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Review.-Pinnock's Geography.—Brief Survey of Books.

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seems too poor to express the hallowed | is elegantly put out of hand, contains ardour of the spirit. several useful maps, and many neatly executed wood-cuts. To the literature of our schools it will prove a valuable acquisition.

On "The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper," Mr. Law's views are somewhat peculiar, but all his arguments tend to prove, that the outward rite is nothing without the indwelling power, that the elements are only figurative and symbolical, and that no other sense of their import can be inferred from any expression in the sacred oracles. The writings of the Rev. William Law will never cease to have admirers, in what form soever they appear.

REVIEW.-Pinnock's Catechism of the
Geography of the British Empire, in
Question and Answer. 12mo. pp. 398.
Whittaker. London. 1830.

No man ought to travel into foreign parts
until he had made himself acquainted
with every thing remarkable in his own
country. England, Scotland, Ireland, and
Wales, furnish great variety to the na.
turalist, the geographer, the politician, and
the moral philosopher. The productions,
the boundaries, the government, the institu-
tions of this important portion of the globe,
derive from its high commercial character
a degree of interest which its contracted
limits could not otherwise command; and
every native, ignorant of the general outline
of its arts, sciences, and trade, may be
justly charged with a culpable deficiency
in useful knowledge.

Mr. Pinnock, after giving a general description of the climate, soil, and principal productions of the island at large, descends to the examination of each county, and points out the leading peculiarities for which it is distinguished. Some few of these statements are rather antiquated in point of fact, the changes introduced, in modern years, having imparted to several towns and districts an altered character, and another aspect. But, due allowance being made for these variations, his book is calculated to convey to the youthful mind a large and diversified assortment of valua- | ble information. The questions proposed are adapted to elicit answers from the pupil, which nothing but previous reading and attention can furnish, but with a moderate share of diligence this knowledge may be easily acquired.

From the islands which give to our empire the appellation of "The United Kingdom," Mr. Pinnock conducts us to its foreign possessions in various parts of the world, pursuing the same method, in the same successful manner. His book, which

REVIEW.-Robert Montgomery and his Reviewers, &c. By Edward Clarkson. 12mo. pp. 164. Ridgway. London.

1830.

THIS publication is intended to disprove the censures which certain critics have dared to bestow on the author of the

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Omnipresence of the Deity." The simple fact, that this poem has passed through ten editions, in a comparatively short time, is, we think, a sufficient proof of its merit, and furnishes an obvious reason why both should be exposed to formidable attacks. Puffery alone could not have sold these successive impressions; though we allow it might have given an impulse to the sale, before the innate worth of the poem was discovered.

Mr. Montgomery, it appears, is viewed as a rhyming blockhead," by one party, and "a faultless monster," by another. Truth lies between these wide extremes; but the youthful poet has little to fear from the voice of calumny, or the shafts of detraction. In Mr. Clarkson he has found a warm and an able friend, who as readily and fearlessly places the elevated flights of his muse in an auspicious light, as others, envious of his fame, have been to search for defects, and blacken them with defamation.

BRIEF SURVEY OF BOOKS.

1. Counsels to Servants, &c., by John Morison, (Westley, London,) contains extracts from a larger work of this author, which we reviewed in our Number for July. In that larger work, advice to servants formed but a portion of the whole, but the counsels then given, being intrinsically excellent, are worthy of the transplantation they have now received. The appendix contains extracts from accredited writers, whose judgments and reasonings are entitled to much attention. This little book, which enters fully into the domestic circle, is both neat and valuable.

2. Agatha and Eveline, or Traits of Character, designed for the Instruction of Young Ladies, by Eliza Vincent Stinton, (Whittaker, London,) is a neat little tale, pretty much loaded with words,

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adorned with sentimental trifles. Its moral character is highly respectable, and to many youthful readers it will furnish a few hours of innocent amusement.

3. The Principles and Rules of English Grammar, Abridged and Versified, &c., by R. Tobitt, (Bennett, London,) will amuse children by the jingle at the end of the lines, which may, perhaps, impress the import of what they read more deeply on the memory. Grammar is at all times a bad subject for poetry. The muse can never soar gracefully with such heavy fetters on her legs. We do not imagine that Mr. Tobitt has been successful in every line, but we really admire that he has been fortunate in so many. A rhyming grammar is always more intelligible to a person already acquainted with its principles, than to persons who read to acquire a knowledge of its simple elements.

