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Songs of the Ark; with other Poems. By Henry S.
Riddell. 12mo. Pp. 336. Edinburgh: William
Black wood. London: T. Cadell. 1831.

THE mocking-bird, we are told by naturalists, has no notes of its own, but imitates felicitously those of every other feathered vocalist. There are an immense number of mocking birds among the "sweet singers" of our day. The writings of this class of the great natural family of poets remind us of an opera by Bishop-pretty in its general effect, but with almost every successive passage reminding us of a different composer. In perusing their well-turned couplets, we are continually tempted to saythat's Moore, that turn is Coleridge all over, these are Scott's octosyllables. The poetry of a mocking-bird is of that kind which constitutes nice light summer reading for young ladies. It is always musical, and never overburdened with meaning. It is like the drowsy and monotonous hum of gnats in a summer evening. It might be read with great pleasure and delight by the dwellers in Thomson's Castle of Indolence.

Mr Riddell is a mocking-bird-an elegant and amiable one, and yet but a mocking-bird. We do not mean that he sits down with a deliberate and forethought felonious intent to perpetrate plagiarism,-that he is aware his versification as well as his thoughts are but the echoes of the poet's voices he has read ringing in his ears, after he has forgot the source they were derived from. We mean simply, that the native and unaided powers of Mr Riddell's mind never would have prompted or enabled him to build the lofty rhyme. But he has an ear capable of feeling pleasure in the jingle of versification; and, having some odd snatches of rhyme and metre stored up in his memory, he is enabled to string them into a plausible whole, which is his own in virtue of the arrangement and fitting of the different parts, although not one of them is original.

Even had our author possessed more originality of thought and versification, we should have objected to his writing of the subject he has attempted to grapple with, in the style he has done. There is an austerity about the simple grandeur of the primeval records of our race, unsusceptible of expression in that dancing and luscious verse, which is so well adapted to the butterfly passions and adventures of a vale of Cashmere. The destruction of a world-the simple grandeur of the rescued patriarchshave no alliance with" gushings" and" flushings," with "stealings" and "revealings." We cannot fancy the wife of Ham, sitting in the ark with a clairshach on her knee, singing such an Irish melody as the following:

"These ringlets yet are dark and long,

And the eye has lost not all its light,
Though it might not aye its tears among
Be all so blue and all so bright,

As yet it seem'd, ere the lily white
Had chased the shadow of the rose,

That they told (who told?)—if e'er they told aright-
Would on the cheek repose,

Ere this fading form had ceased to stand

Among the loveliest of the land."

The man who attempts to paint the deluge by introducing a young lady whimpering over the reminiscences of fancy balls, can have little of the deep and hallowed feeling of a poet about him. Noah's anthem seems to have been composed in emulation of Horace Smith's "FireKing."

"Even now, the strong barriers that girdled the deep
Are broken, and in the great strength of their tone,
The waves of destruction, unbounded in sweep,
Come rushing resistlessly on."

Even James Wilson, however, will admit the follow

ing "dainty device of the ladie and the crow" to be pret-
tily imagined:

"But Japheth's wife, so brisk of mood,
Amid the mountain's solitude,
With airy form and footstep light,
Pursued afar the raven's flight,
That she might gain a jewel gay,
Which, snatching, he had borne away;
Yet still as she, in hope, would gain
His resting-place, and search'd in vain,
Returning, he would near her perch,
And boldly aid that eager search;
And gledge and downward cast his eye,
And tear the mud and moss around,
As if he would with her outvie

In finding what could not be found."

The verse we are about to quote notices a curious fact respecting the effect of frost upon ashes—another proof of the author's conversance with natural history:

"Afar the mountain tops were seen,

But the wave-worn mountains were not green,
But grey as frozen ashes, when

The winter day is on the wane.",

It only remains to be noticed, that indifferent as our opinion of the merits of this poem is, it contains several passages that indicate higher powers than we should have, from its general tenor, inclined to give the author credit for possessing. Among these, is the impressive prelude to the deluge :

"When the secret council of the sky
Was spread in open light before their eye,

And from Jehovah's will the thought went forth,
That told through heaven the destiny of earth,
Emotion of inexplicable kind

Trembled afar through all created mind.

