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subject, after hearing the conclusion of Mr Laing's Essay, traordinarily attractive. That at Covent Garden is by which is to be read at the next Meeting of the Society; but our clever friend, Peake, and there are also new operas we may observe, en passant, that Mr Laing appears to have in rehearsal at both theatres.-Madame Vestris has prodone every justice to his theme while illustrating the earlier stages of the fine arts in this country, in spite of the diffi-duced two or three very successful one-act novelties at culty of communicating interest to the meagre notices which the Olympic; and Mathews has been equally fortunate are all we can now obtain regarding them; and we there with a new burletta, called "Kind Intentions," at the fore anticipate much pleasure in tracing this interesting Adelphi ; in which he plays the hero as no one else could The new subject nearer to our own times under the surveillance of play it. It is the production of his son. so correct an antiquary. entertainment to be produced by Mathews and Yates jointly, at Easter, is also in active preparation, and is written by Peake; and on the Wednesdays and Fridays,

ture here, on the same principle, which we can most conscientiously recommend, for the following most sufficient reasons: Firstly, it is a penance excellently, well fitted to the season of Lent; and, secondly, as a preparatory contrast to what is in store for us, it will make Mathews's Monopologue "stick fiery off indeed."

Mr Repp then read an Essay on the probable derivation of the well-known New Year's formula of congratulation in this country, "Hogmanay," "Troll-a-lay.' Rejecting the Greek derivation, which some philologists have main-a Mr W. H. Williams delivers a sort of conjuring lectained so strenuously, and which we have always thought a strained and absurd one, Mr Repp, in a very elaborate paper, to which it is impossible in any abridgement to do justice, gave a very satisfactory derivation of these words from the old Anglo-Saxon; and it certainly is clear, that if the words are significant in this tongue, that all foreign derivations must at once be given up. Many of our readers are, no doubt, aware that the good Elves or Fairies of the olden time, who in the Norse and Anglo-Saxon languages were called Hogman, changed their abodes, or at least inclined to change them, Scotice, to flit, at the end of one year or the commencement of the next. Nothing could tend so much to propitiate these capricious Elves, and thereby induce them to remain during the incoming year in their old quarters, than the exclamation or salutation, at this critical period, of" The Elves for ever!" which is the literal translation of the Anglo-Saxon Hogman-aye. Troll-a-lay, on the other hand, is an imprecation directed against the Trollds, or evil spirits,-in short, wishing them at the bottom of the sea, or literally "The Trollds to the Sea." Such is Mr Repp's interpretation of this hitherto mystic formula; and it does not require much penetration to see that of all that It have yet been started, it is most likely to be correct. has farther one advantage, peculiar, we believe, to itself:the accentuation in the Norse or Anglo-Saxon languages is precisely the same as that given to the words by the Scottish people of the present day.

THE LONDON DRAMA.

Regent's Park, London, Monday, February 28, 1831. OUR theatrical amusements being "curtailed of their fair proportion" by the laws of Lent, we have not only two evenings in the week without any plays at all, but on the other four we have had “toujours perdrix," in the shape of repetitions, so constantly, as to render our critical function almost a sinecure. "Comrades and Friends, or Life for Life," at Covent Garden, was, as we so sagaciously predicted, a mere resuscitation of a very old and very worn-out French original, which was Coburgised for the minors many years since, and is of that class of melodramas which escape a speedy dissolution, only because the audience cannot yawn and hiss at the same time. The revival of Shakspeare's "Much Ado About Nothing," with Miss Kemble as Beatrice, has, however, in some degree made the amende honorable, though we think that nothing can entirely excuse the managers for patronising any author who could pirate such trumpery. Mr Kemble's Benedick we need not pause to praise, because that character has no other adequate representative on the London boards, and the whole remainder of the cast, particularly Blanchard and Keeley, as Dogberry and Verges, was almost equally effective. Miss Kemble, as the witty heroine, has very much improved since her first performance, and though, as a whole, it is by no means her best part, yet we have no other tragic actress who could play it a tithe so well, if at all.