4. Early Piety rewarded, a Discourse on the Death of a Sunday Scholar, by the Rev. Joshua Fielden, (Stephens, London,) contains plain truths delivered in a familiar strain, and with a degree of fervour suited to the solemnity of the occasion.

5. Letters to the Committee of the Reformation Society, &c., (Nisbet, London,) have a controversial aspect, and a controversial spirit. The author supposes that the society attaches itself too closely to the Church of England, making its articles rather than the Bible the standard of its principles. This charge is not altogether unfounded, and it would be well if the committee were to take the hints which these letters contain.

6. Address of Earl Stanhope, President of the Medico-Botanical Society, for the Anniversary Meeting, 1830, (Wilson, London,) is at once copious and appropriate. It shows that this department of science excites considerable interest both at home and abroad, and that of late it has been cultivated with great success;that many beneficial effects have already resulted from its discoveries, and that, from the ardour with which its investigations have been pursued, more important advantages may be still expected.

7. A Letter to the Moderator of the Presbytery of London, concerning_the Sinless Humanity of Christ, by the Rev. James Millar, (Stewart, London,) is a sensible, well-written article. It gives, within a narrow compass, the early opinions of the churches on this important subject, and also adverts to the wild and romantic notions which many heretics entertained. The dreams of Mr. Irving seem to have given this pamphlet birth. It clearly

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establishes the fact, that Christ lived and died without sin, but whether he was so far impeccable as to be incapable of sinning, is a question left undecided.

8. A Sketch of the History of the Indian Press, during the last Ten Years, with a Biographical Account of Mr. James Silk Buckingham, by Sandford Arnot, (Low, London,) is intended to place Mr. Buckingham's complaints and claims in a more than questionable light. A general opinion has long prevailed, that Mr. Buckingham, while in India, was a deeply injured man. This pamphlet is intended to remove that impression from the public mind, and establish the reverse. With the general question much local feeling is evidently blended, which can be interesting only to the parties concerned. It must, however, be admitted, that Mr. Arnot has brought forward many formidable documents, which Mr. Buckingham is bound to notice, or to sink beneath their weight.

9. Tracts of Years, or the Several Seasons, a Poem, (Bennett, London,) unite some strong thoughts and commanding ideas with very bad poetry. If the author had made prose his vehicle instead of verse, he would have produced a respectable little volume. As matters now stand, his broken-winged muse is an encumbrance, distorting the features of what it is unable to render buoyant by its vigour.

10. Thoughts on Education, an Address delivered to the Friends of Llandaff-House Academy, Cambridge, (Simpkin, London,) at the end of a short preface, bears the name of W. Johnson, who keeps an academy in Regent-street. In this address the author analyzes the various branches of education, weighs their comparative merits, and, with a comprehensive glance, ranges through the whole routine of school-exercises, duties, and discipline. His observations appear judicious and appropriate; and although nothing essentially new may be exhibited to the reader's notice in the materials, the arrangement and consecutive order in which they are here displayed, have a strong claim to his attention and regard.

11. Alfred the Great, a Drama, in Five Acts, (Longman, London,) although it does not make him Alfred the Little, adds nothing to his stature. The plot, though somewhat obscure, has few incidents, and those which appear are not sufficiently striking to excite any fervid emotions. Happily, the name of Alfred is a strong citadel, and from this it may derive patronage and support.

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"Leave whims and visions to the madman's head."

The narrative is followed out to a decent conclusion. The versification is respectable, and fancy balances her; wings in a region of creditable elevation.

12. The Female Missionary Advocate, | very questionable character, directing him a Poem, by Mrs. Maddocks, (Holdsworth, London,) contains some very respectable poetry, on an interesting subject. author, it appears, is a poor woman, but this can only be viewed in a pecuniary sense, for she is rich in intellect, and her poem evinces a more than common share of poetical vigour. We cannot better express our opinion, than by quoting from the preface the following passage, written by a person whose name does not appear. "For originality of conception, piety of spirit, and smoothness of diction, this production is entitled to rank high, even in this day of gifted poets. Its tendency is of the most useful character; and the friends of missions will be wanting equally to themselves and their cause, if they do not give it the most extensive circulation."