"The sinful sons of men in homes below
Own'd dark presentiments of coming woe,
As if had 'pear'd the shadow of the curse
That hung, to deepen, o'er the universe-
The arm, prepared to work the works of hell,
Shorn of its power, in palsied frailty fell;
And lips, that wont so fiercely to dispute
In words of blasphemy, grew pale and mute,
As startled looks, with wilder'd meaning fraught,
From heart to heart convey'd the sudden thought,
That from some dread, unalterable decree,
Unwonted doom had been, or soon should be;
Even nature show'd a strange and wild dismay,
As if her secret laws had roll'd astray.

"The azure sky, that scarce a cloud had known
Since first its glowing lamps in glory shone-
Since first, amid its airy regions hung,
The morning stars in joy together sung,
Began to mingle with its native blue,

A wildly sicken'd, melancholy hue,

Pale as the light that tampers with the gloom
Around the precincts of the whiten'd tomb,
When morn its earliest glimmering renews
Athwart the wild weeds and the churchyard dews."

This passage is far from perfect, but it contains germs of true poetical feeling.

Illustrations of British Ornithology. By Prideaux John
Selby, Esq., F.R.S. E., F. L. S., &c. Edinburgh:
W. H. Lizars. London: Longman and Co. Ele-
phant Folio. Letter-press Descriptions 8vo. Vol. I.
Pp. 335.

NATURAL HISTORY is an accumulation of facts, drawn

Ham's song, on the contrary, seems modelled upon the from the researches and observations of a variety of in

style of Tate and Brady.

"Then was the glow of fancy bright,

And all was fair and free,

And mortals had a deep delight

Upon the earth to be."

dividuals, who have devoted their attention to its multifarious departments. Every book, therefore, which has for its object the illustration of one of its divisions, is, when judiciously managed, a valuable acquisition to physical knowledge. Nothing so materially contributes to

task.

its advancement, as descriptions and representations of a
department—the productions, for example, of a particular
The splendid
country, district, or physical division.
book now before us is a work of this kind.
We admire alike the splendour of the undertaking, and
the perseverance of the man who has executed so arduous a
During the short period which has elapsed since
the commencement of these Illustrations, their indefati-
gable author has drawn from nature, etched on copper
with his own hand, and described, no less than one hun-
dred and eighty-six elephant folio plates, containing the
whole of our British birds, (frequently the male, female,
and young,) and most of our occasional visitants. Every
bird is the size of nature, except such as are too large to
come within the range of his paper. About half-a-dozen
birds have been contributed by Captain Mitford, R. N.
The first volume comprehends the land, the second the
water birds of Britain. Of the latter series, the 9th
Part has just appeared, and with it an announcement,
that the work will be completed by the forthcoming
Number, consisting of twelve plates, which we under-
stand to be in a considerable state of advancement.

Here is an example of industry worthy of imitation. Mr Selby, possessed of an ample fortune, has avoided the frivolities which are but too often its concomitants.

While he has seen his friends both at home and abroad,
has enjoyed the occasional exercise of field-sports, has
been an active magistrate in Northumberland, and high
sheriff for the county, has travelled on the continent, and
visited every district of his native country, he has yet
found time to produce a work, which many might think
Besides
sufficient occupation for an ordinary lifetime.
this, he has, along with Sir William Jardine, published
several parts of a work on General Ornithology.

Mr Selby having drawn all his subjects from life, where it was practicable, his etchings have an air of reality in them which is geldom to be met with in drawings taken from stuffed specimens, however well set up. These plates, with one or two exceptions, are faithful pictures of the originals, the proportions of the different parts being well kept up, and the character of the feathering accurately delineated. Indeed, there is a felicity in Mr Selby's execution of some kinds of feathers, which we have never seen equalled in the most elaborate productions of engravers—namely, that freckling and clouding, exemplified in his owls, goatsucker, partridges, ptarmigans, and many of the duck tribe; there is, besides, in his general plumage an identity of texture, which at once conveys to the mind of the naturalist a genuine feeling of the real subject. The prevailing style of the etching is bold and free, without any appearance of irregularity or slovenli

ness.

Where delicate plumage is intended to be imitated, the etching is managed with great sweetness and clear

ness.

