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Bacchus (in a minor key.) Nay, nay-take your own

way,

I've said out my say,

And care nought, by my fai',

For your croak, croak, croak!

Leader. Care or care not, 'tis the same thing to me,
My voice is my own and my actions are free;
I have but one note, and I'll chant it with glee,
And from morning to night that note it shall be-
Chorus.
Croak, croak, croak!
Bacchus. Nay, then, old rebel, but I'll stop your treble,
With a poke, poke, poke;

Take this from my rudder—(dashing at the frogs)-
And that from my oar,

And now let us see if you'll trouble us more
With your croak, croak, croak!

Leader. You may batter and bore,

You may thunder and roar,

Yet I'll never give o'er

Till I'm hard at death's door, -(This rib's plaguy sore)Semi-Chorus. With my croak, croak, croak! Semi-Chorus (diminuendo.) With my croak, croak, croak! Full Chorus (in a dying cadence.) With my croak-croak

-croak!

(The Frogs disappear.)

Bacchus (looking over the boat's edge.)

Spoke, spoke, spoke!

(To Charon.) Pull away, my old friend,

For at last there's an end

To their croak, croak, croak.

(Bacchus pays his two obols, and is landed.)"

The remaining literary articles are:-A review of Townson's Practical Discourses-acute and erudite; one of Pitcairn's Trials-good; one of Herschel's Treatise on Sound, which we have not yet had time to peruse, otherwise than in a very cursory manner. The article on a Poor Law for Ireland is on a par with the rest of this publication's essays on Political Economy.

The Year Book. By William Hone. Parts I. and II. (For January and February.) London. Thomas Tegg. 1831.

THIS is a worthy successor of its publisher's Every.. Day Book. It is a register of pleasing events and associations, happening upon, or connected with, every day of the year-a calendar of pleasing and profitable information. "This work will be published," says Mr Hone, "in thirteen monthly parts. A part, with at least eight engravings, will appear on the first of every month. The last part, with title-page, frontispiece, and copious indexes, will appear on the last of December." To this brief prologue, we add, that the matter is excellent, the printing elegant, and the engravings spirited. We subjoin a few extracts, as specimens of the contents.

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We foot it, and crush the snow right merrily together. How winter-like is yonder farm-yard! That solitary melancholy jacques-a jackass with his ears down, and his knees trembling, is the very picture of cold. That drake looks as though his blood were congealed, and he wanted a friendly handling to thaw it, as they do his brother's at Naples on the day of St Januarius. Yonder goose on one leg seems weighing the difficulty of putting down the other. The fowls cheerlessly huddle together, ignorant of the kite soaring beautifully above them, whetting his beak on the keen wind. Wheugh! what a clatter! he has plumped into the midst of the poultry, seized a fine hen, and is flying down the wind with his screaming prey.

"Along the lane, where, in summer, the hedgerows and banks are deliciously green, and the ear is charmed with the songs of birds, the branches are now bare of leaves, and the short herbage covered with the drifted snow, except close to the thickly growing roots of the blackthorn. Yon fowler with his nets has captured a lark. Poor bird!

never again will he rise and take flight in the boundless air, At heaven's gate singing

He is destined to a narrow cage, and a turf less wide than his wings. Yonder, too, is a sportsman, with his gun and sideling looks, in search of birds, whom hunger may wing within reach of shot-he is perplexed by a whirling snipe at too great a distance. There is a skater on the pool, and the fish below are doubtless wondering at the rumbling and tumbling above. That sparrowhawk is hurrying after a fieldfare. Look! he is above his object, see how he hovers; he stoops-a shot from the sportsman-down comes the hawk, not in the beauty of a fierce swoop, but fluttering in death's agony; and the scared fieldfare hastens away, low to ground."

A CHRISTMAS SONG.