13. The Voice of Humanity for the Communication and Discussion of Subjects relative to the conduct of Man towards the inferior Animal Creation, (Nisbet, London,) is the first number of a periodical to be published quarterly, on this brutal subject. Independently of the reasonings which this number contains, the instances of inhumanity which it adduces from various places are sufficiently horrible to disgrace the character of a tiger. It excites intense interest, and promises to be a powerful advocate in the cause of humanity. It appears to be in able hands, and we wish it the extensive circulation it deserves.

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14. Miscellaneous Pieces in Verse, Moral and Religious, by Richard Manley, Southmolton, Devon, have more merit than pretensions. The author tells us, in his preface, that he is and uneducated, but he seems to possess mental vigour, that will lift him up in spite of adverse fortune. Most of his pieces are creditable to his talents, and honourable to his muse. Should he live to pursue his career, and publish with caution, he will one day be better known than he is at present.

15. Astriel, a Poem, (Warr, London,) displays a respectable proportion of genius and poetic imagination. A German soldier, wounded in the field of battle, lies gasping for life. He is visited by Astriel, an inhabitant of another sphere, through whose timely aid he recovers. The warrior relates his adventures, and Astriel declares his character, and adverts to his distant abode The soldier, on learning this, proposes several abstruse questions, as

"And what are dreams? Upon what plan · Lives, thinks, and wills the soul of man ?"

16. The Dying Hours of a Young Villager, a true Narrative, by Field Flowers, B.A. (Jackson, Louth,) is a pleasing tract adapted to the capacity of children, among whom is it likely to be

useful.

17. A Discourse preached on the occasion of the Demise of George the Fourth, by John Morison, (Westley, London,) contains more truth, and less of what the Irish call blarney, than might be expected on the occasion. We are not very partial to funeral sermons for kings, since, with most sects and denominations, but a small portion of religion is required to send either soldiers expiring on the field of battle, or monarchs dying in their palaces, to heaven. Mr. Morison has, however, steered tolerably clear of these palliative and adulatory rocks, having chiefly directed his observations to the public character of the deceased king, and expatiated on his official excellences, which almost instinctively mature themselves into virtues. The profligacy of the court he does not hesitate to arraign, and the profanation of the sabbath in high life, does not escape his animadversions. We shall be glad to find every funeral discourse delivered on this mournful occasion, as free from flattery, and as strictly adhering to truth without acrimonious censure, as this, to which we now bid adieu.

18. A Funeral Discourse on the Death of the Rev. William Orme, by Joseph Fletcher, A.M., to which is prefixed, an Address at the Interment, by Dr. Winter, (Westley, London,) has no occasion to conceal facts, or to give an artificial colouring to truth. A pious and talented minister, cut down in the midst of his usefulness, is at all times a solemn event, furnishing occasion for many useful observations and

reflections. To these the well-known abilities of Mr. Fletcher are fully competent, and in the present instance he has displayed them to great advantage. Of the deceased minister, whose death he commemorates, he places the character in an auspicious light; but we feel satisfied, from what we knew of Mr. Orme, that no assertions are made in his favour, which will not bear the most rigid examination. Mr. Fletcher gives an epitome of his life, adverts to his pecu

To these questions the replies are of a liarity of talent, sums up his moral, minis

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terial, and intellectual worth, with fidelity and impartiality, and concludes with reflections, that may be as useful to the living as they are honourable to the dead, and creditable to himself.

19. Birt's New Juvenile Orrery, or Transparent Solar System, with a Key to the same, (Westley, London,) is a neat little astronomical curiosity. By holding the orrery against the light, all the bodies belonging to our solar system are distinctly seen through variously coloured paper, according to their respective magnitudes, and distances from the sun. The Key gives an explanation to the whole. To the youthful mind the spectacle cannot fail to communicate both instruction and delight.

20. A Dialogue on Friendly Societies, by James Wright, (Westley, London,) enters fully into the nature and constitutions of these friendly associations. The author seems to have paid particular attention to them, and indefatigably aims to rectify their defects, and reform their abuses.