We must, however, remark, that in some instances Mr Selby's subjects are out of drawing. This is eminently the case in the feet of the rough-legged buzzard, plate 7th. The golden Orilole, male and female, we do not think good portraits; they are both too clumsy for the shape of that handsome bird. The feet of the male look as if they were pinned to the stump rather than grasping it. We would recommend Mr Selby to re-etch this plate, as it so ill accords with the others in his work.

The illustrations of the land birds are accompanied by an octavo volume, descriptive of the habits and generic and specific characters of the birds he has engraved, together with an extensive collection of synonymes, in which he has cleared up many errors into which preceding authors had fallen. In birds there is usually a considerable difference in the colour and general arrangement of the plumage of the sexes; and, almost invariably, very dissimilar changes take place while progressing from the callow to the adult state. This has given rise in ornithology to enumerations and descriptions of many species which do not actually exist. Where these differ.

ences are found to obtain, Mr Selby has figured the male, female, and young, of each species. In his descriptions, he has satisfactorily proved, that many arbitrarily established species, distinguished by various appellations, must be reduced to one; and as his opinions are formed upon personal observation, their accuracy may be relied upon. His situation in the country is favourable to ornithological pursuits, and he has embraced every opportunity with a praiseworthy zeal.

The arrangement followed by Mr Selby is that of Temminck, but he has differed from him in a few minor particulars; such as uniting the two orders Insectivores and Granivores of that author, under the designation of Passerine; retaining, however, the orders of Temminck, as sub-divisions of that which he has formed from the union. Mr Selby likewise differs from Temminck in his views regarding the occasional variation in the plumage of birds, which we shall give in his own words:

"In some cases, the male bird particularly is liable, though not to an actual change of feather, yet to a considerable variation either in colour or in brilliancy of hue on certain parts of the plumage at the season of pairing. This variation has been attributed by Temminck to the action of the air, and a gradual wearing away of the edges of the feather; but I am sorry to be compelled, from the result of long-continued observation, to dissent from the opinion of so eminent a naturalist. I am induced to consider the plumage to be so far an actual part of the living bird, as to be under the influence of such constitutional change as the bird may at any time experience, and such a change is strongly demonstrated at the season alluded to; witness its effects in the high degree of spirit frequently demonstrated, and in the superior song generally called forth at this particular period. That there is an invisible circulating fluid pervading the feather, appears from the striking difference in elasticity and brilliancy of colour between the feather of a bird whilst alive, and upon the same bird but a short time after death. In water birds, this principle of life in the feather (if I may be allowed the expression) is singu. larly apparent; as the plumage that is impervious to water upon the living bird is, almost immediately after death, permeable to it. There can be no reason, then, why the feather may not be influenced by the constitutional state of the bird; and as that is in its highest degree of vigour imme diately previous to the season of propagation, why may not such vigour be exhibited to the very extreme points of the circulating medium, by a partial variation of colour, or an increased lustre of tone in the former hue of the feather? It is not fanciful, for it has been established as a maxim in pathology, that the state of health may, in man, be ascer tained by the occasional flaccidity or crispness of the hair; and have we not repeatedly met with well-authenticated instances of great and sudden changes having taken place in its colour, under strong mental affections, acting only, of course, through the organic structure of the body ?"

The plates are coloured by Mr W. H. Lizars, with that beauty and skill which generally characterise his works in this department of art.

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THIS is a sensible and well-written book. traordinary attempt of the person whose life and practices it exposes, to obtain a peerage and estate by the aid of suborned witnesses and forged documents, is more like a story which one is accustomed to meet in a romance, than a piece of authentic biography. The work now before us will possess an interest for those districts of Scotland and Ireland, in which John Lindsay Crawfurd played his desperate game; and we are much mistaken if the extraordinary nature of his story do not attract

binations has ceased to perplex the memory; for by the genius of Dalton, by the zeal and industry of Berzelius, and by the aid of other distinguished coadjutors, it has been reduced to rule; and the numerous mass of facts regarding combination, which are now known, are more easily embraced by the memory, than the scanty and illdetermined quantity which was known fifty years ago. Thus has this wonderful science gone on, encountering difficulties, removing errors, discovering truth; and, instead of being ready to fall under the weight of its discoveries, it seems only to be acquiring new vigour.

