RÍGR: dt. etym. F. Mag. makes it syn. with the N. Regin; L. Rex; Sk. Raja, Rajah, a king.

RINDA, prop. RINDUR, sig. symbolically, according to Grimm, the crust of the earth, being cog. with the Anc. G. rinta; G. rinde; A. S. and E. rind, cortex, the bark or crust of a tree.

RÖSKA, ph. from adj. röskr, f. rausk, quick, lively, active; cog. with Sw. and D. rask; G. rasch; E. rash. SAÐR, SATHR, or SÁÐR, SÁTHR. sannr, which means just, true; Sw. sann; D. sand; só; E. sooth; A. S. sóolice, in sooth, verily. derivation would be from sád; D. sæd; G. saat; hence Sádr would correspond to the L. Sator; and F. Mag. conjectures may be cog. with Saturnus.

Without the accent it is syn. with
M. G. sunjeins; A. S.
With the accent its
A. S. sed; E. seed:

SEGR, ph. syn. with sárr, a large vessel of any kind. The word was used by the Skalds metaphorically for the sea.

SÆHRÍMNIR, or SERIMNIR: very dt. etym.

SÆKINN, ph. from v. sækja; Sw. söka; D. söge; M. G. sokjan; G. suchen; A. S. sécan; E. to seek.

SAGA. The personified saga or narration, from the v. segja, imp. sagda, to say cog. words are found in most of the Ind. E. lang., as M. G. sagath; G. sage; E. a saying; L. Saga, a sorceress; sagax, sagacious; præsagire, to foretel; P. sachen, &c.

SANNGETALL, inquiring after; lit. getting at, or guessing at truth: from sub. sannr, truth (see Sadr, under which the words cog. with the adj. sannr, true, are given), and v. geta, which sig. both to guess and

to get.

SESSRÚMNIR, lit. Seat-roomy, i. e. having room for plenty of seats: sess, a seat; G. sitze: rúm; G. raum; A. S. rúm; E. room.

SÍÐ, declining, hanging, tending downward.

SIÐHÖTTR, lít. Hanging-hat or hood. N. höttr; I. hattr; Sw. hatt; D. hat; G. hut; A. S. hæt; E. hat and hood.

SÍÐSKÉGGR, lit. Hanging-beard: skégg; Sw. skägg; D. skjæg, beard, cog. with E. shag and shaggy.

SIF. Grimm supposes that from the M. G. sibja; Anc. G. sippia; A. S. sib; signifying peace, friendship, relationship, these nations had respectively a goddess, Sibja, Sippia, and Sib, corresponding to the N. Sif, gen. Sifjar. SIGFAÐIR, or SIGFÖÐUR, the Father of Victory: sigr; Sw. seger; D. sejer; Al. sigor; G. sieg; A. S. sige, victory; Sk. sigi, a victor: faðir; D. fader; G. vater; A. S. fæder; E. father; Sk. pider; Gr. and L. pater.

SIGUNA, prop. SIGYN: very dt. etym.*

*The etym. must in fact be more than doubtful, when Finn Magnusen, who is never at a loss to catch up a word as he flies on his favourite hobby in search of etymological spoil from Scandinavia to India, is obliged to admit

SILFRINTOPPR, Silver-mane: silfr; Sw. silfvor; D. sölv; M. G. silubr; G. silber; 4. S. sylfor; E. silver: toppr, see Gulltoppr.

SINDRI, either scintillating or producing dross: from sindr; Sw. sinder; D. sinner; G. sinter, dross of iron; cog. with A. S. sinder; E. cinder. SJÖFNA, prop. SJÖFN: very dt. etym. F. Mag. derives it from the v. sjá, to see.

SKADI, prop. SKAÐI: dt. etym. It would appear that the magpie received its name from this goddess as it is called in N. skaði; Sw. skata; D. skade. The N. v. skaða; D. skade; G. schaden, sig. to injure, and is cog. with the E. word scath.

SKAFIÐR, shaving, scraping: from the v. skafa; D. skave; G. schaben; A. S. scafen; E. to shave.

SKEGGÖLD, lit. Old-beard; see Sidskégg: but it appears that skégg also denoted a particular kind of battle-axe.

SKEIÐBRÍMIR may mean rapidly running fire, from skeið, a course, any space of time that is elapsing; and brími, fire, flame.

SKÍÐBLAÐNIR, from skíð, which sig. 1st, a chip, lath, shingle, billet of wood, and in this sense is cog. with G. scheit; L. schidium; Gr. exıdağ; and 2nd, a sheath; cog. with D. skede; G. scheide; A. S. sceath; E. sheath: blað; G. blatt, a leaf; cog. with E. blade, a blade or leaf of grass.

SKILFÍNGR, prob. from v. skélfa, to shake, to shatter.

SKINFAXI, Shining-mane: skin, splendour, light; from v. skina; D. skinne; G. scheinen; A. S. scinan; E. to shine; whence sheen. See Hrimfaxi.