21. The Appeal, a Didactic Poem, containing twelve Cantos on the awful State of

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and that, too, after his owner had given him full permission to attend his chapel; but this would not serve him. There is a law here, that no slave, or free person of colour, shall be allowed to preach, and the magistrate who presided on the occasion would insist upon it that preaching and praying were the same; and, consequently, as no slave is allowed to speak a word about his God, he must be flogged, and flogged he was; and then, with a chain about his neck, worked in the public streets, as an example to other transgressors who might be so wicked as to cry, 'God be merciful to me a sinner!'"

GLEANINGS.

Watercresses.-A dangerous plant grows mixed with watercresses. When not in flower, it so much resembles the latter as not easily to be distinguished, except by a botanist. Watercresses are of a deeper green, and sometimes spotted with brown, and the extremities of the leaves are more brown, and especially the last leaves, which are in pairs larger than the others, and undulated at the edges. The dangerous plant, or water-parsnip, as it is called, is of a uniform green; the ends of its leaves are longer and narrower, conical at the extremities, and toothed at the edges-Arcana of Science.

Suttees.-Forty thousand widows have been burnt India since Dr. Carey first set his feet upon its

the Heathen, by Samuel Bromley, (Simp-shores, a little more than thirty years since! This kin, London,) appears before us in an imperfect state. Enough, however, is

communicated to furnish an idea of the work when completed. The verse is respectable; but we think the author would have done better for himself, and for the cause he wishes to serve, if he had given his arguments and reasonings in plain prose.

22. Remarks on the Actual State of the University of Cambridge, (Tilt, London,) place this venerable Institution in no very enviable light. Of the private manners

appalling fact was stated at the annual meeting of the General Baptist Association, by the Rev. W. Picker, ing, of Nottingham, Eng.

Wells of Salt and of Fire in China-A French Missionary, M. Imbert, has forwarded to Europe a description of certain wells of salt and fire, at Ou-TongKiso Kiating fou, and at Ise Lieunomena or Recood. The wells are perforations about 5 or 6 inches diameter, extending to the depth of as much, in one case, as 3000 feet, ordinarily from 15 to 1800, in solid rock; from which, in the one case, water is drawn by means of a hollow bamboo and the labour of oxen, which yields from one-fifth to one-fourth of its weight of salt, and, in the other, an inflammable gas is discharged in large quantities, which serves to boil the paus in which the salt is prepared, as well as to supply the means of illumination. The method by which these wells or cylinders are made in the rock is by attaching a steel head, which moving up and down in a stone

of the younger members of the University cylinder, pounds the rock beneath, and the perforation

he draws a frightful picture, though he allows it is not of universal application. A reform, he contends, is absolutely necessary, to preserve it from disgrace, and the more serious charge of being worse than useless. Like many other observers, the Author sees and deplores the evils which prevail; but we fear that the remedies proposed would be but partially efficacious.

NEGROES MUST NOT PRAY.

A LETTER from the West Indies, dated June 15, 1830, and published in the Weekly Free Press, and the Liverpool Mercury, contains a statement which furnishes the following disgusting extract.

so made being properly moistened, the pulverized rock, in the shape of mud, lodges between the steel head, and is, when necessary, drawn out and rejected. At least three years are required to make one of these wells, though sometimes, when the rock is good, the workmen can perforate two feet in twenty-four hours.

Singular Occurrence.-On Saturday, the 20th of February, 1830, Mrs. Ann Watson, of West Butterwick, widow, of the age of eighty-six years, was accidentally burnt to death; and, at the request of her friends, she was interred in the General Baptist burying-ground, in the same grave as, twenty-eight years ago, received the remains of the late Mr. Robert Clark, farmer, of the Yousters, near Butterwick. Mr. Clark, it will perhaps be remembered, after visiting Stockwith fair, was missing, and was supposed to have been murdered; and two persons, who are now living, were apprehended on suspicion of having murdered and robbed him. Nothing was proved against them, and they were, consequently, acquitted. At the expiration of three weeks, however, the body of Mr. Clark was found at the distance of ten miles from the place where he met his fate, entangled in a ship's cable; and it was in so advanced a state of decomposition that, after securing his pocket-book, containing two pound notes and seven shillings in silver, the body was interred without stripping off the clothes. On opening the grave to receive the remains of Mrs. Watson, after the lapse of twenty-eight years, thirteen guineas, the price of a cow which he had sold at Stockwith fair, were discovered, which had been secreted in some part of his dress, a fact which establishes the innocence of the persons who have hitherto been held on suspicion.-Stamford Champion.