Drury Lane's solitary new attraction has been the visit of their Majesties, on Tuesday last, to see Sheridan's "School for Scandal," and the Pantomime; when the house was crowded to the ceiling with a most delighted audience, and "God save the King" was sung for a third time at half-past Twelve, when the Royal Visitors departed. Both houses are now busily engaged in preparing their Easter spectacles, which promise to be ex

At the French Plays at the Haymarket, a Monsieur Bouffé and a Mademoiselle Jamin are attracting crowded audiences; and at the Italian Opera, Signor David, though he has "a little of the saltness of age" in him, is proving that he has once been superexcellent. Miss Paton is engaged here as a prima donna; and a schism amongst the tailors has postponed the long-promised ballet Peregrine Somerset.

of "Kenilworth."

THE EDINBURGH DRAMA.

Two novelties have attracted us to the Theatre since our last publication-" Separation and Reparation,” a farce; and "Fazio," a revived tragedy. We know not what resurrection-man dug up the latter, and carried it to our dissecting-room in Shakspeare Square, but we owe him little thanks for it. Not that it was by any means ill acted, or ill got up, (except in what regards the furniture of Fazio's apartment-it really seemed to us that Pritchard seemed rather puzzled when he turned to look at his crucible, and found nothing but an eighteen-inch terrestrial globe,) but simply that it is a play utterly unThe versification is faultless, the imagery dramatic. gorgeous, but there is an utter want of passion and action Milman's poetry —the true ingredients of the drama. describes passion instead of uttering it. Thus Fazio, when first yielding to Aldabella's lures, is made to say:

"Had I been honest, 'twere indeed to fall; But now 'tis but a step down the declivity." The taint upon the narrowest spot of the heart spreads with the rapidity of the pestilence over the whole; but it is the feeling, not the reason, that is poisoned—men do not argue themselves syllogistically into evil. Again:

"Why should we dash the goblet from our lips, Because the dregs may have a smack of bitter ?"

When a man resolves to hazard future wretchedness for a present joy, he does not wrap his meaning up in sounding words-he sets his teeth, and dashes on in silence. The faults we have now adverted to are the children of false sentiment. The following (and it is a sample of the most numerous class in the play) is produced by a want of sentiment. The old miser, when dying, speaks of his

"ingots scarcely cold
From the hot Indies."

Such a flight is totally out of character, and is a mere
Thus much
substitution of violent imagery for passion.
for the passion of the play. How languid the action.
may be easily conceived, when we recall the fact, that tir
two first acts are occupied with a preliminary review of
the dramatis persona, that we may know distinctly the

several characters and relations, before they are fairly set loose to jostle among each other.

Actors are justly to be pitied, when set to mouth the emphatic sentences of a play, which, like a barrel, rings loud, in proportion to its emptiness. They are like musicians, obliged to perform a piece of concerted music, where all the parts are set false-the jangling is no fault of theirs. We refrain, therefore, in justice, from noticing any of them; except Mason, who performed the short part of the Miser with much power and taste; and Miss Jarman, who, having to sustain the only character in the piece susceptible of stage representation, did it all justice. She was the very Bianca-the doting jealous womanpure from want of converse with the world—an embodied representation of the weakness and strength of passion, The first spark that struck out from the monotonous dulness of the play, and roused the yawning house to applause, was her delivery of the passage

"Take heed; we are passionate; our milk of love
Doth turn to wormwood, and that's bitter drinking.
If that ye cast us to the winds, the winds
Will give us their unruly restless nature;
We whirl and whirl; and where we settle, Fazio,
=But he that ruleth the mad winds can know.
If ye do drive the love out of my soul,
That is its motion, being, and its life,
There'll be a conflict strange and horrible
Among all fearful and ill-visaged fiends,

For the blank void; and their mad revel there
Will make me-oh, I know not what-hate thee?
Oh no!-I could not hate thee, Fazio."

When she next appeared, her pettish and scornful rejection of her attendant's consolation, her convulsive efforts to bury herself in the couch upon which she lay, were true and unexaggerated bursts of passion. In the scene -between her and Fazio, after he has been adjudged to =death in consequence of her denunciation, she seemed as if, in her agony of remorse, she had shrunk in size. The subsequent scenes where she humbles herself before Aldabella-where, on parting from her husband, she remains lifeless, rigid, motionless as a statue-where she denounces the beautiful and poisonous cause of all her = misery, were at once powerful and beautiful. In the death-scene, she merited peculiar approbation for the good taste she evinced in giving so much more powerfully the expression of mental than physical agony.

