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chart, it was published, with found ings and directions for failing in it; and fo great was its accuracy, that it hath never fince been found neceffary to publish another.

Mr. Cook, after the expedition to Quebec, was appointed master of the Northumberland, on the 22d of September 1759, by a warrant from ford Colvill. In this fhip his lordship staid at Halifax the following winter, as commodore; and Cook's behaviour in his new station gained him the friendship and esteem of his commander.

Senfible, by this time, that he was in the high road to promotion, he spent his leisure hours in acquiring fuch branches of knowledge as might qualify him for future fervice. At Halifax he first read Euclid, and ftudied aftronomy. The books he was able to procure were indeed few, but application and induftry fupplied the deficiency.

During Mr.Cook's continuance as mafter of the Northumberland, that faiparrived at Newfoundland in September 1762, to affift in the recapture of the ifland; and when that object was accomplished, the English fleet remained fome days at Placentia, in order to put it in a better state of defence. Here again our navigator had an opportunity of difplaying his diligence, and manifefting his zeal; he furveyed the harbour and heights of that place, and by this attracted the notice of captain, afterwards admiral Greaves, at that time commander of the Antelope, and governor of Newfoundland. His anfwers to this gentleman's profeffional queftions were fo fatisfactory, that he thence conceived a very favourable opinion of his abilities and nautical knowledge; and this was ftill farther increased by a longer acquaint

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the fame year, he married a young lady of the name of Batts, at Barking in Effex: he tenderly loved his amiabie companion; but the high and important fervices to which he was called, from his public fituation, did not fuffer him long to enjoy the felicity of matrimonial engagements.

Peace being concluded, in 1763, between England, France, and Spain, captain Greaves was again fent out as governor of Newfoundland. As this country was confidered to be of great value in a commercial view, and as it had been the principal object of contention between the English and the French, the governor, with fome difficulty, obtained an establishment for the furvey of its coafts; and Mr. Cook, on the recommendation of captain Greaves, was appointed to carry this plan into execution. He therefore went out with that gentleman; and, after having furveyed the fmall iflands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, which, by treaty, had been ceded to the French, he returned to England towards the conclufion of the feafon.

In the beginning of 1764, our navigator accompanied his friend and patron fir Hugh Pallifer, then appointed commodore and governor of Labradore and Newfoundland, in the fame ftation in which he had been under captain Greaves. Mr. Cook was well qualified for this employment; the charts of his furveys, which he afterwards published, reflected the highest credit on his abilities. He explored the inland part of the ifland of Newfoundland, in a much more accurate manner than had ever been done before; and by penetrating into the heart of the country, difcovered feveral large lakes, the pofition of which is dif tinctly marked out in the general chart.

Mr. Cook was occafionally en, gaged in this fervice, returning to

England

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England for the winter feafons, till the year 1767, which was the latest period of his being employed as marine furveyor of Newfoundland. It is evident, that he had now obtained a confiderable knowledge in practical aftronomy, from a fhort paper writ ten by him, and inferted in the fiftyfeventh volume of the Philofophical Tranfactions, entitled, "An obfervation of an eclipfe of the fun at the. ifland of Newfoundland, Auguft the 5th, 1766, with the longitude of the place of obfervation deduced from it." This obfervation was made at one of the Burgeo iflands, near Cape Ray, in lat. 47° 36' 19". on the fouth west extremity of Newfoundland; and Mr. Cook's paper having been communicated to Mr. Witchell, he compared it with an obfervation made on the fame eclipfe by the Reverend Mr. Hornby, and thence computed the difference of longitude of the places of obfervation, making proper allowance for parallax, and the prolate and fpheroidal figure of the earth. It appears, from the Philofophical Tranfactions, that Cook was at this

time accounted an able mathematician.

