7. Nigris: effect as epithet of cause. Cf. Epod. 10. 5; 3. 7. 1

candidi, 1. 7. 15; 2. 7. 21. n. μελάνει δέ τε πόντος ὑπ ̓ αὐτῆς; shiver.'

8. emirabitur: only here. solens unwonted to the sight.

For phenomenon, cf. Il. 7. 64, Tenn., “Little breezes dusk and

Cf. 2. 14. 11, enaviganda. — inCf. 2. 4. 2. n. ; 2. 3. 3; 1. 16. 21. 9. n. For vague use of aurea, cf.

9. credulus aurea: cf. 1. 6. 4. 2. 23; 2. 10. 5; Theoc. 12. 16; Pindar passim; Shaks., 'Golden lads and girls all must | As chimney sweepers come to dust'; Barry Cornwall, Lucy is a golden girl.'

10. vacuam: fancy free, and so ready to entertain him.

11. aurae cf. 2. 8. 24. n. ; 3. 2. 20. n.

13. nites perhaps keeping up the metaphor.

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:

Cf. Lucret. 2.

559, Subdola cum ridet placidi pellacia ponti. But cf. Glycerae nitor, 1. 19. 5; splendet, 3. 3. 25; Catull. 2. 5, desiderio meo nitenti. — tabula: for the votive picture, dedicated by shipwrecked sailors to Neptune, or Isis, cf. A. P. 20; Verg. Aen. 12. 768; F. Q. 3. 4. 10, Then, when I shall myself in safety see, | A table for eternal monument | Of thy great grace and my great jeopardy, | Great Neptune, I avow to hallow unto thee'; Thomas Watson, Hecatompathia, 91, Hang up your votive tables in the quyre | Of Cupid's church.'

15. potenti: with maris.

ODE VI.

Varius will chant thy deeds by sea and land, Agrippa. I cannot rise to tragic or epic heights-I, the light singer of love.

M. Vipsanius Agrippa was the right-hand of Augustus in war, as Maecenas in peace. He commanded the fleet at Actium, married the emperor's daughter Julia, adorned Rome with magnificent buildings (the Pantheon), and was for many years virtually joint emperor with Augustus. Gardthausen, 2. 409 sqq.; Merivale,

3. 211-214.

L. Varius, the intimate friend of Horace and Vergil, and editor of the Aeneid with Plotius Tucca after Vergil's death, wrote epics, tragedies, and elegies. Before the publication of the Aeneid he was regarded as the chief epic poet of the day. Sat. 1. 10. 43,

M

forte epos acer ut nemo Varius ducit.

Cf. also Sat. 1. 5. 40; 1. 5. 93; 1. 9. 23; 2. 8. 21; 2. 8. 63; Epist. 2. 1. 247; A. P. 55. The Augustan poets and their imitators frequently profess inability to do justice to the achievements of their patrons. Cf. Sellar, p. 134; Sat. 2. 1. 12; Epist. 2. 1. 250; Odes, 4. 2. 28-36; Propert. 2. 1. 17 sqq.; 4. 8.

1-2. Vario ... alite: generally taken somewhat harshly, as abl. abs. to save the syntax, the abl. of agent without ab being thought inadmissible. Others emend aliti, dat. of agent. For bird = bard, cf. 2. 20. 10; 4. 2. 25; Theoc. 7. 47, Moloâv opvixes; Thomson, Winter, 'Great Homer too appears of daring wing | Parent of Song'; Bacchylides, 5. 19 sqq.

2. Maeonii: cf. 4. 9. 5.

Enthusiastic friendship employed ‘Homeric › then as freely as it does Shakesperian now. Cf. Propert. 1. 7. 3; 2. 34. 66. 3. quam.

:

cumque for the tmesis, cf. 1. 7. 25; 1. 9. 14; 1. 16. 2; 1. 27. 14, etc. navibus . . equis abl. instr., a variation of conventional terra marique. Agrippa defeated Sextus Pompey, B.C. 36, for which navali corona a Caesare donatus est; qui honos nulli ante eum habitus erat, Livy, Epit. Bk. 129.

4. gesserit: with scriberis in an extension of the 'I know thee who thou art' construction. Cf. 4. 14. 19.

5. nos: cf. l. 17 and 2. 17. 32, and Epist. passim. In the odes generally ego.-neque haec . nec for the paratactic form of

...

parallels, cf. 3. 5. 27-30. — dicere: very frequent in the odes for lyric utterance.— gravem: Homer's ovλouévnv, Il. 1. 2. The Greeks also said, Bapùs xóλos; Aesch. Eumen. 800, Bapùv KÓTOV.

