50 61 mella cava manant ex ilice, montibus altis gregem aestuosa torret impotentia. 53 Pluraque felices mirabimur, ut neque largis aquosus Eurus arva radat imbribus, exsilit ad caelum ramis felicibus arbos miraturque novas frondes et non sua poma. — pulla: i.e. fully ripe. 47. mella, etc.: for the skillful construction of this and the next verse see Intr. 131.- montibus: Intr. 70. 48. levis, etc.: the beauty of this verse, which has caught up some of the music of the brook itself, was remarked by Porphyrio. It is not, however, a merely ornamental addition to the description. A natural supply of water for man and beast in contrast with a parched country like Apulia, or with the artificial supply of the city, is a necessary part of the picture; cf. Ep. I. 10. 20 sq.- pede : a bold extension of the metaphor in desilit. Cf. Lucr. V. 272 qua via secta semel liquido pede labitur unda. 49. illic, etc.: the flocks and herds need no keeper to drive them or to guard them from danger. Cf. C. I. 17. 5 sqq. 50. refert, brings home.-tenta = distenta, 2. 46; Intr. 129. amicus: corresponding to iniussae, 49. 51. vespertinus: with adverbial force; cf. Ep. I. 6. 20 navus mane forum, vespertinus pete tectum. circum gemit: Intr. 115c. 52. intumescit: the action of the vipers is attributed to the ground, as where we say ' the place was swarming with ants' or the like. - alta: proleptic, with intumescit. 61, 62. This couplet is found in all the MSS. after vs. 60, where it is obviously out of place and interrupts the course of thought, which (from vs. 57 to the close of the poem) is of the immunity of the Happy Isles from corrupting human and moral influences. It must have stood originally somewhere before vs. 57, and has been misplaced in copying (see Crit. App.). 61. nullius: Intr. 1166.-astri: such as those mentioned, C. III. 29. 17 sqq. 62. aestuosa impotentia, furious heat, causing pestilence. Cf. Virg. G. III. 478 sqq. For impotentia, cf. impotens, C. I. 37. Ion, III. 30. 3; and for this application of it, III. 29. 18 sq. 53. ut, how, after mirabimur, as in C. III.4. 17 after mirum foret. - neque, etc. : the climate is temperate, free from extremes of storm and drouth. 54. aquosus: cf. udo Noto, 10. 55 pinguia nec siccis urantur semina glaebis, 60 utrumque rege temperante caelitum. Non huc Argoo contendit remige pinus, neque impudica Colchis intulit pedem ; non huc Sidonii torserunt cornua nautae, laboriosa nec cohors Ulixei : 63 Iuppiter illa piae secrevit litora genti, ut inquinavit aere tempus aureum; 65 aere, dehinc ferro duravit saecula, quorum piis secunda vate me datur fuga. 19n, pluvias Hyadas, Verg. A. III. 516; Intr. 125.- Eurus: cf. C. III. 17. 11.-radat: i.e. floods them and washes away the crops. 55. siccis: proleptic.—glaebis: Intr. 69. 56. utrumque: i.e. both excess of rain and drouth. — rege: Jupiter; see C. I. 1. 25n. 57. non huc, etc.: no man, not even the boldest navigator, has ever trodden the shores of this paradise; it has remained uncontaminated by the degeneracy which (largely through the corrupting influence of commerce) has spread over the rest of the world, - a bit of the Golden Age, set apart by Jove for his elect.-Argoo : cf. Etrusca, 4, and see 10. 12 n. — remige: used collectively (Intr. 127) and impersonally, like a body of troops, in the instrumental ablative (Madv. 254 Obs. 3). -pinus: for the ship; cf. C. I. 14. 11 Pontica pinus; Cat. 64. 1 Peliaco quondam prognatae vertice pinus | dicuntur liquidas Neptuni nasse per undas. 58. Colchis: Medea. 