But if the memory has been thus relieved by the discovery of new doctrines, it has been far otherwise in the practical application of chemical knowledge. The processes of chemistry have been greatly simplified and improved; but still the objects to which chemical manipulation is applied, have become greatly more numerous, and consequently that knowledge of detail, which alone can make the practical chemist, is more than ever a desideratum. Every work, therefore, like that now before us, we hail as a valuable acquisition to the science.

the attention of a wider public. The natural talents and address of a man who, with little education, could invent a story which misled many persons of fair average sagacity, and deport himself so as to win their esteem, must have been of no common order. The misdirection of a mind such as his, and those of one or two of his coadjutors, is another of the many clamorous facts directing the attention of the nation towards Irish education. There is a moral as well as an intellectual education requisite for every people: the one is the business of the clergyman, the other of the schoolmaster. The manner in which the two offices have been allied in Scotland has produced the happiest effects. In Ireland they have generally been placed in inimical relations. The poor hedge schoolmaster, adventuring at his own risk to communicate his little knowledge to his countrymen, was the natural enemy of a well-paid, haughty, non-resident priest, of an alien faith. Placed almost without the pale of society, as recognised by the wealthy and influential of the land, he was but too apt to lose self-respect, and with it sound moral feeling. He put the strong engine of knowledge into the hands of his pupils, but without the To enter into a minute examination of its merits, would only check that can render its possession safe-high moral be foreign to the objects of this Journal. Yet, having principle. They were taught that "cuteness and larn- examined it with considerable care, we venture to give a ing" would make them rise in the world; but moral short account of its plan. It possesses the great merit, as delinquency was not held up to reprobation, and its a practical work, of proceeding to business at once; and slighter grades were even laughingly encouraged. There beginning in that manner which is easiest to the student was no help against this in the established clergyman, desirous of information. The work is divided into two upon whom the peasantry had been taught to look with parts; the first, consisting of 200 pages, treats of qualisuspicion there was but too seldom in the Catholic tative analysis, (or detecting the presence of substances); priest, dependent upon his flock, and more anxious for the second, consisting of 450 pages, treats of quantitative its love than its respect. The fruits of such a system analysis, (or ascertaining the quantities of substances prehave been tasted in this country-not alone in rare in- sent); this part is subdivided into three sections. The stances of grand and ambitious profligacy, like that which author, having selected nine acids and twenty-five bases, has suggested this remark. The medium between man (in both cases such as are most likely to be met in pracand man, our currency, has been rendered eminently tice,) he first gives rules for detecting any of these in insecure by it. The most frequent crime which engages combination, on the supposition that the substance under the attention of our Scottish criminal judges, in the cir- examination is a pure salt, consisting of one of the given cuits held on the western side of the island, is that of acids, and one of the given bases. He next gives rules vending or passing forged notes. For years it has been on the supposition that several of the acids and bases are thus. In almost every instance, the notes have been mixed; and, lastly, he gives particular rules for applying found to be imported from Ireland. In short, it is evi- all the known discriminative tests, with a view to ascerdent that there is in that country a regular and systematic tain all the principal acids and bases. The instructions establishment for the manufacture of base money. Let given under this last head, are intended to verify more those who are not moved by the sufferings and degrada- particularly the conclusions which might be drawn from tion of a naturally generous people, remember this. Let the experiments taught under the two former. them think of their own interest, if higher motives will not move them. Royal and Parliamentary Commissioners have been investigating this matter year after year—they have accumulated proof where it was not wanted-they have demonstrated axioms, but they have done nothing. Longer delay will be fatal. But let it be remembered, that the remedy must be searching and complete, as it must be suddenly applied. The blow must be struck at the very root of the evil. A Manual of Analytical Chemistry. Professor of Chemistry at Berlin. the German. By John Griffin. Tegg. 1831.

By Henry Rose,
Translated from
8vo. London.