"Come, help me to raise Loud songs to the praise Of good old English pleasures: To the Christmas cheer, And the foaming beer,

And the buttery's solid treasures ;

"To the stout sirloin,

And the rich spiced wine,

And the boar's head grimly staring; To the frumenty,

And the hot mince-pie,

Which all folks were for sharing ;

"To the holly and bay,
In their green array,

Spread over the walls and dishes;
To the swinging sup

Of the wassail cup,

With its toasted healths and wishes ;

"To the honest bliss
Of the hearty kiss,

Where the mistletoe was swinging;
When the berry white
Was claim'd by right,

On the pale green branches clinging ;—

"When the warm blush came
From a guiltless shame,

And the lips, so bold in stealing,
Had never broke

The vows they spoke,
Of truth and manly feeling ;-

"To the story told
By the gossip old,
O'er the embers dimly glowing,
While the pattering sleet

On the casement beat,
And the blast was hoarsely blowing;-

"To the tuneful wait

At the mansion gate,

Or the glad, sweet voices blending,
When the carol rose,

At the midnight's close,
To the sleeper's ear ascending;-

"To all pleasant ways,
In those aucient days,
When the good folks knew their station :
When God was fear'd,

And the king revered,

By the hearts of a grateful nation ;

"When a father's will
Was sacred still,

As a law, by his children heeded;
And none could brook
The mild sweet look,
When a mother gently pleaded;—

"When the jest profane
Of the light and vain
With a smile was never greeted,
And each smooth pretence,
By plain good sense,
With its true desert was treated."

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(Contents.)

London

15. Feb. 1809.

"St Asaph in Wales, Feb. 15, 1809. "Mr Stokes, Sir,-On the receipt of this, please to call and get nine shillings, a balance due to me from Mr Warner, at 16, Cornhill Lottery office, which he will give you, and for which send constantly, every week, 18 of the Mirror newspapers, directed fair and well, in good writing, to Mr Kinley, of Crossack, Ballasalla, Isle of Mann.

"Mrs Kinley likes your newspaper the best of any, because you often insert accounts of shocking accidents, murders, and other terrible destructions, which so lamentably happen to mankind. As such, your newspaper is a warning voice, and an admonition for people to watch for their own welfare, and to be aware. All newspapers who are filled with dirty, foolish, sinful accounts of mean, ill, unprofitable things, which stuff the minds of readers with devilish wickedness, ought to be avoided as devilish, and as soul-destroying doctrine. But a newspaper ought to be next unto the blessed godly gospel of our holy Lord and master, Jesus Christ himself, who continually taught and established the word and works of grace and eternal life,

through the holy sanctification of the Holy Ghost, the most holy, blessed, gift of God, the Almighty Abba Father of our holy Lord Jesus Christ. When I was in the Isle of Mann, I paid threepence a-week for one of your papers; and I let Mrs Kinleys have it, and, as she has several young sons, your paper would be a blessing to them. And I beg, on Saturday next, you will not fail to begin and send a newspaper every week, and don't miss in any one week, for I want to have them filed, and to have a complete set of them, as I have a great number of the Mirror papers, and I hope to be a constant customer; as such, I beg you will, next Saturday, begin and send a Mirror newspaper every week, and give a good direction on them, and set Mr Kinley's name quite plain upon the frank, as they are bad, and very bad, readers of writing, at the house where the letters and papers are left at Ballasalla.

"And, when I get back to the Island, I will take one of your papers for myself, and will send you more cash in due time. But, at present time, begin on next Saturday, and don't fail, and direct quite plain, in good writing, for Mr Kinley, of Crossack, Ballasalla, Isle of Mann.

"N.B. Set two nn's in the word Mann, else they send it to the Isle of Mar, in a mistake.

"Observe well, you must begin this week, and never miss at all, to send a Mirror paper every week, to the Isle of Mann. Don't miss in any week at all. I have paid the postage of this single letter, and I particularly entreat you to get the nine shillings from Mr Warner, for which please to begin on next Saturday, and don't neglect to send eighteen successive Mirror newspapers, with a very good direction to Mr Kinley, of Crossack, Ballasalla, Isle of Mann, and I will send cash to you, from the Isle, in due time, for myself for more papers, at the end of the time. Yours, E. T. HAWDEN, Engineer, &c.'

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This is exactly the kind of book we wish to see—a favourite among the lower classes. There is a manly, healthy, genuine English spirit about it.