66

The farce of " Separation and Reparation" is one after our own heart. Baron Malamour (Hooper) and Angelique (Miss Jarman) have made a love match; but by the laws of the country, every marriage unsanctioned by the Grand Duke is null. Malamour's father, being minister, takes advantage of this to break the union, and sends his son upon a foreign mission. The disgrace of the old statesman soon ensues, and Angelique's aunt, (Mrs Nicol,) by bribery and solicitation, obtains a decree from the supreme court, ordaining a repetition of the marriage ceremony, in order to restore her niece to her rank in society. All parties are agreed that a separation shall immediately ensue. The aunt's lawyer, Von Grotius, (Murray), has made application for a patent of nobility. He is interested, as the lawyer employed, in the dissolution of the marriage he has a personal pique against Malamour-and the Grand Duke employs him to prevent the separation; giving him to know that upon his success in counteracting it, his claim to a patent of nobility depends. The amusement of the piece is mainly afforded by Murray's perpetual bustle, his invention of one scheme as rapidly as another fails, his occasional moments of lassitude and dejection, his hits at all ranks and stations, and finally, his triumphant exclamation—“ I am the happiest of Barons!" There is also some good byplay between Malamour and Colonel Esplanade, (Brindal,) who is charged to march the recusant husband up to the altar. The Grand Duke returns a written answer to Malamour's petition, "the law must have its course."

"Was ever such a tyrant?" exclaims the mortified noble"Rank despotism!" echoes the sympathizing co

man.

lonel.

The baron mentions, as one of his objections to 66 respectable." the match, that his wife's relations are And the looks of condolence which the two exquisites interchange are impayable. Miss Jarman has not much to do-but what little she has reminds us of a caution we wish to give her. The line of acting into which she has been thrown since she came to Edinburgh, has been chiefly confined to the ladies of modern comedy and melo-drama. These sweet creatures are continual repetitions of one tune, consisting of two monotonous notes as inevitably following each other as those of the cuckoolively playfulness-and tender sentiment. To both of these feelings, Miss Jarman can give utterance with more effect than any actress upon the stage, and she changes sparklingly from the one to the other. But let her beware lest, from too frequent repetition of this charm, she degenerate into mannerism, or lead the public to believe that she can touch no other string. There are mutterings abroad-we know them to be unfounded-but she alone can successfully contradict them.

ORIGINAL POETRY.

DEATH ABROAD.

By John Malcolm.

FAR Sever'd from our native hearth,
How sad to droop-and feel the tie
That binds us to our place of birth

Press closer ere we die;
When, from the heart as Hope doth fade,
We cling more closely to her shade.

That dream of death!-I've felt it come
Upon me, on a foreign shore-
E'en while the fever-wish for home,
I deem'd to see no more,
Wax'd wild-as, in my health's decline,
I sat, amid the Summer's shine,

The bright and glowing bowers among-
Green haunts to youth and maiden dear,
Where sung the birds a pleasant song,

Though foreign to my ear;

And wild-flowers, blooming at my feet,
Breathed forth a fragrance strange but sweet;

Where snow-clad hills-a mighty wall
Rear'd-crown'd with many a rocky spire,
That midway met the evening's fall,
And kindled in its fire;

But gazing on the scene so grand,
I thought on Albyn's mountain land.

And fair, familiar faces shone

Upon my sleep-in wandering gleams,
With looks of love-to light me on

Through the dim land of dreams;
And voices breathed a music near,
The sweetest to affection's ear.

But when the vision'd bliss was flown,
More drear the haunting thought return'd-
That, on a distant shore-unknown,
Unmiss'd, and all unmourn'd—

I should lie down-where none would come
To sigh above the stranger's tomb.

When heaven is in its summer glow,

And earth with beams and blossoms gay,

We feel it doubly hard to go—

For nature woos our stay;
And sadder still, to think the waves
Shall part us from our fathers' graves.