AMONGST the sciences which have been so assiduously cultivated in our day, chemistry still stands pre-eminent, both for the surprising nature of its discoveries, and for its rapid progress. During the last twenty years, it is perhaps not too much to say, that a greater amount of accurate and conclusive experiments has been performed in chemical research, than was ever before performed in the whole body of the experimental sciences. The consequent accumulation of facts has been wonderful; but the systematic use which has been made of them has prevented their becoming a burden to the memory. On looking at the objects of chemical analysis, we are startled by their variety; but the investigations of chemistry have succeeded in reducing them to about fifty different substances variously combined. Even the variety of com

The arrangement, in treating of quantitative analysis, is exceedingly simple. The author gives a section to each of the simple substances, with the exception of oxygen. In treating of the first substance in his list, he speaks of the method of ascertaining the quantity of it contained in its compounds; in treating of the second substance, he does the same, and adds how to ascertain the quantity of the first and second when they occur together; in treating of the third, he likewise embraces the first and second, and so on; thus exhausting all the possible intermixtures.

Of the execution of this work, we cannot express our opinion truly, without expressing ourselves strongly. No volume, published in English in the present century, is better adapted to the diffusion of chemical knowledge; not that the work contains discoveries before unpublished or unknown, but, in this country at least, the knowledge of them has been confined to a few individuals; and, therefore, the great mass of chemical students will find in it the information which for them must have the interest and value of originality.

The Show Folks. By Pierce Egan, Author of "Life in London." Embellished with fine characteristic designs on wood, by the late Mr Theodore Lane, and engraved by Mr John Thompson. To which is added, A Biographical Sketch of the Life of Mr Theodore Lane. London. M. Arnold. 1831.

THE late Mr Theodore Lane was born in 1800, in the

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neighbourhood of London. His father, a teacher of drawing, having been rendered incapable of pursuing his profession by repeated and severe attacks of the gout and rheumatism, the boy was, in his fourteenth year, apprenticed to Mr Barrow, a colourer of prints at Battlebridge. During his apprenticeship, some of his sketches attracted the attention of his master, who encouraged him to proceed, and kindly and judiciously instructed him. He first introduced himself to public notice in that department of art to which the talents of George Cruikshank have given so much popularity. He aimed, however, at something higher, and contributed to more than one of the London exhibitions oil-paintings of distinguished merit. His career was suddenly terminated by a fall from the roof of the horse-bazaar in Manchester Street, -Gray's Inn Lane, while engaged in taking a sketch.

Mr Lane's best picture is his "An Hour before the Duel." A man, apparently about thirty years of age, is sitting in an apartment partly lighted by an expiring taper -partly by the first cold grey light of morning. By the quantity of papers which he has been arranging, and by the general appearance of the chamber, he must be a man in affluent circumstances. He is gazing on a miniature, and grasps with one hand convulsively and unconsciously the weapon he soon must use. The fearful expression of struggling reluctance and pride in his countenance is heightened by the accessories-the feeling of discomfort obtruding into the lap of luxury. His "Enthusiast" is a picture of quite a different character: humorous to the borders of burlesque, but still evincing high talent. An old gouty gentleman, his legs swathed in flannels, sits beside a table, on which are arranged cordials and nostrums of every description. He is a brother of the angle, and, unable to gratify his longings abroad, has a tubful of perch and dace brought into his chamber. His rod and tackle are in order, and a huge fellow is just nibbling at the bait. The ecstasy in the old boy's countenance is

ineffable.

There is intense melancholy in the contemplation of Lane's career. Possessed of such varied talent, he had just overcome those difficulties which, crowding around young genius, are the truest test of its reality;—he was cut off without a warning. He had no time to produce any work likely to command the admiration of posterity; and his only eulogiums have been a begging advertisement for his destitute widow and children, and a flippant and heartless sketch of his life by the low historian of the turf and the ring, dedicated to Sir Martin Shee, as if to complete the medley, by reminding us how well cabal and paltry jealousy had succeeded in making the members of the Royal Academy degrade their profession, by adorning with the highest honours they could bestow, one who, whatever other merits he might possess as an artist, was nobody. 'Tis a strange world we live in!

"Why is fishing for whitebait in the Thames illegal? "Because they float with the tide, and are taken against the stream.'

Our domestic Socrates is equally at home in the mysteries of zoology.

"Why do carnivorous animals prey on those which derive their food from the vegetable kingdom? "Because the food of all animals is derived mediately or immediately from vegetables.