Soon after the peace in 1763, two voyages round the world were projected under the patronage of the king, which were performed by captains Byron, Wallis, and Carteret; and before the two latter returned, another was refolved on, for the purpose of improving the fcience of aftronomy. It having been calculated, that the planet Venus would pafs over the fun's disk in 1769, it was judged that the best place for obferving this phenomenon, would be either at the Marquefas, or at one of thofe iflands which Tafman called Amfterdam, Rotterdam, and Middleburg, and which are now better known by the appellation of the Friendly Ifles. The Royal Society, confidering this matter as an object of great importance to aftronomy, petitioned his majefty to appoint proper perfons to obferve the tranfit of Venus at either of thofe places. It is almoft needlefs to fay, that the king cheerfully complied with the object of this petition. [To be continued.]

HISTORY OF THE THEATRE.

JANUARY FEBRUARY. INCE our laft account of the thea

by the king; where, to avoid an ignominious death, he is furnished with poifon by his father: but this alternative

recording has is prevented by Eudora; and, during

occurred, except the fate of EUDORA, a tragedy, written by Mr. Hayley, profelledly for public reprefentation; and which appeared at Covent-garden thea tre on the 30th of January; the characters of which were fupported by Meffrs. Harley, Hull, Farren, Macready, Powell, Holman, and Mrs. Pope.-Palermo is the scene of business, which commences on the return of Raymond, the husband of Eudora, from a fuccefsful campaign against the Moors, in which he had accompanied the prince, who is poifoned at a caftle belonging to Raymond, where they had stopped during a whole night. Raymond being fufpect ed of the deed, is thrown into prifon

the occurrence of feveral other circum ftances relative to the real murderer of the prince, her husband's innocence is manifefted; a virtuous family are made happy, and the mifcreants of the plot torn in pieces by the populace.

The author very properly takes occafion, from the fituation of Raymond, to interfperfe fome forcible and just reflections on the horrid crime of fuicide.

The introduction of the dead prince, at the moment previous to the intended execution of Raymond, met the most marked difapprobation of the audience; in confequence of which, Mr. Hayley, the next morning, waited on the mana ger, and wholly withdrew the piece.

REVIEW

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SEE AND BRANDT, AND OF THE DANISH REVOLUTION IN 1772 PRINTED PRIVATELY, BUT NOT PUBLISHED, BY A PERSONAGE PRINCIPALLY INTERESTED: TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN, BY B. H. LATROBE. STOCK. DALE. 38. 1789.

ANY of the principal circum

the firft feeds of this animofity. Queen Juliana had violently opposed the mar riage of the king, his choice, and the time appointed for its confummation The arrival of princefs Matilda increafed her difguft. Every charm of youth and beauty graced her firft ap pearance at Copenhagen; her whole behaviour was affability and condefcenfon; her every glance, life, benevo lence, and goodnefs; and the imme diately took poffeffion of every heart in

M ftances, contained in this in her dominions.

terefting little volume, are already pretty generally known to the public. The work, however, has claims to praise, if ́not to originality: the author appears to be competent to his fubject; and while he details events, is by no means heedless of caufes; which, as the title afferts, may arise from the first source of knowledge, the author's fituation be ing faid to be that of an interested spec

tator.

As the melancholy ftory of Anna Matilda, fifter to his prefent majefty, is comprized in thefe theets; and as it is a fubject which has much excited the attention of Europe; we will present our readers with fuch extracts, relative to the unfortunate queen, as are most likely to form a connected feries, and to intereft the feelings of fenfibility.

"During the king's abfence, animofities had been carried at court to fome length. The two dowager queens, Sophia Magdalen, the grandmother, and Juliana Maria, the ftepmother of the king, both hated the reigning queen Matilda. The diflike of the firft may eafily have originated in that coolnefs which great inequality of age, character, and manners, feldom fails to produce between princes confined in the trammels of a formal court etiquette; but neither her power, nor her situation, rendered her aversion very formidable to the young queen. The rooted hatred of queen Juliana was of more importance to her peace; and its confequences rendered it in time really dreadful to her. The nuptials of the king planted

* Conferenź Rath.