LITERARY CHIT-CHAT AND VARIETIES.

THE Albanians, a Dramatic Sketch, with Miscellaneous Poems, by George J. Bennett, is announced.

In the press, the Records of a Good Man's Life, by the Rev. Charles B. Taylor.

Preparing for publication, a short series of interesting Essays, adapted to the understandings of young persons, on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, the Immortality of the Soul, and the great and manifold advantages which have accrued to mankind from Christianity; with the supposed reflections of an Enlightened Heathen in Judea, in the time of Christ. By Mr R. Ainslie, Writer to the Signet, Edinburgh, author of the Father's Gift.

Mr Macfadyen of Glasgow announces "Six Songs," chiefly ar. ranged to Oriental and foreign airs-the words by R. J. Macgeorge, Esq.; and he has published a pretty song by Mr Black, with music by Mr J. R. Macfarlane; who has also another "coup d'essai" in the press, called "The Letter"-the words by Atkinson.

The new production, from the pen of the author of "Vivian Grey," is to be entitled "The Young Duke."

Sir Arthur Brooke's Narrative of his Recent Tour in Spain, and subsequently in Barbary, is on the eve of publication.

The Third Volume of Messrs Oliver and Boyd's Cabinet Library, devoted to Egypt, is in an advanced state of preparation, although the time of its appearance is not yet definitely fixed. The name of the learned compiler, Dr Russell, is a sufficient warrant that it will prove an interesting work. It is to be adorned with numerous wood-cuts-chiefly illustrative of the architectural remains of Egypt. To judge by some proofs which have been shown us, they exceed in fineness any wood-cuts we have seen. A new edi. tion of the first volume of this interesting series lies upon our table-but was received too late in the week to admit of our noticing it otherwise than by stating here, that it contains full and accurate details of the wrecks of the whalers last year, collected at no small expense of labour and money; and likewise the only authentic information yet published respecting Captain Ross's enterprise.

John Nevay, the author of some pleasing verses which have appeared in this Journal, has a volume of poems in the press.

We understand that Mr Martin is now engraving two new prints "Satan presiding at the Infernal Council," and "Pandemonium," on the same scale as the Belshazzar's Feast.

The lady of one of the dignitaries of the church, recently received a begging letter addressed as follows: "To the Right Rev. Mother in God, the Bishopess of "! This is better than the letter received by the Duchess of Northumberland, during the time his Grace was Viceroy of Ireland, which was addressed, "To her Grace the Lady Lieutenant of Ireland."

Our readers found in our last number an announcement of a new edition of Mr Crofton Croker's Killarney Legends, "with contributions from Mrs Norton and G. P. R. James, Esq." In re. ference to the contributions from Mr James, we are authorised to make the following statement :-Some time ago, a short poem, by that gentleman, fell into the hands of the Editor of the Literary Gazette. That gentleman applied for the author's permission to publish it in his journal, which was granted. Mr James was, however, both surprised and annoyed to find the verses prefaced by a statement of the circumstances under which they were composed, which had not the shadow of a foundation in fact.. Mr Croker, seeing the verses in the columns of the Literary Gazette, wrote to Mr James, requesting that he would allow him to insert them in the new edition of his "Legends." Leave was given him to make what use he pleased of them, provided the cock-and-bull story prefixed to them in the paper in which they first appeared, was omitted. This is the sum total of Mr James's "contributions" to the new edition of the "Legends."

PERIODICALS FOR MARCH.-The New Monthly contains an amusing quiz upon autobiographies, by Poole, the author of Paul Pry.Fraser has a judicious and able article upon Schiller; a portrait of Mrs Norton, less fearfully pathetic than that in the New Monthly for February, but sufficiently in the "sitting for her portrait" style; and in general much vigour and spirit, but too decidedly in imitation of Blackwood-We are inclined to opine that the best article in the Monthly is "The Merchant's Clerk," the "Notes of the Month" are as smart as ever.-The United Service has several articles that will be perused with eagerness,--The Memoir of Marmont, and the account of the military events of last July in Paris, The Battle of Waterloo, in a Letter from a Private Soldier, -A Letter from Gibraltar,-and a Monody upon "Passed Midshipmen."--The Asiatic Journal is, if we may judge by its table of

contents, full of good matter.-The Harmonicon presents us with Memoirs of Dr Calcott and Rodolphe Creutzer,-Articles on the Ecclesiastical Choirs of Great Britain and Ireland, The Metro. politan Concert of Ancient Music,-A Foreign Musical Report,-and the usual allowance of music and criticism.-The most re markable thing in Blackwood is, the merited chastisement of a gentleman who insists upon confounding political feeling with literary criticism,