SKÍRNIR. "Vox skírnir ætherem ipsum sine ullâ allegoria denotat," says F. Mag. Be this as it may, the word may be derived from skírr, serene, pure, clear; cog. with A. S. scir; E. sheer, which had formerly the same meaning.

SKÖGUL, prob. from v. skaga, to jut out; whence skagi, a promontory. SKÖLL, ph. from v. skolla, to stick to, to adhere; or v. skélla, to strike, to

smite.

SKULD. See Urd.

SLEIPNIR: dt. etym. F. Mag. derives it from sleipr, cog. with, and the same sig. as the Sw. slipprig; D. slibrig; G. schlüpfrig; E. slippery. SLIDRUGTANNI: tanni, from tönn; D. tand; G. zahne; E. tooth: slidrig of dt. etym., ph. from a word cog. with M. G. sleidja, cruel, fierce,

savage.

that "Etyma nominis hujus incerta sunt et id igitur variis modis, quæ meras tantum conjecturas admittunt, explicari potest."-Mythol. p. 695.

*The reader will find some curious details of popular superstitions respecting magpies, cuckoos, &c., in Grimm's Deut. Mythol. p. 639, et

seq.

SNOTRA, from snotr; M. G. snutrs; A. S. snoter, prudent, polite, neat, tidy. Grimm says prop. emunctæ naris; hence it would be equivalent to the vulgar E. cog. word snot; A. S. snote, which is cog. with the N. v. snýta; G. schnäutzen; A. S. snytan; E. to snite, i. e. to blow the nose; a person, even a goddess, being much more tidy when the nostrils are thoroughly emunctated. A number of verbs beginning with sn denote a nasal function, or are in some way indicative of the nose, as to snuff, sneeze, snore, snarl, snuffle, snaffle, snivel, snub, sneer, &c.: to snuff is cog. with the N. v. snáfa; D. snue; G. schnupfen: to snore, with the N. snörla and snarka; D. snorke; G. schnarchen: to snub with the N. snubba. SÖKKVABEKKR, lit. Sinking-brook: sökkva, from the v. n. sökkva; Sw. sjunka; D. synke; M. G. siggvan; G. sinken; A. S. sincan; E. to sink: and v. a. sökkva; Sw. sänka; D. sænke; G. senken; A. S. sencan; E. to sink: bekkr, an estuary, a shore, a brook; Su. bäck; D. bæk; G. bach. The Scandinavian origin of several names of places in Normandy is attested by the termination bec, as Caudebec, Beaubec, Robec, formerly Rodebec (N. Rauðbekkr, i. e. Redbrook), Briquebec, &c.

SÓL was the personified sunna (sun). There seems to have been a similar relation between the M. G. sáuil and sunnó.

SÓN, very dt. etym. Grimm remarks that it has a radical affinity with the Anc. G. suona, emendatio. F. Mag., who never hesitates to make a word tally with a favourite theory, explains it to mean sound, song, sonus,

cantus.

SURTUR, prop. SURTR, gen. SURTAR. Grimm is decidedly of opinion that surtr is, if not exactly correlative, at least radically cog. with svartr; Sw. svart; D. sort; M. G. svarts; G. schwartz; E. swart, swarth*. SUTTUNGR, may prob. be a corruption of súptúngr, sipping-tongue, from v. súpa; Sw. supa; D. suppe, sibe; G. saufen; A. S. supan; E. to sup, and to sip: túnga; D. tunge; G. zunge; A. S. tunge; E. tongue.

SVAÐILFARI: svaðil, ph. from svaði, lubricity, also slippery ice: fari, from the v. fara. See Naglfar.

SVAFNIR, prob. from v. svefa, to cast asleep; whence sub. svefn, svafn, sleep, quiet, repose; cog. with D. sövn; with obs. L. sopnus, and prob. with Sk. svapal.

* Finn Magnusen also admits this derivation, but as it clashes with his favourite theory, (see page 484,) he does not hesitate to explain swart to mean obscure; obscure, invisible; and invisible, unintelligible!! and thus, malgré his swarthiness, Surtur remains, according to Finn Magnusen's notions, the invisible, unintelligible being whom the ancient Scandinavians regarded as the great First Cause least understood" of all things.

66

SVALINN, the Refrigerating svalr, frigid; from the v. svala; D. svale, të cool, to refrigerate.

SVARTÁLFAHEIMR, lit. Black or Swart Elves' home, i. e. the region of the Elves of Darkness in contradistinction to that of the Elves of Light.

SVARTHÖFÐI, Black-head: svartr, black, swart: höfuð; Sw. hufvud; D. hoved; M. G. haubith; G. haupt; A. S. heafod; E. head.

SVÁSUTHR, or SVÁSUÐR, Sweet-south: svá, from svás, blithe, jocund, dear; M. G. svés; G. süss; A. S. swas (dear); E. sweet: suðr, suthr, south.

SVAUL, from svalr. See Svalinn.