59. Sidonii: for the Phoenician traders in general. Intr. 1176. — torserunt cornua: i.e. directed their course; a paraphrase for the commonplace vela dare. The action expressed is that of swinging the yards into position. 60. laboriosa: the epithet belonging properly to Ulysses (ToλÚτλας, πολυτλήμων), is here transferred to his men. Cf. 17. 16, and see Intr. 124. 63. piae genti, for a righteous people, meaning the nation which the poet and his companions should found; cf. piis, 66. 64. inquinavit, alloyed. 65. aere: with duravit; for the anaphora, cf. arva 42 n. quorum, from which; objective genitive. The present is then with Horace, as with Hesiod, the age of iron. In Hesiod, however (Op. 109 sqq.), the iron age is the fifth, there being a silver age between the gold and the bronze, and a fourth, -the age of the heroes, not named after any metal, — preceding that of iron. The legend appears in various forms in other poets; see Mayor on Juv. 13. 30. 66. vate me, according to my prophecy. 5 XVII. Iam iam efficaci do manus scientiae, supplex et oro regna per Proserpinae, per et Dianae non movenda numina, per atque libros carminum valentium refixa caelo devocare sidera, Canidia, parce vocibus tandem sacris citumque retro solve, solve turbinem. XVII. Horace's muse fairly runs riot in this burlesque, in which he makes his final attack on Canidia. He represents himself as one of her victims, reduced to submission at last by her powerful art; and in his humble recantation and piteous appeal for mercy, as well as in Canidia's stern reply, he manages to reiterate, with telling irony, all his old charges against her. Our poet tempted fate in thus giving loose rein to his fancy; for this poem, sifted through learned brains, has come out a confession that he had been a veritable lover of the witch. See intr. note to Epode 5. Metre, 158. I. iam iam: Intr. 116 d. - do manus, surrender, as a vanquished soldier who throws down his arms and holds out his hands to be bound. 2. et, et, atque: Intr. 114.per: Intr. 115 a. : - non 3. Dianae see 5. 51n. She is here more distinctly identified with Hecate; cf. S. I. 8. 33. · movenda equivalent, according to Porphyrio, who is followed by modern editors, to non lacessenda, 'not to be provoked' (cf. III. 20. 1); but there is reason to think that Horace uses the phrase in the sense of inexorable, a standing attribute of the powers of the lower world; cf. C. II. 3. 24, 14. 6, 18. 34 sqq., etc. This use of moveo is common in such connection; cf. vs. 8, C. I. 21. 16, Verg. G. IV. 505 quo fletu manis, quae numina voce moveret? - numina : Intr. 128. 4. libros conjuring books, containing instructions and magic formulas.carminum: cf. 5. 72 n. 5. refixa proleptic, — dislodge and. Cf. Verg. A. V. 527 caelo ceu saepe refixa | transcurrunt crinemque volantia sidera ducunt. — devocare Intr. 94 n. 6. parce: cf. III. 14. 12 n. — vocibus sacris: a respectful expression, in accordance with the claims of sorcery, for the gibberish that accompanied the whirling of the turbo; see Lucian (quoted below). 7. citum best taken as a participle (proleptic) with retro, whirl backward and untwist; cf. 9. 20. — solve, solve (Intr. 116 d): in reference to the binding constraint which the whirling of the turbo was supposed to exert on the heart of the person sought to be influenced. Cf. Prop. IV. 6. 26 staminea rhombi ducitur ille rota; Ov. Am. I. 8. 7. turbinem: the Latin name for the magic rhomb (póußos), which was not, it seems, a real wheel ΙΟ 15 Movit nepotem Telephus Nereium, alitibus atque canibus homicidam Hectorem, but a small lozenge-shaped board (hence the name) attached by one end to a cord and whirled round to make a loud buzzing sound. It is so defined by Hesychius: guλńριον, οὗ ἐξῆπται σχοινίον, καὶ ἐν ταῖς τελεταῖς δινεῖται ἵνα ῥοιζῇ. The use of it to charm back a lover is described by Lucian, Dial. Meretr. 