STATE OF EDUCATION IN GREECE.-There are at present 18 schools in which the Greek language is taught to 624 pupils, and 25 schooli of mutual instruction, with 1786 pupils, in the Morea; 31 schools in which the Greek language is taught to 1712 pupils, and 27 schools of mutual instruction, with 3650 pupils, in the islands of the Archipelago. Among the insular institutions are the esta blishment for orphans and the central school. In continental Greece, one school has been established at Lepanto for teaching the Greek language; and a building, destined to the use of an. other, is erecting at Mesolonghi,

LITERARY REMUNERATION.-A French periodical informs ni, that the contributors to the Edinburgh Review are paid at the rate of £110 sterling for every printed sheet.

Theatrical Gossip.-The Royal Family have visited Drury Lane. The entertainments commanded were "The School for Scandal," and "Davy Jones," a pantomime.-Miss Paton is engaged as prima donna at the King's Theatre. There has been an insurree. tion among the tailors of that establishment. The whole army of artistes (forty-five in number) made a strike, on being refused an advance of wages. Laporte is in despair, and the new ballet of "Kenilworth" still in the limbo of vanity.-A burletta has bert produced at the Olympic, termed "Taken by Surprise." It has been vehemently attacked, and faintly defended. An English ver. sion of Boieldieu's "Le Nouveau Seigneur de Village" has been produced at the same theatre. Its name is "Duke for a Day."a good translation, well got up, and well acted.-A new actress has made her appearance among the French actors at present per. forming in London, but without any marked success.-The plea between the great and the minor theatres has at last been deter. mined. The privilege of the English Opera House is restricted to six months in every year.-In Paris, a piece has been produced at the Nouveantés, under the seductive title of Le Cholera Morbus! It represents all the theatres of Paris as afflicted with an allegori. cal influenza, consequent upon their want of encouragement under existing circumstances. Each theatre is represented by an acter or actress, who is made to labour under some disease, supposed to be analogous to its present condition.-Liverpool affords encou ragement at once to Ducrow and two theatres.-Vandenhoff is engaged to play with Young during his farewell visit to Glasgow -we hope this is also the case here.-Seymour opens his theatre in Glasgow with the strength of the Belfast circuit, and the Nor. mans-dancers of some celebrity. The establishment, we learn, is to wear an entirely new face.-A new national drama is in preparation at home here, entitled, we believe," A Week at Holy. rood." It is said to be from the pen of a lady favourably known in the literary world. The opera of "Don Giovanni" is announced, and we learn that one of Cimarosa's is also in preparation. The theatre is looking life-like both behind and before the curtain.

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TO OUR CORRESPONDENTS.

In our next, A Song by the Ettrick Shepherd; Reviews of the Marchmont Papers, and of Sketches of Venetian History (in the Family Library); together with the continuation of "the Walche ren Expedition," and A NOVELTY.

"H. M. M." wont do." C." must be contented with the same answer." The Last of the Maclans" has been recovered, but we have not yet had leisure to peruse it.--We do not know who "l'Illustre Prélat" is, and we are averse to aid in praising a man of whose merits we are ignorant.-"2. 2." has poetry about him, but he must learn to abjure the cant phrases of versifiers-The papers enquired after by "O. C." have never come into our hands.

ERRATA IN OUR LAST.-In the Review of the Harmonicon, far Revue Musical, read Musicale,-for stoccato, read staccato,—fot à son goût, read a son goût.

