Magi, by Albert Dürer; Portrait of St. Ignatius surrounded by a garland of flowers, by Seghers and Schut. Some of the wall paintings are by De Keyser. The Chair of Rubens is likewise preserved here, and in an adjoining apartment is a fine collection of casts. In the garden of the Museum are several busts, and a bronze statue of Mary of Burgundy ornaments her tomb. She was drowned in attempting to save the life of her dog, whose image likewise forms part of the monument. Open 10 to 4, Sundays and Tuesdays free; other days, 1 franc. Catalogue 4 francs, a shorter one, 1 franc. Attached to the Museum is a Gallery of Modern Paintings.

The Académie des Beaux Arts, for paintings, sculpture, architecture, and engraving, which was originally founded in 1454, and was taken under the immediate patronage of royalty in 1817. A society for the encouragement of the fine arts has long been established, which distributes prizes every third year to artists of merit; the allotting of the prizes is preceded by an exhibition, to which none but the works of living and native artists are admitted. Oudheden Museum (antiquities) of old furniture, arms, pictures, &c., at the Steen, a remnant of the old castle, near Fishmarket.

There are several private Collections, which are shown to travellers with great readiness; the most remarkable is that of M. Van Lancker, in the Place de Mer, which is rich in most carefully selected specimens of the best masters. There is also a Museum of Natural History in the Rue du Convent, which is worthy of attention.

The Citadel (which has been pulled down and replaced by strong lines of modern fortification, surrounding the town), was originally built in 1568, by Pacciotto and Cerbelloni, under the direction of the Duke of Alva; it was of immense strength in the form of a pentagon, with six bastions, which command each other, and are defended by deep and broad trenches. This fortress formerly contained the Bagne, or place of detention for criminals condemned to hard labour. It contained 15 wells, and a handsome Church, in which protestant service is now performed. When Carnot was governor of Antwerp, under Napoleon, he spared no pains to strengthen these fortifications, and succeeded, as he thought, in rendering them impregnable, but they opposed a very ineffectual resistance to the

progress of the English arms in 1814, when the town was taken, after a bombardment which nearly destroyed the whole of the docks.

But the event which gave the old citadel of Antwerp its great interest in modern times, was its siege and surrender to the arms of France at the close of 1832. From the period of the revolution, which divided Belgium from Holland in 1830, the Dutch had retained possession of the citadel, which commands not only the navigation of the Scheldt, but holds the entire city of Antwerp at its mercy. The forts below the town were also in the hands of the Dutch, under General Chassé; so that the late monarch had the control of the commerce of Antwerp as effectually as at any period during his reign. To put an end to the incongruous state of things, after upwards of two years spent by Great Britain and France in fruitless endeavours to effect a pacification between the parties, these two powers resolved upon employing force to compel the King of Holland to relinquish a position which gave him so decided an advantage, and which also kept both countries in a state of agitation and warlike preparation, the evils of which were not very inferior to those of war itself. A combined English and French squadron was therefore despatched to blockade the mouth of the Scheldt by sea, while an imposing French force, under Marshal Gerard, proceeded to lay siege to the citadel and the adjacent forts by land.

The French army was much larger than was deemed necessary for the mere reduction of the fortress, but the Prussians had established a large corps of observation on the right of the Meuse, and the King of Holland, on his side, had levied a powerful force, which was kept ready for action within a few leagues from Antwerp; consequently in order to be ready for every contingency, the army under Marshal Gerard was such as to ensure its success; it consisted of nearly 50,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and a tremendous train of artillery. The siege of 1832 commenced on the 29th November, and terminated on the 23rd of January, 1833, in the surrender of the garrison. The French, under Marshal Gerard, amounted to 66,000 men. The late Duke of Orleans commanded the troops in the trenches. The best proof that could be given of the determination and bravery with which General Chassé and his 4,500 men had

defended the trust confided to him, was found in the state of the fortress when entered by the victors; all the places which had been built and considered bomb-proof were discovered to be in a state of utter devastation; and even the hospital which contained the sick and wounded, and amputated soldiers, and which was so placed as to be, at least comparatively secure, was found to have been so injured as to threaten momentarily to fall upon the heads of the inmates; the loss of the besieged was stated at 90 killed, 349 wounded, and 67 missing; that of the French, 108 killed and 687 wounded. The order of the day of the French Marshal stated that 14,000 metres (beween eight and nine miles) of trenches had been opened during the siege, and 63,000 cannon balls fired at the citadel.