"A few days ago, a member in one of our churches was publicly flogged with a cart whip, and afterwards worked in chains, simply, and for nothing else, but praying to his God in a place of public worship, Journal of Sciences" we find a very interesting

Singular Effects of Attraction.-In the " Edinburgh

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paper, by Dr. Hancock, on the motions that result from merely mixing a few drops of alcohol with a small phial of laurel oil. To exhibit this singular phenomenon, which seems to bear some analogy to the motions of the planetary orbs, the drops of alcohol should be introduced at different intervals of time. A revolving or circular motion instantly commences in the oil, carrying the alcoholic globules through a series of mutual attractions and repulsions, which will last for many days. The round bodies, which seem to move with perfect freedom through the fluid, turn in a small eccentric curve at each extremity of their course, passing each other rapidly without touching. In the course of the experiment, Dr. Hancock observed particles of fluid to separate in large globular portions--these commenced a similar revolution, and smaller ones quitted their course, and revolved about the larger, whilst the latter still pursued their gyrations after the manner of primary planets and their secondaries.

Carrier Pigeons.-Three thousand pigeons are kept by stock-jobbers at Amsterdam, to convey the accounts of the variations in Stock between that place and Paris. They are despatched three times a day, and arrive next morning. They are transported in baskets to Paris by servants, who travel continually to and fro, to keep the number complete.-French Paper.

Loss of Weight in Cooking Meat.-We recommend to all our economical friends the result of a thrifty housekeeper's experience in this matter, and congratulate the lovers of old English roast beef, that they may gratify their laudable predilection, and save many an honest penny at one and the same meal :4lbs. of Beef by boiling lose 1lb.-by roasting, 1 lb. 5oz. -by baking, 1lb. 3oz.-4 lbs. of Mutton by boiling lose 14 oz.-by roasting, 1 lb. 6 oz.-by baking, 1lb. 4oz. We will only add, that the devotees to boiled mutton and turnips are evidently first-rate economists!

Dutch Sorrow.-Grief and interest appear in Holland to walk arm-in-arm together. We extract the following public notice from a Dutch Journal:-" After a short illness, my wife died yesterday morning, leaving me with three infant children. In the hope that her pure soul is with God, I beg to inform my customers, that my stores will 'continue to be as well furnished and attended to as formerly, having confided them to the direction of my principal clerk, a man extremely intelligent, and as well versed in business as the deceased herself."

Another Elephant's Tooth found in Scotland.-Geologists are aware that two elephants' tusks were found some years ago in the neighbourhood of Kilmarnock, and also that another was discovered in digging the Union Canal. We find a third locality has just been found near Paisley, where a tusk and a grinder have been found in that neighbourhood, imbedded in a tenacious clay a few feet above the sandstone of a quarry. The clay is of considerable thickness, and is mixed with rolled stones, mostly limestone, though no rock of that substance occurs within seven miles of the place.

French News-A Paris paper says, an ivory-turner in London, in sawing in two the tooth of an elephant, found in the centre of it a diamond, for which he has been offered 13,000l. sterling.

Duelling.-The "Stamford Mercury" relates the circumstance of a duel between two chimney-sweeps -one of the pistols and one of the gentlemen went off, the other lost his hand by the bursting of his piece. Longevity.-Mrs. Twiddy, of Snailwell, in Cambridgeshire, is in her 108th year; her eldest son is 84, and his youngest brother 64. She has a perfect recollection of Sir Isaac Newton.

The Duke of Sussex, and Copies of the Bible.-As some of our readers may possibly be unacquainted with the passion of the Royal Duke for collecting Bibles, we state from our own knowledge, that the library of the noble bibliopist now contains a copy of almost every edition of the sacred Scriptures which ever emanated from the erudite penman or the press of any country, at any era, amounting to above 4,000 volumes! This immense and valuable collection, it is surmised, the Duke intends to bequeath to Trinity College, Cambridge, to which his attachment is well known. His Royal Highness has the reputation of being an accomplished Hebraist; and it is even hinted that a new version of the Pentateuch may, at no distant period, be expected from his hand.