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The narrative of three years and a half, so rich in discoveries, could be but flimsily and dryly detailed in our sode-the history of the mutineers of the Bounty, a sublimited space; we confine ourselves, therefore, to an epi

Narrative of a Voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, to co-operate with the Polar Expeditions performed in His Majesty's Ship Blossom, under the com-ject to which Byron's "Island" has lent additional inte

mand of Captain F. W. Beechey, R.N., in the Years 1825, 26, 27, 28. Published by Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. 4to. Pp. 742. London. Colburn and Bentley. 1831.

rest. Captain Beechey's account of them is compiled. almost entirely from the narrative of Adams, who was, at the time the Blossom touched at Pitcairn's Island, the only survivor of "Christian's comrades," and who has himself since paid the debt of nature. The cause of the WHEN Captain Parry sailed in 1824, on his last at- mutiny is thus explained: tempt to discover a North-west Passage, and Captain "Throughout the voyage, Mr Bligh had repeated misFranklin set out to connect his discoveries at the mouth understandings with the officers, and on several occasions of Coppermine River with the farthest known point on had given them and the ship's company just reasons for the western side of America, it was anticipated that both complaint. Still, whatever might have been the feelings of the officers, there was no real discontent among the crew; parties, if successful, would reach the open sea in Beh- much less was there any idea of offering violence to their ring's Strait, nearly destitute of provisions. Captain commander. The officers, it must be admitted, had much Franklin and his companions would, in addition, have more cause for dissatisfaction than the seamen, especially been destitute of a conveyance to a place whence they the Master and Mr Christian. The latter was a protegé could return to Europe. To obviate these difficulties, of Lieutenant Bligh, and unfortunately was under some the Blossom was dispatched, under Captain Beechey, to obligations to him of a pecuniary nature, of which Bligh await the arrival of the two expeditions. The instruc- frequently reminded him when any difference arose. Christian, excessively annoyed at the share of blame which tions of the Lords of the Admiralty were, that the Blos-repeatedly fell to his lot, in common with the rest of the som should, after doubling Cape Horn, accurately exa- officers, could ill endure the additional taunt of private mine as many of the islands of the Pacific ocean as they obligations; and in a moment of excitation told his comcould, consistently with the necessity the Captain lay under mander, that sooner or later a day of reckoning would of reaching the rendezvous in Behring's Strait by the 10th arrive." of July, 1826. In case nothing were heard during that summer of Captains Parry or Franklin, it was to winter in some port of the Pacific. On returning to its station in 1927, it was directed to call at Owyhee, to enquire whether Captain Parry had passed. Having remained in Behring's Strait to as late a period of the autumn as the season should be found to admit of, the Blossom was directed to return to England by the way of Cape Horn. Captain Beechey gives, at the close of his work, the following summary of what has been effected by the expedition in the Blossom:

The addition of a gratuitous insult at last drove Christian to desperation.

the tropical regions, when the mildness of the air and the "It was one of those beautiful nights which characterise stillness of nature dispose the mind to reflection. Christian, pondering over his grievances, considered them so intolerable, that any thing appeared preferable to enduring them, and he determined, as he could not redress them, that he would at least escape from the possibility of their being increased. Absence from England, and a long residence at Otaheite, where new connexions were formed, weakened the recollection of his native country, and prepared his mind for the reception of ideas which the situation "In this voyage, which occupied three years and a half, of the ship and the serenity of the moment particularly we sailed seventy-three thousand miles, and experienced favoured. His plan, strange as it must appear for a young every vicissitude of climate. It cannot be supposed that a officer to adopt, who was fairly advanced in an honourservice of such duration, and of such an arduous nature, able profession, was to set himself adrift upon a raft, and has been performed without the loss of lives, particularly make his way to the island then in sight. As quick in as our ship's company was, from the commencement, far from robust. I have to lament the loss, in all, of fifteen execution as in design, the raft was soon constructed, various useful articles were got together, and he was on the persons. My professional habits have unqualified me for executing, with satisfaction to myself, the task of author-point of launching it, when a young officer, who afterwards ship, which has devolved upon me as commander of the expedition, and which I would not have undertaken, had I not felt confident that the candid public would look more to what has been actually done, than to the mode in which the proceedings have been detailed. In the Appendix I have collected as much information as the nature of the work would admit. Besides the interesting matter which it will be found to contain, the expedition has surveyed almost every place it touched at, and executed plans of fourteen harbours, of which two are new; of upwards of forty islands, of which six are discoveries; and of at least six hundred miles of coast, one-fifth of which has not before been delineated. There have also been executed drawings and views of headlands, too numerous to appear in one work; and I hope shortly to be able to lay before the public two volumes of natural history.”