12mo.

Legends and Stories of Ireland. By Samuel Lover,
R. H.A. With Etchings by the Author.
Pp. 227. Dublin: W. F. Wakeman. Edinburgh :
Oliver and Boyd. 1831.

We have been much amused during the perusal of this little volume;-not but we have in our time met with Irish stories as well or even better told. What most pleases us in Mr Lover's collection, is the true Irish manner in which they are told. His legends are, in this respect, peculiarly happy. They are fragments of old bullion, sparkling here and there, but disfigured, and thickly coated over with the rust of vulgarity and ignorance, which they have acquired in their transmission

through long generations of the peasantry. The contrast of the legend's original grandeur with the uncouth and grotesque form which it has assumed during the lapse of time, is often irresistibly ludicrous. This effect Mr Lover has, in one or two instances, contrived to heighten by his felicitous etchings. In his picture of King O'Toole and St Kevin, he has given us an exquisite representation of the legendary monarch and saint: the latter, a sturdy young peasant in a loose dreadnought, with a stout cudgel in his hand, and a pipe in his hat-band, pointing with a true Irish leer of triumph to his accomplished miracle; the former, a good elderly gentleman, with his crown and pig-tail-but the words of the legend can best describe him-"'Twas a beautiful sight to see the king standing with his mouth open."

Upon the whole, we can recommend a perusal of this book to all who are admirers of Irish humour and cha

racter.

A set of Six Original Songs. The Poetry by Mrs
Hemans; the Music by J. Zeugheer Herrmann, and
H. F. C. London: Published by J. Power. 1831.
BEAUTIFUL poetry, with appropriate and pleasing ac-
for any thing from the pen of Mrs Hemans. The music,
Our readers, we know, will thank us
companiments.
freebooters though extract-making critics are generally
reputed to be, we dare not purloin, with Mr Power's
magical" Entered at Stationers' Hall" staring us in the
face.

SISTER! SINCE I MET THEE LAST.
"Sister! since I met thee last,
O'er thy brow a cloud hath pass'd,
In the softness of thine eyes
Deep and still a shadow lies;
From thy voice there comes a tone,
Never to thy childhood known;
Through thy soul a storm hath moved-
Gentle sister! thou hast loved!

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The American Quarterly Review. No. XV. September The Quarterly Journal of Education. No. I. January 1930. Philadelphia: Carey and Lea. Glasgow: 1831. London. Charles Knight. John Reid.

"Ir we can devise any means for giving a greater

We have so often noticed the "North American Re-unity to education in these islands; if we can only make view," that we in some sort take shame to ourselves for all persons engaged in instruction better acquainted with passing its Philadelphian rival in silence. The truth is, each other; if we can diffuse a fair and unbiassed critithat we have all along regarded the American Quarterly cism on establishments for education, and on the systems not only as less bold and manly in its tone, but as being and books which constitute their real life and existence, indeed a rather slavish imitation of its elder brother. -we are doing a service not only to our country, but to The present number is, however, a decided improvement. the whole world." Such are the views on which the After a careful perusal, we feel ourselves entitled consci- Society for Diffusing Useful Knowledge have been led entiously to recommend it to the notice of our readers, to undertake a Quarterly Journal of Education. We although candour obliges us at the same time to advert to heartily concur with them; and welcome a publication some of its faults. The subjects are for the most part which has been too long wanted in this country. There judiciously chosen, and the articles on the whole a happy can be no doubt that, for the reasons here expressed, it medium between dulness and flippancy. must give a powerful impulse to education.