"Why is fox-hunting still kept up in England? "Because the breed is not extinct.' ท

Let us now hear a specimen of his antiquarian lore. "Why is an allowance to ladies called pin-money? "Because pins were acceptable new-year's gifts to ladies, instead of the wooden skewer they used till the end of the fifteenth century.

"Why is a chief magistrate called a mayor?

"Because of its derivation from the Teutonic meyer, a lover of might!

"Why are mint and sugar a general sauce for lamb? "Because the Jews contrived to diminish the bitter flavour of the tansy, by making it into a sauce for their paschal lamb."

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The Royal Register, Genealogical and Historic, for 1831. By Peter Joseph Burke. London. Jennings and Chaplin.

little more than a translation of the Almanac de Gotha. THIS book is, notwithstanding the caveat in the preface, The author, it is true, alleges that he is indebted to the German for little more than the idea of the historic outline of the Sovereign Houses of Europe. This is strange enough; for we have not been able to find an idea in it. The book is, however, a useful one, and very elegantly the Sovereign Princes of Europe, in alphabetical order, got up. It is divided into four parts. The first embraces with all the living members of their respective families. The second, the Princes not invested with sovereign power, with the members of their families, also alphabetically arranged. The third, the Ministers of State of, and the Corps Diplomatic at, the different courts of Europe. The fourth, the commencement of an historie outline of the Sovereign Houses of Europe, which shall be continued in the ensuing annual volumes. These changeful times are, however, sad enemies to a work of this kind. Since the compilation of the materials for 1831, the article respecting the Netherlands has become matter of history; so far as Belgium is concerned, it refers to a state of things no longer in existence."

66

Knowledge for the People; or, the Plain Why and Because. By John Timbs, Editor of "Laconics," "Arcana of Science and Art," &c. Parts 1, 2, 3, 4. The Didoniad; a Semi-Virgilian Nautic Epic, in Nine London 1831.

S. Low. Edinburgh: Henry Constable.

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Cantos. Edited by Paul Heidiger, Esq. late Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. 12mo. Pp. 278. Edinburgh Henry Constable. London: Hurst, Chance,

and Co. 1831.

We have carefully perused these nine mortal cantos, (we hereby promise a reward of £10 sterling to any person who shall bring a certificate from the minister and two elders of his parish that he has had perseverance to do as much,) but have been unable to discover either their wit or meaning. The author has evidently read much, but he has mistaken his forte. and some of his remarks indicate sense and shrewdness,

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MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.

DR LLACAYO'S LECTURE ON THE SPANISH
GUITAR.

Or all modern instruments, the guitar is most intimately endeared to our social feelings. It forms such an admirable accompaniment to the voice; it is so portable and adapted for every situation. It is carried without

trouble to the rustic feast, beneath the tall rock, or the shadow of embowering trees; and it does not, like another favourite of ours, oblige the fair singer to leave the

table in the hall-there is room there both for her and it. On such occasions it not unfrequently affords as rich a treat to the eye as to the ear. We have seen a living picture, which would defy the skill of our best artistsa fair girl seen behind her guitar, one hand raised to its upper extremity, the other bent across her body and resting on the chords, her face half-raised, as if her blue eyes were striving to follow the giddy meanderings of notes, rich and liquid as themselves. Nay, so identified has the guitar become with the social re-unions of friends,

that you may observe in most of its melodies, at least in those which have accompanied it from its parent land—– the sun-burnt Spain-a somewhat abrupt transition, leaving the hearer anxious for a repetition of the strain. They are not, like most other melodies, wound up in a satisfactory close, but cease abruptly and at once, producing the same effect upon the ear as a small sip of wine upon the palate. The guitar is transferred to another hand as instinctively as we fill up another glass.

Of all modern instruments, the guitar is most thickly clustered with pleasing and poetical associations. Its tones its very name calls up the remembrance of the swart Moor and the proud Castilian-of Venice and her serenades of the sunny damsels of the South. And ever and anon, the merry imp Scipio nods laughingly to us amid these stately and graceful forms-just as he did when in a prattling mood he deprived his liege lord Gil Blas of his siesta. But above all does the guitar remind us of the days, long long ago, when we sat in the time of vintage amid the vineyards which overhang the "broad blue Rhine," and heard a fair-haired German sing of the water-spirit whose excelling loveliness lured the amorous fisherman to plunge beneath the waters or of the old King of Thule's enduring love-tush! We must break off, or our editorial starchness will dissolve in one melting glow of tender reminiscences.