perished in the Pandora, to whom Christian communicated his intention, recommended him, rather than risk his life on so hazardous an expedition, to endeavour to take possession of the ship, which he thought would not be very difficult, as many of the ship's company were not well disposed towards the commander, and would all be very glad to return to Otaheite, and reside among their friends in that islaud. This proposition accorded too well with the disposition of Christian's mind, and, hazardous as it was, he determined to co-operate with his friend in effecting it, resolving, if he failed, to throw himself into the sea. That there might be no chance of being saved, he tied a deep-sea lead about his neck, and concealed it within his clothes."

The success of the mutineers, in taking possession of the ship, is already well known. After they had cast off the boat into which Lieutenant Bligh and those of the

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crew who adhered to him had been forced, they sailed for Otaheite. Christian, afraid of detection, resolved to make for some more remote island. Eight sailors and six natives determined to follow his fate. Having invited several of the women on board, under the pretext of taking leave, the cables were cut, and they were carried off to sea. They steered for Pitcairn's Island. The mountains of that island are difficult of access, with passes so narrow as to be easily defended, and caves affording hiding-places from pursuers. On landing, the ship was burnt, for fear of discovery.

"A suitable spot of ground for a village was fixed upon, with the exception of which the island was divided into equal portions, but to the exclusion of the poor blacks, who, being only friends of the seamen, were not considered as entitled to the same privileges. Obliged to lend their assistance to the others in order to procure a subsistence, they thus, from being their friends, in the course of time became their slaves. No discontent, however, was manifested, and they willingly assisted in the cultivation of the soil. In clearing the space that was allotted to the village, a row of trees was left between it and the sea, for the purpose of concealing the houses from the observation of any vessels that might be passing, and nothing was allowed to be erected that might in any way attract attention. Every thing went on peaceably and prosperously for about two years, at the expiration of which, Williams, who had the misfortune to lose his wife about a month after his arrival, by a fall from a precipice while collecting birds' eggs, became dissatisfied, and threatened to leave the island in one of the boats of the Bounty, unless he had another wife. The Europeans, not willing to part with him on account of his usefulness as armourer, constrained one of the blacks to bestow his wife upon the applicant. The blacks, outrageous at this second act of flagrant injustice, made common cause with their companion, and matured a plan of revenge upon their oppressors. The secret was imparted to the women, who ingeniously communicated it to the white men in a song, of which the words were, Why does black man sharpen axe?-to kill white man.' The instant Christian became aware of the plot, he seized his gun, and went in search of the blacks, but with a view only of showing them that their plot was discovered; and thus, by timely interference, to prevent the execution of it. He met one of them (Ohoo) at a little distance from the village, taxed him with the conspiracy, and, in order to intimidate him, discharged his gun, which he had humanely loaded only with powder. Ohoo, imagining that the bullet had missed its object, derided his unskilfulness, and fled into the woods, followed by his accomplice, Talaloo, who had been deprived of his wife. The remaining blacks, finding their plot discovered, purchased pardon, by promising to murder their accomplices, who had fled, which they afterwards performed by an act of the most odious treachery. Ohoo was betrayed and murdered by his own nephew; and Talaloo, after an ineffectual attempt made upon him with poison, fell by the hands of his friend and his wife-the very woman on whose account all the disturbances began, and whose injuries Talaloo thought he was revenging in common with his own."

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The tranquillity thus restored was preserved for about two years, at the end of which the blacks were again irritated by the ill-treatment they received from Quintal and M'Coy, two of the sailors. The plot was this time better laid, and issued in the murder of Christian and four more of the Englishmen, the reduction of Adams-who was severely wounded-and one of his companions, to servitude, and the flight of Quintal and M'Coy, the causers of the mischief. The reign of the men of colour was, however, of short duration.