"In the year 1768, Struenfee was appointed phyfician in ordinary to his Danish majefty; and, at the fame time, ordered to accompany him on his travels. From that moment his whole attention was devoted to the service of the king, or rather to the completion of his own ambitious views, founded on the poffeffion of the favour of his fovereign. Fortune feconded his endea vours; and in a fhort time raised him to a fituation too elevated to have been attained even by great abilities, and great fuccefs, unaided by the most uncommon conjuncture of fortunate circumftances.

"It was refolved, that the prince royal fhould be inoculated for the fmall pox. This operation was committed to the care of Struenfee, who performed it in the month of May 1770. He was at the fame time appointed by the queen to fuperintend the education of the young prince. The inoculation fucceeded be yond expectation, and Struenfee was liberally rewarded. He was created an honorary member of the council *, and appointed reader to their majesties, with a falary of fifteen hundred dollars +. This enabled him to give up his practice, and to attend conftantly upon the court. Struenfee had, during the illnefs of the prince, entirely gained the favour of the queen. Her tendereft affections were centered in her child. Her kind heart would not fuffer her to leave him for one moment to the care of ftrangers, during a disorder that, with the best and most skilful manage

+ About three hundred pounds; a confiderable falary in Denmark.

ment,

ment, is not wholly free from danger. She herself was his nurfe; fhe watched with him, and anxiously returned to her maternal cares the moment he awoke. Struenfee became, of cquife, her affiftant in thefe tender occupations; and the hardly fuffered him to quit the object of her affection for a moment. This gave him an opportunity of spend ing a great part of his time in the company of the queen. The natural and acquired accomplishments of his mind rendered his converfation agreeable and inftructive; and his addrefs was fuch as could not fail of winning the favour of his royal miftrefs. By degrees the found comfort, and then pleafure, in his company; the referve on both fides wore off; and their converfations became more free and interefting. The queen was convinced that he was a man who, if entirely attached to her intereft, would be of infinite fervice to her in the execution of her plans; and as the thought he might rely upon his fidelity, the discovered to him with the most unlimited confidence, the inmost fecrets of her mind. The king's affections, which had been long loft to the queen, were now reclaimed; his behaviour was entirely changed; and he placed a degree of confidence in her, of which the foon made ufe to the attainment of her purposes. Her first step was the difgrace of young count Holk, a debauched nobleman, who had fecured the royal favour, by humouring its caprices, and by pursuing the most criminal and contemptible amufements. This event was followed by the difmiffion of all the minifters; and feveral important alterations were made in the conftitution of the country. The king, or rather his advifers, had now acquired the fole power of decifion in every concern of ftate: the royal authority had now fhaken off every reftriction; and, directed by the hands in which it was now placed, defied every oppofition. This great event had been accomplished in the courfe of a very few months, by a young princefs not above twenty, a man of low extraction, and a few young gentlemen without rank and experience.

"The queen of Denmark, on the 7th of July, was delivered of a daughter. Struenfee and Berger attended her VOL. II.

upon the occafion, and after her delivery no other physician approached her. This circumftance afforded new matter to the dealers in fcandal; and the fecret rumours which had for fome time found great credit among all ranks of men, were reived. These reports had become the more dangerous, as it was well known that they frequently furnished converfation at Friedensburg, where the queen dowager and her fon Frederic held their court. In the hands of Juliana these rumours loft the quality of unmeaning jefts, that are laughed at and forgotten, and became dangerous weapons; they were heard and encouraged by perfons who had the power, and probably the with, to employ them to the total destruction of the reigning party, and upon which the most formidable measures might be founded. Happy had it been for the queen, had the confidered this, and regulated her conduct accordingly! But the had ftill other caufes of uneafinefs. Among her own fervants, among the ladies engaged about her perfon, he heard things, and perceived hints, that raised her fufpicions; and the had every reason to fear that the fecret of her heart had been difcovered. She trembled at the very idea; he dared not even trust her own tongue; and found herself unable to keep her anxiety to herself. She feared that her behaviour might betray her embarraffment, and be conftrued to her difadvantage.