We must, however, condemn that incessant sneer at the "Old Country," which disgraces the pages of the American Quarterly. Indulging in a habit of this kind, gives a character of bile and ill-humour most prejudicial to a nascent literature. After all, it is not so much the injustice of the reviewer's severe things that we object to, (many of them are most lamentably just,) as to his manner of uttering them. He is always attempting to be ironical. Now irony is a tone not easily supported in a graceful manner, and frequent repetition of it becomes absolutely nauseous. The reviewer will perhaps tell us, that speaking ironically is a custom of his country, (we reply, that it is a bad custom,) or that the "old country" writers are as much to blame as he; (but he ought to know that "two blacks don't make a white.") Apart from this fault, the American Quarterly has another that frequently leads it into foolishness, a habit of endeavouring to say something more upon every subject than any other person has done. One or two slips of this kind have brought to our recollection the story of the American captain and his mate. They had gone ashore at Calcutta, and upon their return to the ship, the latter was very eloquent on the subject of a juggler, who, balancing a ladder upon the ground, went up the one side and down the other. The captain had seen all that the mate had seen, and this in addition—that when the juggler got to the top of the ladder, he drew it up after him!

Article I. is a review of a new edition of the Gulistan of Sadi,—or rather, the Gulistan is placed at the top of it, to give the author an opportunity of displaying a considerable knowledge of Oriental literature. There is much excellent ridicule bestowed upon the translations and imitations from the Persian which have appeared in the course of the last fifty years.-Article II. is a review of Bourrienne. The critic labours strongly to throw discredit upon the statements of his author; but this he does merely by means of anonymous counterstatements; at times only by opposed conjectures. It is a clever but a hasty and inaccurate piece of special pleading. -Article III. is a review of the first American edition of a classic-Professor Anton's Horace. The subject, author, and editor, are treated in a masterly style-in fact, we consider this article the best in the number. It is composed, too, in a spirit of the most perfect fair

ness.

The work criticised seems, although not exempted from defects, one that will do credit to America.-Article IV. is the best, because the most severe, denunciation of Mr Bulmer's novels that we have seen.-Article V. is devoted to a defence of the veracity of John Tanner, who has lately published a Narrative of his Thirty Years' Captivity among the Indians of North America. The writer makes out a good case for his friend.-Article VI. is an essay upon the present state of the American drama, which does not seem, any more than our own. to be in a very flourishing condition.—There are four other articles, but rather too political and polemical in their character to fall under our notice.

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The plan embraces three several departments. In the first, we have general discussions on the most important educational institutions at home and abroad, with accounts of their constitution and methods of procedure. The leading article on Oxford is perhaps not a very good sample of what is intended in this department. It commences with an expression of admiration that so little is known, even in England, about the character of that University; and yet it leaves us without any farther instruction in the matter, but only with some very tolerable remarks on the uses of endowments for education. We have next rather a trite account of the parochial school system as it is found in Scotland, Silesia, and the United States. The articles on Education in Rome, the Polytechnic School of Paris, and Education in the Ionian Islands, come much nearer to what the Society appear to have aimed at as the essence of their undertaking. There is, to us at least, and to the reading public in general, a good deal of novelty in these statements,—which are the more satisfactory as apparently proceeding from writers locally conversant with what they describe. The practice of the Polytechnic School is thus stated: "The whole is directed, under the authority of the minister of war, by a governor and sub-governor. The discipline is military. The students are admitted according to their places in examinations held in the different departments, usually in August. The candidates are required to know,-I. Arithmetic, with Logarithms, &c.; 2. Geometry, Plane and Solid, as far as the properties of Spherical Triangles; 3. Algebra, as far as the theory of Equations, inclusive; 4. Plane Trigonometry; 5. Statics, the proportions being synthetically demonstrated and applied to the more simple machines; 6. the Algebraical succession of lines of the first and second degrees; 7. the application of Logarithmic Tables to the solution of Triangles; 8. Latin enough to translate a simple author, and French composition; 9. Drawing. They must also be able to construct the mere simple propositions of descriptive geometry. These are also obligatory; but regard is also paid to a candidate's knowledge of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry. The yearly payment is 1000 francs, or L.40 sterling, and each pupil is required to bring with him a uniform, linen, &c., to the amount of about L.30. The ordinary time of remaining in school is about two years; some, are allowed to remain three years, but never more."

however,

The second part consists of reviews of books used in schools and colleges. This is meant to make amends in some degree for the neglect of that part of their plan in which the Society were to have attempted a complete improvement of all books used in education. They formerly spoke lightly of every sort of school book in this language. Surely they had not seen Dr Thomson's series-admirable in all respects, unless the Society might object to their religion, and their frequent reference to Scripture themes. The last part of the Journal is ovenpied with short notices of the state of education in diferent countries, the plans for promoting it, aud, in general,

1

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The

with the whole series of educational statistics.
number, on the whole, is not unworthy of the powerful
Society from which it proceeds-abounding in important
and varied information, and really in all respects well
adapted to the object which the Society has in view.