6. stomachum: bile, gall, spleen; cf. 1. 16. 16. A homely term, intentionally used for Homer's unus, the epic theme of the Iliad. The figurative use of the word is not Greek, but is frequent in Cicero. Cf. Lex. s. v.; F. Q. 2. 8. 23, 'But with stern looks and stomachous disdain.' - cedere nescii: cf. Verg. Aen. 12. 527, nescia vinci pectora. Achilles was pervicax (Epod. 17. 14), impiger iracundus inexorabilis acer (A. P. 121), and recalcitrant even to the gods (II. 21. 223; Plat. Rep. 391 B).

7. After the Iliad, the Odyssey. - duplicis: ToλÚTρоTos, versatile lowered to dinλous (Eurip. Rhesus, 395), shifty, double tongued.

- Ulixei: cf. Epode 16. 60; 17. 16; Achillei, 1. 15. 34 ; · Penthei, 2. 19. 14; Alyattei, 3. 16. 41.

8. Tragedy: cf. Milton, Penseroso, 'Presenting Thebes, or Pelops' line, | Or the tale of Troy divine.' The Thyestes of Varius was by friendly critics thought equal to any Greek tragedy. Quint. 10. 1. 98.— saevam . . . domum: Tantalus, Pelops, Atreus, Thyestes, Aegisthus, Agamemnon, -a family upas-tree (Symonds).

9. tenues grandia : cf. Ov. Am. 2. 18. 4, et tener ausuros grandia frangit amor. For Horace's favorite device of antithetic juxtaposition of contrasted words, cf. 1. 3. 10; 1. 5. 9; 1. 13. 14; 1. 15. 2; 2. 16. 17; 2. 18. 10; 3. 7. 13; 3. 8. 1 ; 3. 11. 46; 3. 29. 17; 3. 29. 49; 3. 30. 12; 4. 1. 6–7; 4. 4. 32; 4. 2. 31; 4. 4. 53; 4. 5. 9 ; and Sellar, p. 193. — dum: while, shades into since. Cf. 1. 2. 17;

3. 11. 50.

10. potens: with lyrae. Cf. 1. 3. 1; 1. 5. 15; 3. 29. 41; C. S. 1; Epist. 2. 3. 407, musa lyrae sollers. For thought, cf. Anacreontea, 23, θέλω λέγειν Ατρείδας ἱ βάρβιτος δὲ χορδαῖς | ἔρωτα μοῦνον ἠχεῖ.

11. egregii: cf. 3. 25. 4; 3. 5. 48; Marlowe, Tamb. II. 1. 1, 'Egregious viceroys of those Eastern parts.'

12. deterere: lit. impair, by wearing away. Cf. tenuare, 3. 3. 72; Epist. 2. 1. 235-237; Milton, Who can impair thee, mighty king?' Raleigh, Epitaph on Sidney, Whose virtues wounded by my worthless rhyme, | Let angels speak, and heaven thy praises tell'; F. Q. 3. 2. 3.

13. quis: who but a Varius ? κοχίτων. Cf. 3. 24. 5. n.

adamantina: Homer's xaλ

14. scripserit: for syntax, cf. G. L. 259; H. 486. The mood of the question is that of the expected answer, nemo scripserit.

15. nigrum: swart, soiled.

Cf. 1. 21. 7. n. ; 2. 1. 22. n. Meriones was the charioteer of the Cretan Idomeneus. Cf. 1. 15. 26; Il. 8. 264, 13. 330-336.- ope: cf. 4. 2. 2.

16. parem: cf. impar, 4. 6. 5; Tydides, urged on by Pallas, wounded Ares and Aphrodite, Il. 5. 330-340, 846-855.

17. proelia: e.g. Propert. 4. 7. 5; Ov. Am. 1. 5. 15.

18. sectis: properly manicured nails are not very dreadful weapons. acrium in iuvenes: cf. 1. 2. 39-40.

19-20. (sive) vacui sive: cf. 1. 3. 16; 1. 32. 7; 3. 4. 21-22. But sive quid urimur is really an afterthought. Cf. 1. 15. 25 ; 3. 27. 61. -urimur: cf. 1. 19. 4. non, etc.: as is my wont.

ODE VII.

Beautiful are the isles of Greece, and her cities beloved of gods, famed in song and story. But Tibur is beautiful, too, and the orchard slopes and the Anio, | Falling, falling yet to the ancient lyrical cadence' (Clough). Thou, Plancus, whether in the shade of thy Tiburtine villa, or in the glittering camp, remember that wine is the best dispeller of care. This Teucer knew when, fleeing to exile from his angry father, he consoled his despondent mates with the promise of a new Salamis in a strange land.