SVIÐR and SVIÐRIR, from v. sviða, to scorch; or from sviðr, svithr, wise, powerful. See Fjölsvidr.

SVIPALL, prob. from v. svipa, to hasten, to vibrate; cog. with v. svifa; D. svæve; G. schweben, to wave, to hover; also with E. v. to sweep. SVÖL, from svalr. See Svalinn.

SYLGR. As both the N. sub. sylgr and svelgr sig. a draught or deglutition, this word is prob. derived from v. svelgja; Sr. svälja; D. svælge; A. S. swolgen; E. to swallow, to swill; cog. with G. schwelgen, to guzzle, to feast.

SYN. The E. E. derive this from v. synja, to deny; but Grimm remarks that in M. G. a fine distinction was drawn between sunja, truth, and sunjó, defence, or proof of truth, probatio veritatis. This is also the case in N. sannr, signifying equity; syn. defence, excuse, negation, impediment, which has been personified into a judicial goddess, Syn.

SÝNIR, having a fine appearance; being prob. from sýn; D. syn; G. gesicht; E. sight; N. v. sjá; D. see; M. G. saihvan; G. sehen; A. S. seón ; E. to see.

TANNGNIÓSTR, Gnashing-teeth: tann, from tönn, see Slidrugtanni: gnióstr, from v. gnísta, to bruise, crack, grind, gnash.

TANNGRISNIR, from tönn, see Slidrugtanni; and grisinn, rare, or at intervals.

THEKKR, prob. from the v. thekkja, to know; cog. with v. thenkja; D. tænke; G. denken; A. S. thencan; E. to think. The adj. thekkr means also amiable.

THJÓÐNUMA, from thjóð, pl. thjóðir, men, people, nations; M. G. thjuda; A. S. theód: and v. nema, to take; cog. with G. nehmen; A. S.

numen.

THOR, prop. THÓRR: dt. etym., though Grimm thinks that it is a contraction of Thonar, a word which, as indicating a God who, like Thor, presided over thunder and atmospherical phenomena, would correspond to a M. G. Thunrs; Old Sr. Thunar; A. S. Thunor. See Thundr. Thór enters into the composition of a great number of Scandinavian proper names, both male and female, as Thórvaldr, Thór

finnr, Thórsteinn, Thórgerð (Thorgerda), Thóra, Thórdís (Thordisa), &c. *

THORINN, from thor, audacity; whence the v. thora; Sw. töras (torde); D. turde (tör); M. G. dauran; G. dürfen (darf); A. S. durron; E. to dare.

THRÁINN, the Pertinacious; from the v. thrá, to desire vehemently.
THRIDI, prop. THRIÐI, The Third.

THRÓR, ph. from v. thróa, to increase, to amplify.

THRÚÐGELMIR. See Thrúður and Aurgelmir.

THRÚÐUR. Thrúðr is an obsolete N. word signifying fortitude, firmness; but it appears to have originally had, in most of the Teutonic languages, the sig. of maiden, virgin; and hence enters into the composition of proper names, as Himildrúd, Mimidrúd, Gérdrúd (Gertrude), and was afterwards used in the sense of witch, sorceress; as in D. Drude, Drut; G. Trude, Drude.

THRÚÐVÁNGR, the Abode or Region of Fortitude. See Thrúður and Fólkvángr.

THRYM, very dt. etym. F. Mag., who delights in conjectural etym., says the word is undoubtedly derived from thruma, thunder. THRYMHEIMR. See Thrym and Gladsheimr.

THULR. See Fimbulthul.

THUNDR, can be derived from thund, a breastplate, a coat of mail; or from the v. thenja, to spread out, cog. with G. dehnen; or from the obs. v. thynja; A. S. thunian, thundian; E. to thunder; whence the I. duna; Sw. tordön; D. torden; G. donner; A. S. thuner; E. thunder. THYN, ph. from the obs. v. thynja, more recent dynja, to thunder, to make a thundering noise, as a rapid current does. The E. word din is cog. with this v., and ph. also the names of several rivers, as the Tyne in England, the Dvina in Russia, &c.

TYR, prop. TÝR. Grimm has satisfactorily shown that the Sk. Djaus, gen. Divas; Gr. Zɛús, gen. Aós; M. G. Tius, gen. Tivis; N. Týr, gen. Týs; are cog. words signifying God; as well as the L. Jupiter, for which he assumes a nom. Ju or Jus, Jupiter-Jus pater.

ULLUR, or ULLR. F. Mag. thinks this word may be derived from ull; D. uld; G. wolle; A. S. wull; E. wool.

URD, VERDANDI, and SKULD, prop. URÐR (Urður), VERÐANDI, and SKULD; the Present, Past, and Future. The names of the Des

*Not wishing to depart too much from established usage, and an accented vowel being, moreover, the bête noire of English printers, we did not venture to accent the o in these proper names which occur so frequently in our Supplementary Chapters. We must remind the reader, however, that the o in such words should be pronounced long, like o in more.