There is a problem of some interest-and which we may hereafter investigate-involved in the fact, of no educational journal ever having appeared in this country till the present time. Germany and France, and even =America, have long preceded us in this. Is it because the people of these countries stood more in need of the excitement and the exhortations of such a journal to This might betake themselves to the task of education?

pavement, chalking out a figure on horseback, while two grave seniors look on with mingled sympathy and wonder.

Mothers and Daughters; A Tale of the Year 1830. In three vols. London. Colburn and Bentley.

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OUR knowledge of the fashionable novel is becoming daily more accurate. For a long time, the cultivators of this branch of natural history were impressed with the belief that the order consisted only of one numerous species. More minute microscopical investigation has at last enabled us to divide it into two. There are fashionable novels composed by members of the privileged classes have been the case in France; for there, we believe, the they attempt to describe; and there are fashionable nojournal is under the superintendence, and conducted at the expense, of government; and the extent of ignorance. vels composed by the contributors to the Court Journal. The characteristic distinction of the former is dulness; We are in the elementary branches throughout the finest proThe of the latter, heartless profligacy or affectation. I vinces of that country is said to be incredible. rather at a loss under which class to rank "Mothers and Journal d'Education might have been addressed to the Daughters." It is too clever to be written by a noblegeneral apathy about education. But what variety has man, and too respectable to emanate from the other quarnot been attempted in the enterprising literature of GerWe should not much wonder to discover that it many, under governments which throw no obstacles, in any form, in the way of literary publications! A journal belonged to a new and hitherto undescribed species. We of education is there a very marketable commodity. It intend, however, some of these days, to examine it accordis so likewise in America; both because the publicationing to the rules laid down by Mr Witham, in his book

is cheap, and because the people are unaffectedly interested in its objects. If, in our own country, a journal of education has been deemed unnecessary, it is not perhaps on account of the palmy state in which education has ever prevailed amongst us; but because there seems to be a general feeling that education will, without any such monitor, gradually work out its own ends, under the stirring examples perhaps of individuals everywhere rising in society through the advantages they have derived from it. We are not fond of allowing philosophy to tamper much with affairs of practice, however much this constitutional bias may appear to have yielded of late in some things; and, among the rest, theories of education are too apt to be considered as empirical. We rejoice, therefore, to see this useful journal in the hands of a Society able to conduct it in the ablest manner, whether there be much popular demand for it or not.

Six Etchings. By W. Geikie. Edinburgh: Henry Constable. London: Moon, Boys, and Graves. Two sets of etchings, under the above denomination, are at present upon our table. Our Edinburgh readers do not require to be told who the artist is, or what he is capable of performing. Nature has almost made amends to Mr Geikie for denying him the power of speech, by the accurate and instinctive talent she has given him of seizing and representing the most minute differences of form and expression. In the matter of colouring he is rather deficient so much so that we have at times been tempted to fancy there might be some mysterious connexion between that organ which is susceptible of the harmony of sounds, and that which perceives what we, with no very violent metaphor, are accustomed to call the harmony of colours. In his etchings, however, we feel no defect-they are well grouped, full of humour, and true to nature. They will tell to after ages what sort of beings thronged the streets of Edinburgh in our day. "The Shoe-stand" is a leaf stolen from nature's own book." The Street Auctioneer"—not so good as a whole contains many excellent figures. The Illustrations of Tam O'Shanter are not particularly happy; but "The Jolly Beggars" (and particularly the old BalladWe have said that there is much singer) are excellent. humour in these sketches-perhaps too much exclusive humour. The figure of the little boy, however, who is listening so attentively, in "The Blind Fiddler," evinces a finer perception. There is something extremely touching in the picture of the boy-artist recumbent on the

ter.

upon fossil plants, and if we make any discoveries, our readers shall hear of them. Meanwhile, one and all of them may rest assured that there are worse books for a long evening than " Mothers and Daughters."