The Cock that warned Peter.-I was surprised one morning at a very extraordinary sound which proceeded from a yard not far from our house, which I discovered was the crowing of a cock. It was a creature of an extraordinary figure, immensely tall, almost all legs and thighs, with a very small body, and when he erected himself to crow, was as long as

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a crane but he was particularly distinguished by his song. At the conclusion of his crow, when other cocks ceased their note, he prolonged it into a very dismal croak, which had a monitory sound. One of our Brazilian servants then informed me, that it was the breed of a cock that crowed to Peter, and that this lengthened and dreary note was intended as an additional warning and reproach to him for what he had done!-Dr. Walsh's Notices of Brazil.

South American Condor.-In the course of the day I had the opportunity of shooting a condor; it was so satiated with its repast on the carcase of a horse, as to suffer me to approach within pistol-shot before it extended its enormous wings to take flight, which was to me the signal to fire, and having loaded with an ample charge of pellets, my aim proved effectual and fatal. What a formidable monster did 1 behold in the ravin beneath me, screaming and flapping in the last convulsive struggles of life. It may be difficult to believe, that the most gigantic animal which inhabits the earth or the ocean can be equalled in size by a tenant of the air; and those persons who have never seen a larger bird than our mountain eagle, will probably read with astonishment of a species of that same bird, in the southern hemisphere, being so large and strong as to seize an ox with its talons, and to lift it into the air, whence it lets it fall to the ground, in order to kill it, and to prey upon the carcase. But this astonishment must in a great degree subside, when the dimensions of the bird are taken into consideration, and which, incredible as they may appear, I now insert, verbatim, from a note taken down with my own hand. "When the wings are spread, they measure 16 paces (40 feet) in extent, from point to point; the feathers are 8 paces (20 feet) in length, and the quill palms 8 inches in circumference. It is said to have powers sufficient to carry off a live rhinoceros.-Temple's Travels in Peru.

English Poverty.-From a Parliamentary Return, it appears that the gold watch-cases stamped at Goldsmith's Hall, in the last year, amounted to 9,136. The silver watch-cases, stamped in the same year, amount. ed to 55,991.

Meteoric Stones.-In the night of the 14th of August, 1829, some meteoric stones fell near Deal, New Jersey, in the United States. The fall was preceded by a luminous meteor, which first rose like a rocket, then described a curve, and burst. There were twelve or thirteen explosions, like discharges of musketry, and accompanied with scintillations. The surfase of the stones that have been gathered is black, smooth, and irregular. Their interior is light gray, and full of metallic particles.-Annales de Chimie.

Peace-making Gander.-A professional gentleman of this town stated in our hearing, the other day, the following rather remarkable fact. Some years ago, while riding past Clarencefield, on a clear moonlight night, his attention was directed to Mr. Burnie's straw-yard, in which two bullocks, pugnacions natives of the western highlands, were engaged in settling some deadly feud. Such was the ire and prowess of the brutes, that their foreheads were converted into a kind of battering-rams; and every time they receded a little way, and again met, the crash was loud and terrific. The fierceness of the combat induced the traveller to pull up his steed; and his surprise was changed to absolute wonderment, when he observed a gander leave his nest, wave his pinions in the air, and then dash between the horns of the belligerents, which he succeeded in separating in the twinkling of an eye. A movement so singular and unexpected, cowed the combatants most effectually; in an instant they retreated in different directions, and, so long as our informant remained on the spot, evinced no disposition to renew hostilities. The gander, on the other hand, seemed quite proud of the exploit he had performed; and resumed. "with stately steps and slow," his place among the bonny lady-geese, who one and all proved, by their kindly cackling, how much they admired his dexterity as a tilter in an arena, which, in their innocent eyes, had all the attractions of a second "Ashby de la Zouch."Dumfries Courier.

Increase of Peers.-The House of Peers, at the death of Charles II. consisted of 176 members; at the death of King William, of 192; at the death of Queen Anne, of 209; at the death of George I. of 216; at that of George II. of 229; and at that of George III. of 386.

"As

An unexpected Proposal.-A young lady came over from a great distance "to be cured;" and when I asked the nature of her complaint, she replied, to that matter, I believe there is not a single complaint under the sun which I have not got." Here was a fine catalogue of disorders! I asked if she were married or single? "Single," was the answer. I then told her that so many complaints as she se to have could only be cured by a husb

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