The loose juncture at 1. 15 led some ancient critics to assume the beginning of a new ode there. Lines 26 sqq. imply acquaintance with Verg. Aen. 1. 195 sqq., and can hardly have been written before B.C. 29.

L. Munatius Plancus, a political turn-coat (morbo proditor, Vell. 2. 83), founded Lyons as governor of Gaul in B.C. 43, was consul in 42, was intrusted by Antony with the government of Syria and Asia, and abandoned him for Octavian on the eve of Actium. In B.C. 27 he proposed the decree conferring on Octavian the title of Augustus, and was rewarded by the censorship в.C. 22. In what camp he could have been serving at this time, or what were the cares which Horace advises him to drown in wine, does not appear.

1. laudabunt alii: cf. excudent alii, Verg. Aen. 6. 847. The antithesis is me, 1. 10. The 'praise' need not be literary. Cf. 1. 1. 17, laudat. - claram: so Martial, 4. 55. 6; sunny. Cf. Pliny, N.

H. 2. 62; Lucan, 8. 248, claramque relinquit | sole Rhodon. But cf. Catull. 46. 6, ad claras Asiae volemus urbes; 4. 8, Rhodumque nobilem, that is, renowned for its commerce, its art, and its schools of rhetoric and philosophy. — Mytilenen: capital of Lesbos, pulchritudine in primis nobilis (Cic.).

2. Ephesus capital of 'Asia,' called by Florus lumen Asiae.bimaris : so Ov. Met. 5. 407; Trist. 1. 11. 5, bimarem. Isthmon; Her. 12. 27 ; ἀμφίαλος, Pind. Ο. 13. 40; ἀμφιθάλασσας,

เ

0.7.33. Aláλaoσos, cited by editors, does not seem to have been so used. Cf. Landor, Queen of the double sea beloved of him | Who shakes the world's foundations'; Anth. Pal. 7. 218, åλicávolo Kopívov; Pind. O. 13. 5. — Corinthi: destroyed by Mummius B.C. 146. Restored as colony by Julius Caesar.

:

4. Tempe Ov. Met. 1. 568, est nemus Haemoniae (Thessaly), praerupta quod undique claudit | Silva: vocant Tempe, per quae Peneus, ab imo | Effusus Pindo, spumosis volvitur undis; Tenn., 'The long divine Peneian pass'; Shelley, Hymn of Pan, ‘Liquid Peneus was flowing, | And all dark Tempe lay | In Pelion's (sic) shadow outgrowing | The light of the dying day.' Cf. the description in Aelian, V. H. 3. 1; Eurip. Troad. 214.

5. unum opus: their one task, theme. Cf. 3. 4. 70, integrae. - urbem: Athens.

intactae virgin.

6. perpetuo: in continuous epic, not the short swallow-flights of lyric. Cf. Ov. Met. 1. 3, primaque ab origine mundi | ad mea perpetuum deducite tempora carmen.

7. The olive was the gift of Athena and the symbol of Athens. To pluck from every quarter a wreath of olive for the brow, is to gather from all sources of legend and history material for the praise of Athens. Cf. Lucret. 1. 928, iuvatque novos decerpere flores | insignemque meo capiti petere inde coronam, | unde prius nulli velarint tempora musae.

Cf. Martial, 7. 36. 3, plurima

8. plurimus: many a one. tegula; Verg. Aen. 2. 369; Juv. 3. 232. But in all these cases there is a substantive. Hence some deny the use. — Iunonis: her three favorite cities were Argos, Sparta, and Mycenae (II. 4. 51).

9. aptum equis: iTTÓBоTOV (I1. 2. 287). But this version of the Greek is perhaps due to a reminiscence of the words of Telemachus (Odyss. 4. 601) rendered (Epp. 1. 7. 41), non est aptus equis Ithace locus.· -dites: Toλúxpuσos (Il. 7. 180; Soph. El. 9). 'Not yet to tired Cassandra lying low | In rich Mycenae do the fates relent' (Lang). The gold found there by Schliemann amply justifies the epithet. It was prehistoric to Horace as it is to us (Lucian, Contempl. 23; Anth. Pal. 9. 103).

10. me: cf. on 1. 1. 29. — patiens: hardy. Cf. Quintil. 3. 7. 24; Epp. 1. 7. 40, patientis Ulixei; Spread on Eurotas' bank . . .

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