Dr Lardner's Cabinet Library: Memoirs of the Life and Reign of George IV. Vol. I. London: Longman and Co. 1831.

WE last week deferred our review of this work, intending to have discussed both the book and its hero at some length. Upon more mature reflection, however, we are of opinion that this task had better be postponed, until the whole of these Memoirs are upon our table. It is, however, but justice to say of them, that with many deficiencies the author neither has, nor indeed (to do him justice) pretends to exclusive sources of information -and tinged not unfrequently with an undue spirit of bitterness they contain the best and fairest account of our late king that has yet been published. They are the work of a man of superior talents.

MUSIC.

Harmonicon for February, 1831.

THE Harmonicon has now existed for upwards of eight years, and has, in many respects, contributed much to the diffusion of musical information, and to the exciteOur limits ment of musical enquiry in Great Britain. forbid any examination of the positive or comparative merits of a work now so voluminous, and oblige us to confine ourselves to a slight survey of the number at present before us.

Article J. (from Mr Fétis's Revue Musical) consists of two interesting notices of the late C. S. Catel and P. Rode. In the notice of the former, we observe some things that do not exactly accord with our opinions; but have no room to discuss them here. However, we may state, that, to several persons who have asked us to recommend to them some short treatise whence they might learn something of the elements of musical harmony, we have always said, "We do not know of any short treatise that will serve your purpose so well as Catel's, although he has neglected to teach the management of harmony in two parts, before treating of harmony in three and four parts.-Article II. is a useful addition to the musical history of England. We find in it, twice, the word countra-tenor, which we do not approve of,

because it is neither English, nor Italian, nor French.Article III.,." On Harps." We care not if all the harps in the world were made into one bonfire on the top of Arthur's seat. Meantime, they serve some ends, in showing off attitudes, and hands, and arms.-Article IV. We recommend public attention to this, "On the formation of a Musical Library;" an expansion, by Fétis, of Dr Burney's Sketch.

Passing over other articles for the present, we may just stop to mention, that the story (p. 45-6) of the effect of music upon the Sultan, reminds us of an old story once current in Edinburgh. An honest Scotch farmer was carried, for the first time in his life, by some of his town friends, to a grand concert. The music went on for a considerable time, and the farmer seemed all attention. His friends looked eagerly at him, in expectation of his delighted and unqualified approval. At last, still staring intently at the performers, he yawned out, in a most desponding tone, "Hech, sirs! but thae folk's unco lang o' tunin' their fiddles!"

We now pass on to the music printed in this number of the Harmonicon.

With regard to Rossini's overture, there is nothing new in it. The Swedish air (p. 27, et seq.) will be found melody, symphonies, and accompaniments, and in the same key-in No. 2 of Moore and Bishop's Selection of National Melodies, (p. 69, et seq.) to the words, "My Harp has one unchanging theme," published some years ago. The Harmonicon states it to be "now first printed here." We do not understand this mystery. The beautiful Irish air, "Peggy Bawn," (p. 32,) is altered from the original much for the worse. In the piece by Bellini, who is a clever young artist, there are several misprinted notes, as there are in some other places of this number. At p. 37 there is a passage that belongs to Beethoven. Bellini has altered it from legato to stoccato, and made some other slight changes. The " Alpine Melody" is as common as boiled tripe, and just as piquant worse than the celebrated" Crambe Repetita." The two Vienna Ländler do not possess any novelty, or peculiar merit. We shall only add a few general remarks on London musical taste and fashion, by way of coda.

There has been, and there is yet, too strong a tendency to persecute all those monstrous schismatics and nonconformists who do not, "with meek-submitted thought," bend the lowly knee in worship of the Taurus constellation of musical critics and composers. Witness the case of Mr Fétis. But he was a Frenchman, and that was enough. No Frenchman could ever yet utter any thing that sounded like common sense or instruction, to the ears of a thorough-bred John Bull. We hope that the young generation of Bulls may learn to see things in a different light. Sister Peg, poor woman, has long learned to do so.