We have said enough to convince the reader that we have good reason to love this little instrument, in which there is so "much exquisite music"-we hope enough to convert them to our views, if indeed they possibly could entertain any others. It was with no common pleasure, they may believe us, that we saw our chivalrous friend Llacayo-from whose finger-tips music ripples as from her native fountain-whose free-born spirit rendered him too dangerous a neighbour to be endured by the dark power to whom it has been given for a time to brood over his native Spain-stand forth as the propagator of musical tenets akin to our own. There was something extremely novel and pleasing in the idea of lectures upon the merits of an instrument, accompanied by specimens of its capabilities, by one who was admitted on all hands to be one of its greatest masters. The first of these lectures, delivered in the Hopetoun Rooms last Saturday, was a rich treat to the lovers of music-to the beautiful and the noble who gathered to hear it.

old compositions, he continued, have been handed down to us by such imperfect means, that they afford us but a feeble notion of the charms they are alleged to have possessed. It is since the commencement of this century that a method has been invented of committing to paper the distinct parts of a piece of music for the guitar. The honour of this invention is due to Señors Merets and Sor; and already many writers and performers, by adopting their principles, have added largely to our stores of guitar music.

To Sor, in particular, Dr Llacayo paid a very high compliment; since, but for his invention, we might yet have wanted a proper system of musical notation for the guitar. Sor was a perfect master of the instrument at the age of eighteen. He was able, at that early period," to perform pieces in three and four distinct parts. It does not appear that he had any presentiment of the improvements of which the guitar is susceptible. Dr Llacayo next adverted to Giuliani, the celebrated Italian professor, whose style of composition he characterised as more graceful, but less deep than that of Sor. Of Cavalli's music, he remarked, that it was deficient in har

mony, and that its melody evinced a mind more learned than susceptible of beauty. He concluded this part of his lecture with a brief recapitulation of some minor composers, an acquaintance with whose works he recommended to all who were desirous of mastering the instru

ment.

Dr Llacayo illustrated his history of the guitar, and his review of the merits of the different composers and performers, by upwards of twenty songs and thirty pieces, amongst which were two overtures and a fantasia of his own composition. In truth, beauty, and spirit, we have never heard any thing equal to his performance.

THE WALCHEREN EXPEDITION. By a Medical Officer.

ON BOARD SHIP,

WHEN day broke on the morning of the 29th of July, the low shores of Holland were visible to the naked eye. We continued to run down the coast towards the north till about mid-day, when we lay to for a short time. We shortly afterwards bore away towards Flushing. The appearance of the coast was extremely sterile. held on our way among the sand-banks, we remarked on shore at times scattered houses, at others all villages, or small towns. In the evening a large fleet appeared at a distance, but was soon lost sight of again.

As we

Next day, (Sunday,) while lying off Blankenberg, our attention was early arrested by the manœuvres of a gunbrig, which was seen standing in pretty close to the shore, apparently for the purpose of reconnoitring. She was fired at several times from one of the enemy's batteries, but without any effect. About 6 o'clock P. M. we received a copy of the orders for our disembarkation, and the plan of attack. We found that we were to land 40 men in each ship-of-war's boat, every man carrying cooked provisions for two days, and one allowance of rum with three waters. It was arranged that the sixth brigade should land first. The fifth was to follow, and attack a different point, if the regiments first landed were successful, or to support them if they failed. This plan caused considerable disappointment, and excited some grumbling both among the officers and men of theth; for we had been led to believe that the post of honour was to be

ours.

Dr Llacayo commenced his lecture by endeavouring to On the morning of the 31st, however, we were all on prove that Spain was the native country of the guitar. the alert, and in high spirits. Great satisfaction was exIf we rightly understood him, he claimed for it an anti- pressed by the men, on being informed that they were to quity higher than that of the first Roman invasion. But land with their great-coats and haversacks only. At half the full force of his argument was directed against the past nine A. M. we weighed anchor, the transports consupposition, that the instrument was of Moorish origin-taining the sixth brigade taking the lead, and those on an opinion which he most satisfactorily disproved. The board of which we were, following in the wake of the

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