That not. The use of the simple Subjunctive is rare in modern English, but the Subjunctive tenses of the Verbs may, shall, and can are of common occurrence : Uncover not your heads, neither rend your clothes; lest ye die, and lest wrath come upon all the people. -Leviticus x. 6. He, that tells a long story, should take care that it be not made a long story by his manner of telling it.Cowper. Pray you, tread softly, that the blind mole may not Then go we near her, that her ear lose nothing Of the false sweet bait that we lay for it.-Ado, 3, 1, 32. Be wise as thou art cruel; do not press My tongue-tied patience with too much disdain ; Lest sorrow lend me words, and words express The manner of my pity-wanting pain.—Sonn. 140, 1. Superfluous branches We lop away, that bearing boughs may live. R. 2.; 3, 4, 63. O, that I were a glove upon that hand, That I might touch that cheek !—Rom. 2, 2, 24. NOTE. Very often the Prepositional Infinitive expresses a purpose : Trust not yourself, but your defects to know. On a sudden, before the break of day, the Senate was called together in the Temple of Concord, to meet the Guards, and to ratify the election of a new Emperor.-Gibbon. I walked about the shore almost all day, to find out a place to fix my habitation.-Defoe. I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts. O, father abbot, J. C. 3, 2, 220. An old man broken with the storms of state, Is come to lay his weary bones among ye; Give him a little earth for charity!—H. 8.; 4, 2, 20. CONSECUTIVE AND CAUSAL SENTENCES. 129 (2.) CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES. 214. Expressing the result of an action. They are introduced by That and So that. The Indicative follows, because the speaker states the result as a fact : O, she is fallen Into a pit of ink, that the wide sea Hath drops too few to wash her clean again. Ado, 4, 1, 141. He keepeth all his bones, so that not one of them is broken.-Ps. xxxiv. 20. Each your doing, So singular in each particular, Crowns what you are doing in the present deed, That thou shalt see the difference of our spirits, NOTE. The Prepositional Infinitive is used to express a result: He promised only to betray, he flattered only to ruin. Gibbon. I must be cruel, only to be kind.-Ham. 3, 4, 178. (3.) CAUSAL SENTENCES. 215. Expressing the cause or motive of an action or feeling. They are introduced by Because, Since, For, As, That. I |