"The party in the village lived in tolerable tranquillity for about a week; at the expiration of which, the men of colour began to quarrel about the right of choosing the women whose husbands had been killed; which ended in Menalee's shooting Timoa, as he sat by the side of Young's wife, accompanying her song with the flute. Timoa, not dying immediately, Menalee reloaded, and deliberately dispatched him by a second discharge. He afterwards attacked Tetaheite, who was condoling with Young's wife for the loss of her favourite black, and would have murdered him also, but for the interference of the women. Afraid to remain longer in the village, he escaped to the mountains,

and joined Quintal and M'Coy, who, though glad of his services, received him at first with suspicion. This great acquisition to their force enabled them to bid defiance to the opposite party; and to show their strength, and that ridge of mountains within sight of the village, and fired a they were provided with muskets, they appeared on the volley, which so alarmed the others, that they sent Adams to say, that if they would kill the black man Menalee, and return to the village, they would all be friends again. The terms were so far complied with, that Menalee was shot; but, apprehensive of the sincerity of the remaining blacks, they refused to return while they were alive. "Adams says it was not long before the widows of the white men so deeply deplored their loss, that they determined to revenge their death, and concerted a plan to murder the only two remaining men of colour. Another account, communicated by the islanders, is, that it was only part of a plot formed at the same time that Menalee was murdered, which could not be put into execution before. However this may be, it was equally fatal to the poor blacks. The arrangement was, that Susan should murder one of them, Tetaheite, while he was sleeping by the side of his favourite; and that Young should at the same instant, upon a signal being given, shoot Nehow. The unsuspecting Tetaheite retired as usual, and fell by the blow of an axe; the other was looking at Young loading his gun, which he supposed was for the purpose of shooting hogs, and requested him to put in a good charge, when he received the deadly contents. The accomplishment of this fatal scheme was immediately communicated to the two absentees, and their return solicited. There were now (October, 1793) left upon the island Adams, Young, M'Coy, and Quintal, ten women, and some children."

The women conducted themselves at first as might have been expected-seceded from the society whenever they conceived any dissatisfaction, and kept the men in bodily fear, by carrying arms along with them. Industry and general good behaviour continued, however, to inhad been the first-whisky was the second.

crease, until a new cause of trouble was introduced. Love

"It unfortunately happened that M'Coy had been employed in a distillery in Scotland; and being very much addicted to liquor, he tried an experiment with the teeroot, and on the 20th April, 1798, succeeded in producing a bottle of ardent spirits. This success induced his companion, Mathew Quintal, to alter his kettle into a still,' a contrivance which unfortunately succeeded too well, as frequent intoxication was the consequence, with McCoy in particular, upon whom it at length produced fits of delirium, in one of which he threw himself from a cliff, and was killed. The melancholy fate of this man created so forcible an impression on the remaining few, that they resolved never again to taste spirits; and Adams has, 1 believe, to this day kept his vow.

"About 1799, Quintal lost his wife by a fall from the cliff, while in search of birds' eggs. He grew discontented, and, though there were several disposable women on the island, and he had already experienced the fatal effects of a similar demand, nothing could satisfy him but the wife of one of his companions. Of course neither of them felt inclined to accede, and he sought an opportunity of putting first attempt, but swore he would repeat it. Adams and He was fortunately foiled in his Young, having no doubt he would follow up his resolution, came to the conclusion that their lives were not safe, and that they were justified in putting him to death, which they did with an axe."

them both to death.

The subsequent history of this colony is of a more pleasing character.

"Adams and Young were now the sole survivors out of fifteen males who landed on the island. They were both, and more particularly Young, of a serious turn of mind. Since Christian's decease, church service had been regularly read every Sunday. They now, however, resolved to have morning and evening family prayers, to add afternoon service to the duty of the Sabbath, and to train up their children, and those of their late unfortunate companions, in piety and virtue. In the execution of this resolve, Young's education enabled him to be of the greatest assistance. An asthmatic complaint, under which he had for some time laboured, terminated his existence about a year after the death of Quintal, and Adams was left the sole survivor of the unfortunate and misguided mutineers of the Bounty.

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