Our musical reading has, perhaps unluckily for us, disqualified us from perceiving that novelty, and that originality which are so copiously discovered by others in many modern compositions, and which cause so much wonder and astonishment. We are sorry to say, that our experience in musical matters has taught us, every day more and more, the truth of a certain venerable remark, that "there is nothing new under the sun!"

If the wild extravagant crudities of certain modern Italian and German composers, who are "all the rage," are admired by our neighbours as the very perfection of musical genius and art, as amazing specimens of novelty, beauty, and originality, we cannot help it. We are not of their opinion. Mais, chacun à son goût!

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which returns to its givers in the shape of a shower of damp "blacks," that settle on the noses and movable shirt-collars of a puffing public, there to remain till soap and sooty water wash them into the omniferous stream of the Thames.

The music of modern times that is most greedily swallowed by an "all-discerning public," always reminds us of a certain extraordinary compound, called " The Haggis of Dunbar." It is not described in Kitchiner or in Meg Dods. The admirers of rich and rare novelties may, if they like, compound it to their taste from the original printed" Peptic Recipe."

MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.

A FLOOD OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
By John J. Audubon.

MANY of our larger streams, such as the Mississippi, the Ohio, the Illinois, the Arkansas, and the Red River, exhibit, at certain seasons, the most extensive overflowings of their waters, to which the name of floods is more appropriate than the term freshets, usually applied to the sudden risings of smaller streams. If we consider the vast extent of country through which an inland navigation is afforded by the never-failing supply of water furnished by these wonderful rivers, we cannot suppose them exceeded in magnitude by any other in the known world. It will easily be imagined what a wonderful spectacle must present itself to the eye of the traveller who, for the first time, views the enormous mass of waters, collected from the vast central regions of our continent, booming along, turbid and swollen to overflowing, in the broad channels of the Mississippi and Ohio, the latter of which has a course of more than a thousand miles, and the former of several thousands.

To give you some idea of a Booming Flood of these gigantic streams, it is necessary to state the causes which give rise to it. These are, the sudden melting of the snows on the mountains, and heavy rains continued for several weeks. When it happens that, during a severe winter, the Alleghany Mountains have been covered with snow to the depth of several feet, and the accumulated mass has remained unmelted for a length of time, the materials of a flood are thus prepared. It now and then happens that the winter is hurried off by a sudden increase of temperature, when the accumulated snows melt away simultaneously over the whole country, and the southeasterly wind which then usually blows, brings along with it a continued fall of heavy rain, which, mingling with the dissolving snow, deluges the alluvial portions of the western country, filling up the rivulets, ravines, creeks, and small rivers. These, delivering their waters to the great streams, cause the latter not merely to rise to a surprising height, but to overflow their banks, wherever the land is low. On such occasions, the Ohio itself presents a splendid, and, at the same time, an appalling spectacle; but when its waters mingle with those of the Mississippi, then, kind reader, is the time to view an American flood in all its astonishing magnificence.

At the foot of the Falls of the Ohio, the water has been known to rise upwards of sixty feet above its lowest level. The river, at this point, has already run a course of nearly seven hundred miles, from its origin at Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania, during which it has received the waters of its numberless tributaries, and overflowing all the bottom-lands or valleys, has swept along the fences and dwellings which have been unable to resist its vio

We observe every day, (with our peculiar admiration,) old musical things published as new, without exciting the slightest suspicion of their antiquity in the minds of This powerful and graphic description of the periodical floods many of our musical friends. On the contrary, their Ornithological Work-a book invaluable to the naturalist for its of the Mississippi, forms a part of Mr Audubon's forthcoming new beauties and their originality are lauded to the very faithful delineations,-to the general reader, for the tone of enthu topmost height of a London smoke-sky. The vast fuli-siasm which pervades it. The reader will also find this paper alluded to in this day's report of the last meeting of the Wernerginous cloud is saturated with the breath of that praise ian Society.

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