4. 5. εἶτα (ἡ γραῦς) ἐκ τοῦ κόλπου προκομίσασα ῥόμβον ἐπιστρέφει, ἐπι δήν τινα λέγουσα ἐπιτρόχῳ τῇ γλώτ τῇ, βαρβαρικὰ καὶ φρικώδη ὀνόματα. It is used in mystic rites among uncivilized peoples at the present day, and in Greece was no doubt a survival from ancestral barbarism. See Andrew Lang's Custom and Myth, pp. 29 sqq. 8. nepotem: Achilles, whose mother Thetis was the daughter of Nereus. - Telephus: king of Mysia and son-in-law of Priam. He resisted the Greeks in their invasion of the Troad, and was wounded by Achilles. Having been told by an oracle that he could be healed only by the rust of the spear which had made the wound, he was obliged to throw himself on the compassion of his enemy. II. luxere, etc.: i.e. Achilles was moved by pity to grant even his bitterest enemy honorable burial. Lugere is the term for formal mourning; cf. Liv. II. 7. 4 matronae annum ut parentem eum luxerunt. The reference is to the affecting scene in the Iliad, XXIV. 719 sqq., on Priam's return from the Greek camp with Hector's body. Iliae: Intr. 65. — addictum, etc.: by Achilles, as a consolation to Patroclus; cf. II. XXIII. 179 χαῖρέ μοι, ὦ Πάτροκλε, καὶ εἰν Αίδαο δόμοισιν, . Εκτορα δ ̓ οὔ τι | δώσω Πριαμίδην πυρὶ δαπτέμεν, ἀλλὰ κύνεσσιν. 12. homicidam: cf. "EKтopos ȧvdpopóvolo, II. XXIV. 724, and Andromache's proud words, ib. 737 sqq. 14. heu: the pathos lies in the humiliation of the powerful monarch, who placed himself at the mercy of his enemy (relictis moenibus; cf. Ilio relicto, C. I. 10. 14 n) and threw himself at his feet. pervicacis: implying that the appeal might well have seemed hopeless. Achillei: see C. I. 6. 7 n. 15. saetosa: when they were changed into swine. The story is told Odys. X. 135 sqq. — pellibus: ablative; see Gr. 225 d. 16. laboriosi, much afflicted; better taken here (in spite of 16. 60) with Vlixei, being the Latin equivalent of the Homeric πολύτλας, πολυτλήμων. volente Circa membra; tunc mens et sonus 20 amata nautis multum et institoribus. 25 30 nullum a labore me reclinat otium, Ergo negatum vincor ut credam miser, caputque Marsa dissilire nenia. Quid amplius vis? O mare et terra, ardeo 17. sonus: i.e. voice. 18. honor, grace, in contrast with the brutish form from which they emerged; cf. 11. 6, C. II. 11.9. 20. amata, etc.: a mock compliment, in which the poet's irony for the first time breaks through its disguise. multum : Intr. 49. -institoribus: see C. III. 6. 30 n. 21. fugit: see Intr. 77; both iuventas and color here combine to form one idea, the sensitive complexion of healthy youth. -- 22. reliquit, has left behind.. ossa, etc. cf. our 'nothing but skin and bones,' and Plaut. Capt. 135 ossa atque pellis sum miser macritudine. 23. albus, bleached.-odoribus: i.e. magic ointments; cf. 5. 59. 24. a labore reclinat: cf. the opposite expression, in aliquid incumbere. - labore, distress -otium: cf. C. II. 16. I n. 25. urget, etc. cf. truditur dies die, C. II. 18. 15.- neque, but ... est levare: Intr. 94 n. not. 29. Marsa: cf. 5. 76 n. — - dissilire, splits (with pain). This effect was believed to be produced, in a literal sense, on snakes; cf. Verg. E. 8. 71, Lucil. 512 Marsus colubras disrumpit cantu.-nenia: i.e. an incantation. The name suggests a slow crooning chant; cf. C. III. 28. 16 n. 30. o mare et terra: a common exclamation in every-day life, either in distress or in joy. Cf. Ter. Ad. 790 o caélum, o terra, o mária Neptuni! Plaut. Trin. 1070 mare terra caélum, di vostrám fidem! |