"Struenfee, at length, fell into difgrace with the people; and, finding the popular clamour increafe, he threw himfelf at the feet of the queen, thanked her for her gracious protection hitherto, expreffed his diftrefs and fears in the molt moving terms, and earnestly entreated her to grant him leave to quit a court and a country, in which he was furrounded by his fworn enemies, and in which he had become an object of general hatred. He confeffed that he was unequal to the task of ferving the ftate in the prefent critical juncture; and that he could expect nothing from any quarter but inevitable ruin. He expatiated upon the danger that would even accrue to her majefty, if, in the prefent fituation of affairs, the fhould oblige him to remain at court, and attempt to defend him against the growG

ing

ing power of his enemies. He reprefented to her, in the moft forcible terms, that if, by any unforeseen accident, her numerous enemies fhould find means to gratify their revenge, fhe could expect no affiftance from the king, but must inevitably fall a victim to the implacable refentment. But the queen reject ed his propofals with as much warmth as he had made them: new objections, on his part, opposed her most urgent entreaties and the victory was doubtful, when an unexpected turn on her part obliged him to give way, and declared it in her favour. 6 Stay, Struenfee,' faid the princess, with dignity, or you will force me to a ftep, by which either my ruin, or my happinefs, will for ever be decided.' Struenfee was alarmed; he knew her courage, trembled, and fubmitted his conduct and opinion to her direction. She then obliged him to fwear, that he never again would make fuch a propofal.

"The enemies of Struenfee were numerous, but difunited; every one of them would willingly have ruined the other, could he have done without his affiftance: enmity was deeply rooted in every mind, but fear curbed its effects; every one complained, but obeyed.

During thefe difturbances, the defigns of queen Juliana ripened; and her party became more ftrong and vigorous by the acquifition of a man, who feemed, in himself, fufficient to accomplish the great plan which fhe had projected. This was colonel Köller, an officer who commanded one of the regiments that compofed the garrifon of Copenhagen. An affront formerly offered by Struenfee to an officer in his regiment, the only friend he had, had fo exafperated him against that minifter, that he vowed eternal hatred againft him. No man was more formed to act confiftently with fuch a principle than Köller. Á bold and refolute mind, the most inflexible obftinacy joined to the roughest manners, an invincible firmnefs, a choleric difpofition, a foul capable of the most violent affections, an inexhaustible stock of felf-praise, a comely perfon, and an extraordinary ftrength of body, were the principal qualities of this man. The plans of the

queen dowager had not escaped his attention. Full of difcontent and revenge, he repaired, a few days before the new year, to Juliana; opened his fentiments to her with the most unlimited confidence; begged her to promote his revenge, and the welfare of the whole nation, by effecting the downfal of the reigning party; and made her an offer of his beft fervices. Nothing could be more acceptable to Juliana than fuch an offer, nor more agreeable to her wishes at that time. She received him with the most lively affurances of favour and protection; and difcovered to him, in return, the whole of her plan. The most complete opportunity to gratify his private revenge, ftruck the colonel in a moment: he feized it with all the violence of his character; swore fidelity to the cause of Juliana, in the moft folemn manner; and entreated her not to discover, as yet, their common defign to any one. When Juliana had concerted every meafure with this man, fhe fent for count Ranzau, who had previously made her fome overtures, notwithstanding he had been highly favoured by Struenfee; but as he augured nothing favourable to himfelf from his proposals, he fufpended his intentions for a while, and endeavoured, though unfuccefsfully, to convince Stru enfee of thofe errors which operated to the difadvantage of both. But when Juliana had concerted every measure with colonel Köller, the fent for Ran zau, in order to difcover to him the whole of her plan. To her great furprize, the faw in his behaviour a total change; the found him ready to execute her commands, and to undertake the conduct of a principal part in the confpiracy. The queen knew, however, that in order to fecure the effectual affiftance of the count, it was now neceffary to lose no time in putting her plan into execution. She was under equal anxiety in regard to colonel Köller; and the delayed therefore not a moment to impart her defigns to the man whom he had fixed upon as the third leader in the confpiracy. This was colonel Eichstädt, a man devoid of any ufeful qualities of mind, but who had the dragoons belonging to the garrifon under his command, and upon

whom

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