fessions. No proof, however, is yet given of an intention to repair the other wrongs done to the United States; and, particularly, to restore the great amount of American property seized and condemned under edicts, which, though not affecting our neutral relations, and therefore, not entering into questions between the United States and other bellige rents, were nevertheless founded in such unjust principles, that the reparation ought to have been prompt and ample.

În addition to this and other demands of strict right on that nation, the United States have much reason to be dissatisfied with the rigorous and unexpected restrictions to which their trade with the French dominions has been subjected; and which, if not discontinued, will require at least corresponding restrictions on importations from France into the United States,

On all those subjects our minister plenipotentiary, lately sent to Paris, has carried with him the necessary in, structions; the result of which will be communicated to you; and by ascertaining the ulterior policy of the French government towards the United States, will enable you to adapt to it that of the United States towards France.

Our other foreign relations remain without unfavourable changes. With Russia, they are on the best footing of friendship. The ports of Sweden have afforded proofs of friendly dispositions towards our commerce in the councils of that nation also. And the informa tion from our special minister to Denmark, shews, that the mission had been attended with valuable effects to our citizens, whose property had been so extensively violated and endangered by cruisers under the Danish flag.

Under the ominous indications which commanded attention, it became a duty to exert the means committed to the executive department, in providing for

the general security. The works of defence on our maritime frontier have accordingly been prosecuted with an activity leaving little to be added for the completion of the most important ones; and, as particularly suited for co-operation in emergencies, a portion, of the gun-boats have, in particular harbours, been ordered into use. The ships of war before in commission, with the addition of a frigate, have been chiefly employed as a cruising guard to the rights of our coast; and such a disposition has been made of our land forces, as was thought to promise the services most appropriate and important: In this disposition is included a force, consisting of regulars and militia, embodied in the Indiana territory, and marched towards our north-western frontier. This measure was made requisite by several murders and depredations committed by Indians; but more especially by the menacing preparations and aspect of a combination of them on the Wabash, under the influence and direction of a fanatic of the Shawanese tribe. With these exceptions, the Indian tribes retain their peaceable dispositions towards us, and their usual pursuits.

I must now add, that the period is arrived, which claims from the legisla tive guardians of the national rights a system of more ample provisions for maintaining them.-Notwithstanding the scrupulous justice, the protracted moderation, and the multiplied efforts on the part of the United States, to substitute, for the accumulating dangers to the peace of the two countries, all the mutual advantages of re-esta blished friendship and confidence, we have seen that the British cabinet perseveres, not only in withholding a remedy for other wrongs, so long and so loudly calling for it, but in the execution brought home to the threshold of our territory, of measures which, under existing circumstances, have the cha

racter as well as the effect of war on our lawful commerce.

With this evidence of hostile inflexibility, in trampling on rights which no independent nation can relinquish, congress will feel the duty of putting the United States into an armour and an attitude demanded by the crisis, and corresponding with the national spirit and expectations,

I recommend, accordingly, that adequate provision be made for filling the ranks and prolonging the enlistments of the regular troops; for an auxiliary force, to be engaged for a more limited time; for the acceptance of volunteer corps, whose patriotic ardour may court a participation in urgent services; for detachments, as they may be wanted, of other portions of the mili. tia; and for such a preparation of the great body, as will proportion its usefulness to its intrinsic capacities. Nor can the occasion fail to remind you of the importance of those military seminaries, which, in every event, will form a valuable and frugal part of our military establishment.

The manufacture of cannon and small arms has proceeded with due success, and the stock and resources of all the necessary munitions are adequate to emergencies. It will not be inexpedient, however, for congress to authorize an enlargement of them.

Your attention will of course be drawn to such provisions, on the subject of our naval force, as may be required for the services to which it may be best adapted. I submit to congress the seasonableness, also, of an authori, ty to augment the stock of such mate rials as are imperishable in their nature, or may not at once be attainable.

In contemplating the scenes which distinguish this momentous epoch, and estimating their claims to our attention, it is impossible to overlook those developing themselves among the great communities which occupy the south

ern portion of our own hemisphere, and extend into our neighbourhood. An enlarged philanthropy, and an enlightened forecast, concur in imposing on the national councils an obligation to take a deep interest in their destinies; to cherish reciprocal senti. ments of good-will; to regard the progress of events; and not to be unpre pared for whatever order of things may be ultimately established.