The Park, on the site of an old fortification, contains a statue of Quentyn Matsys, and the Loos Monument, a statue of Antwerp, with allegorical figures.

The Hotel de Ville is situated in the principal market-place, in which the markets are held every Wednesday and Friday. It was built 1581, and enlarged in 1713, by pulling down twenty-nine houses. It has a carved front of 250 feet, and is adorned with statues of the Virgin, Justice, and Prudence, with their attributes. In this building is an extensive collection of ancient and modern Pictures. Admission, 1 franc, before 9 a.m, or after 4 p.m.

The Bourse, which was burnt down 1858, was principally remarkable as having been the model from which Sir Thomas Gresham formed his design for the Royal Exchange of London; it was finally completed in 1584. It was 180 feet long by 140 feet wide. The handsome new Exchange is by Schadde. It is larger than the old one, but in the same style. The form of the City of Antwerp resembles a strung bow, the string being represented by the Scheldt; it contains fine broad avenues and public squares, of which the most beautiful is the Place de Meir, in which is the Royal Palace purchased by Napoleon and furnished by him for his own residence. It contains a few fine paintings. In the Place Verte, a square handsomely planted with trees, are held on the 17th of May, and on the 16th of August, fairs which last 30 days, for merchandise of all kinds; here also is the handsome

building inhabited by Carnot, while governor of Antwerp.

In a small court out of Place Vendredi, is an old House, the front of which is embellished with a figure of Hercules accompanied by a woman, bearing the inscription "Labore et Constantia." It was from 1565 the printing office of Christopher Plantin (printer to Philip II.) and his successor, Moretus. The house, with its treasures, was sold by its last owner to the city. and now forms the Musée Plantin, containing the old furniture, 14,000 letters of scholars, some of their portraits, with the Polyglot printed by Philip II. Open 10 to 4, Saturdays excepted, 1 franc. In Rue Leys (formerly Rue de la Station) is the handsome House of the late Baron Leys (born here 1814), containing his frescoes and other works. Some of his productions are in the Town Hall. The House of Rubens still exists, in a street which now bears the name of the great painter. His country house was at Steen. His tercentenary was kept 1877, when his bust was placed in the City Museum. He executed 2,700 works (700 being drawings and sketches), of which 300 are lost.

The town also contains several Theatres, the new Flemish one being remarkably fine, a new National Bank, Palais de Justice, an Athenæum, a Botanic Garden, a Foundling Hospital, and one of the best Zoological Gardens in Europe. The numerous associations called "harmonies," will afford great pleasure to the lover of music. There are public Baths in the Place Verte and in the Esplanade.

Antwerp is the birth-place of Crayer, Rubens, Van Dyck, Jordaens, the two Teniers, and Ommegank, all painters of the first class; Edelink, the engraver; Ortelius, the geographer; Grammage, Butkers, Sanderus, and Vammeteren, historians; Moretus, the printer; and Stockmans, whose legal decisions are of the greatest authority in the Belgic courts. The Park is situated just outside the gate leading to Brussels. About 8 miles south-west is Rupelmonde, with its statue to the inventor of Mercator's map. On the line to Maastricht is Lier or Lierre (Station), 9 miles; with silk factories, and good pictures by Rubens and Memling at St. Gomer's old church. Hotel d'Anvers.

The Antwerp and Gla &c.), via Herenthals : Vlodrop, Rheydt, and

The line to Aix-la-Cha and 68), Hasselt, and Mac generally preferred for C

Antwerp to Brus Between Antwerp and cultivated, and there a looking châteaux on b

Route 11.

Malines, or Mechlin

see Route 1).

ROU

Bruges to

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Lichtervelde (Stati to Dixmuiden and Dunk

Roulers (Station). A situated on the Mander, a The church of St. Micha side of the market-place, beautiful spire, and the situated in the market-pl Iseghem (Station), the railway crosses the I Courtrai.-See Route FROM BRUGES TO Cot respond with the gove Ostend, Ghent, Brussels for Ostend, Ghent, Bri and Tournay, are deliv

out, Roulers, Iseghem, and Courtrai; and in the great stations tickets are delivered for Bruges, Thourout, Lichtervelde, Iseghem, Courtrai.