0: (as in move, marked thus, 6). Prove, mood, lose, rule, true, moon, swoon, moor. 0: (as in not, marked thus, ).- Got, mob, rob, sob, was, what, wash, bog, dog, log, dot. u: (as in tube, marked thus, u).- Tune, fuse, muse, cure, lure, sure, few, pew, duke, dupe. u: (as in tub, marked thus, u). Just, must, tun, fun, run, cub, mud, hug, bug, rug, come. u: (as in full, marked thus, ú).- Bush, push, pull, put, could, would, should, good. oi: (as in voice, marked thus, öi). — Boil, coil, foil, toil, coy, toy, broil, spoil, void, coin. ou: (as in sound, marked thus, öû). — Pound, loud, proud, brown, vow, down, noun, town. TABLE OF CONSONANT ELEMENTS. The following table is designed for an exercise upon the consonant elements.1 The words are placed opposite the letter merely to indicate its sound. 1 The sound of a consonant may be ascertained by pronouncing a word containing it in a slow, drawling manner. Take, for instance, the word at; notice the sound of t as it issues from the mouth, and then utter it by itself with suddenness and force. EXERCISES ON THE CONSONANT SOUNDS. In pronouncing the words in the following exercises, the utmost force and clearness of sound should be given to the consonant elements. The letters to which attention is to be directed are printed in Italics. b:- (vocal, as in bay).- Bad,2 bag, bat, beet, beg, bear, bought, beast, babe, ebb, tube, tub. ch: d: (aspirate, as in chest). — Chair, chat, charm, chalk, check, chine, chin, march, each. (vocal, as in date). - Deed, debt, mad, rid, rode, bade, would, should, could, aid, said, wed. f: (aspirate, as in fate).-Fame, feud, life, rife, wife, fade, feed, feel, fair, file, found. 1 VOCAL, pertaining to the voice. A vocal consonant is distinguished from the aspirate in its enunciation by a murmuring sound of the voice. There are two kinds of murmur observable in the vocal consonants: the one is called guttural, being confined to the throat; and the other head, because, by the opening of the nasal passages, it ascends into the cavities of the skull. 2 The common defect in the articulation of b is a want of force in the compression and opening of the lips. g: (vocal, as in gate).· Game, bag, gag, guard, go, gone, bog, jug, egg, give, gay, gave, gain, gun, gum, gull. h: (aspirate, as in hall). — Hay, hat, hate, hall, high, hair, huge, when,' what, bake-house.2 j: (vocal, as in jest). - Jam, jar, jet, jeer, jilt, jolt, just, joy, age, liege, siege, cage. k: 1: (aspirate, as in key).—Can, coil, come, care, cake, make, bake, rake, sake, take. (vocal, as in lull). — Bell, pale, oil, bale, lay, lee, lo, loll, hull, mill, fill, till, will. m: (vocal, as in may). — Man, morn, move, mound, home, dome, came, come, drum. n: (vocal, as in noon). — Nine, nay, net, nice, note, not, new, can, ken, keen, line. ng: 3-(vocal, as in song).- King, fang, ring, fling, sing, bring, wing, sting, rung, flung. p: - (aspirate, as in pay).- Peer, pin, pool, pound, pile, pine, pint, step, steep, sleep, sip. r:5 (vocal, initial, or before a vowel, as in roll). 1 WH, in commencing words, is uttered thus: hw, or hoo. In who and its compounds the w is silent. 2 The letter h in compound words is often omitted or slurred in the pronunciation; as, bakouse for bakehouse, falsood for falsehood, &c. 3 The sound of ng, when at the end of a word or syllable, is not the natural sound of the combination n and g, each letter retaining its natural character and sound, but a simple, single sound, for which the combination ng is a conventional mode of expression. .4 ASPIRATE, pronounced with a full emission of breath. 5 The letter r, used as an initial, or before a vowel, is articulated by a forcible trill of the tongue against the upper gum. This sound should never be prolonged. It is sometimes mispronounced thus: urray, urrough. r:1 S: sh: t: Ray, rough, raw, read, rat, root, rust, rot, rest, room, ride, round, rate. (final, or before a consonant, as in air). – Far, are, our, ear, fear, gore, more, wore, store. (aspirate, as in say). Sin, sign, suit, gas, mass, dose, source, worse. :- (aspirate, as in shame).—Shade, shall, shine, shawl, gash, rash, sash, dish, wish. (aspirate, as in tin). - Tell, time, tune, toil, met, wet, get, set, out, foot root, but. th:-(aspirate, as in thin).-Thank, thick, thought, bath, path, lath, oath, mouth, month, faith. th: (vocal, as in that). This, thus, there, those, then, thee, these, thine, though, with, tithe. v:- (vocal, as in vane). Veer, vine, vote, pave, rave, wave, wove, rove, move, hive, live. W: w: (as in war).-Waft, wall, woe, one, once, woo, wain, wine, wood, will, well, we. y: (as in ye). -Year, young, yawn, yolk, yield, yon, use, you, your, yes, yea. z:-(vocal, as in zeal).-As, is, has, was, seas, maze, prize, flies, ways, pays, praise. Z: (vocal, as in azure). — Leisure, seisure. 1 When the r is final, or is placed before a consonant, the vibration or trill should be very slight. It will be perceived that this letter has a peculiar influence on both the long and the short sound of the vowel which precedes it in a monosyllable or in an accented syllable, unless the succeeding syllable begins with the sound of r, or a vowel sound, as, care, fair, pair, mercy, merchant, hurdle, &c. When the succeeding syllable begins with a vowel sound, or with r, the sound of the preceding vowel is not modified, as, merit, merry, hurry, &c. |