Under another aspect of our situation, the early attention of congress will be due to the expediency of further guards against evasions and infractions of our commercial laws. The practice of smuggling, which is odious every where, and particularly criminal in free governments, where, the laws being made by all for the good of all, a fraud is committed on every individual as well as on the state, attains its utmost guilt, when it blends, with a pursuit of ignominious gain, a treacherous. subser viency, in the transgressors, to a foreign policy adverse to that of their own country. It is then that the virtuous indignation of the public should be enabled to manifest itself, through the regular animadversions of the most competent laws.

To secure greater respect to our mercantile flag, and to the honest interests which it covers, it is expedient, also, that it be made punishable in our citizens to accept licences from foreign governments, for a trade unlawfully interdicted by them to other American citizens; or to trade under false colours or papers of any sort.

A prohibition is equally called for against the acceptance, by our citizens, of special licences, to be used in a trade with the United States; and against the admission into particular ports the United States, of vessels from foreign countries, authorised to trade with particular ports only.

of

Although other subjects will press more immediately on your delibera

tions, a portion of them cannot but be well bestowed on the just and sound policy of securing to our manufactures the success they have attained, and are still attaining, in some degree, under the impulse of causes not permanent; and to our navigation, the fair extent of which is at present abridged, by the unequal regulations of foreign governments.

Besides the reasonableness of saving ourmanufacturers from sacrifices which a change of circumstances might bring on them, the national interest requires that, with respect to such articles, at least, as belong to our defence and our primary wants, we should not be left in unnecessary dependence on external supplies. And whilst foreign governments adhere to the existing dis criminations in their ports against our navigation, and an equality or lesser discrimination is enjoyed by their navigation in our ports, the effect cannot be mistaken, because it has been seriously felt by our shipping interests; and in proportion as this takes place, the advantages of an independent conveyance of our products to foreign markets, and of a growing body of mariners, trained by their occupations for the service of their country in times of danger, must be diminished.

The receipts into the treasury, during the year ending on the 30th of September last, have exceeded thirteen millions and a half of dollars; and have

enabled us to defray the current expences, including the interest on the public debt, and to reimburse more than five millions of dollars of the principal, without recurring to the loan authorised by the act of the last session. The temporary loan obtained in the latter end of the year 1810 has also been reimbursed, and is not included in that amount.

The decrease of revenue, arising from the situation of our commerce and the extraordinary expences which have and may become necessary, must be taken into view, in making commen surate provisions for the ensuing year. And I recommend to your consideration the propriety of ensuring a sufficiency of annual revenue, at least, to defray the ordinary expences of g -government, and to pay the interest on the public debt, including that on new loans which may be anthorised.

I cannot close this communication without expressing my deep sense of the crisis in which you are assembled, my confidence in a wise and honourable result to your deliberations, and assurances of the faithful zeal with which my cooperating duties will be discharged; invoking, at the same time, the blessing of heaven on our beloved country, and on all the means that may be employed in vindicating its rights and advancing its welfare.

(Signed) JAMES MADDISON. Washington, Nov. 5, 1811.

Mr William Clerk, Edinburgh, for a newly constructed grate for prevent ing smoke, and regulating heat.

Mr David Meade Randolph, Golden-square, London, for a method of manufacturing all kinds of boots, shoes, &c. by means of a substitute for thread made of hemp, flax, or other yarns.

Mr John Kent, Southampton, for a new method of moving all kinds of goods or materials to high buildings, or from deep places.

Mr Winsor, Pall Mall, London, for improvement upon his former oven stove for carbonizing all kinds of raw fuel, and for extracting the oil, acid, tar, gas, &c.

Mr Thomas Meade, Yorkshire, for methods of making circular or rotative steam-engines upon an entire new principle.

Mr Edward Shorter, Wapping, for an apparatus for working pumps. Mr Bryan Donkin, Bermondsey, for a pen of new construction.

Mr David Matthew, Rotherhithe, for an improved method of building locks, and for opening and shutting

the same.

Mr John White, Westminster, for the discovery of a certain substance which is capable of being converted into statues, artificial stone, meltingpots, bricks, tiles, and every description of pottery.

Mr Richard Wilson, Lambeth, for

sundry apparatus or machinery for the manufacture of felt or stuff hats.

Mr Bundy, Camden-Town, for a new method of heading pins.

James Frost and Son, Sutton-street, Clerkenwell, for an improvement on cocks, or an improved lock-cock.

Mr Richard Woodman, Hammersmith, for a method of manufacturing all kinds of boots, shoes, and other articles.

Mr Henry Stubbs, Piccadilly, for a new invented grand imperial Aulæum, from three to twenty feet wide, without seam, and to any length or colour, for decorating rooms, &c.

Mr John Isaac Hawkins, Great Titchfield-street, for a certain instrument applicable in mechanics as a balance or equipoise

Mr Thomas Pott, Hackney, for a new process of freeing tarred rope from tar, and of rendering it of use to the manufacturer.

Mr Johann George Deyerlein, Long. acre, for a machine, new principle, or method, of making bricks and tiles, and other kinds of pottery.

Mr Peter Stuart, Fleet-street, for a new method of engraving and printing maps, &c.

Mr John Lindsay, Grove-house, Middlesex, for a boat and various apparatus, whereby heavy burdens can be conveyed in shallow water.

Mr Winsor, Pall-mall, for a fixed telegraphic light-house, &c. for signals

and intelligence, to serve by night and by day.

Mr John Deakin, St John's-street, Middlesex, for improvements in the kitchen range.

Mr John Bradley, Old Swinford, Staffordshire, for a new method of making gun-skelps.

Sir Isaac Coffin, for a new invention of a perpetual oven for baking bread.

Mr Ralph Wedgewood, Oxfordstreet, for a new character for language, numbers, and music, and the method of applying the same.

Mr William Doughty, Birmingham, for a method of combining wheels for gaining mechanical powers.

Mr George Lowe, Cheapside, for British shirting cloth.

Mr Egerton Smith, Liverpool, for a binnacle and compass.

Mr James Bell, Whitechapel, for improvements in refining sugar, and in forming sugar-houses of a certain description.

Mr John Gregory, Islington, for a method of tunning and cleansing ales and beers into casks.

Mr Arthur Wolf, Lambeth, for improvements in the construction and working of steam-engines, calculated to lessen the consumption of fuel.

Mr Peter Durand, Hoxton-square, for a method of preserving animal and vegetable food, &c. a long time from perishing.

Mr John Cragg, Liverpool, for improvements in the casting of iron roofs for houses, &c.

Mr William Muller, London, for improvements in the construction of pumps.

Mrs Sarah Guppy, Bristol, for a mode of erecting and constructing bridges and rail-roads, without arches or starlings, by which the danger of being washed away by floods is avoided. Mr John Stancliffe, Tooke's-court,

VOL. IV. PART II.

for certain improvements in apparatus for the combination and condensation of gasses and vapours applicable to processes of distillation.

Mr Richard Jackson, Southwark, for an improved method of making the shanks of anchors and other large bodies of wrought iron.

Mr Samuel Hill, Serle-street, for a more effectual method of joining stone pipes.

Mr David Loeschman, Newmanstreet, for improvements in the musical scales of keyed instruments with fixed

tones.

Mr Joseph Dyer, Gray's-inn, for improvements in the construction and method of using plates and presses for copper-plate printing.

Mr Hall, Walthamstow, for a method of manufacturing from twigs or branches of broom, mallows, rushes, and other plants of like species, to serve instead of flax or hemp.

Mr Thomas Wade, Nelson-place, Surrey, for a method of imitating lapis lazuli, porphyry, jasper, &c.

Mr John Statter, Birmingham and Holborn, for a steam kitchen and roaster.

Mr Walter Rochfort, Bishopgatestreet, for an improved method of preparing coffee by compression.

Mr John Turmeau and Charles Seward, Cheapside, for a new lamp, called the Liverpool Lamp.

Mr Joseph Dyer, London, for a machine for cutting and removing all the kinds of furs used in hat-making from skins, and for cutting the skins into strips or small pieces.

Mr John Frazer, Sloane-street, for a discovery of certain vegetables, and a way of preparing them to be manufactured into hats, bonnets, chair-bottoms, baskets, &c.

Mr William Bundy, Camden-town, for an improvement on stringed instru ments.

Y