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National laws regarding the Garment Manufacturing business, and shall always co-operate with the proper authorities in the enforcement of such existing laws.

6. The Manufacturer shall also interest himself in all proposed legislation affecting the clothing industry, study its provisions, justice and fairness, and taking measures in connection with others to see that the best interest and welfare of the industry is safeguarded.

Section 7: Obligation to the Observance of the Code

1. Members of the International Association of Garment Manufacturers shall at all times seek to elevate the standards of the industry by practicing the ethical standards set forth in this Code and by their example inspiring others in the Industry to do likewise.

2. Each member who conducts his business so that his own honor will never be besmirched by his own act or omission, will aid in maintaining the honor of the entire Garment Manufacturing Industry.

3. The adoption of this Code by the International Association of Garment Manufacturers places an obligation on all its members to a sincere and faithful performance of the rules of conduct so set down.

CLOTHING, RETAIL

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RETAIL CLOTHIERS
AND FURNISHERS

Adopted Sep. 12, 1922:

CODE OF ETHICS

For the purpose of standardizing and giving uniformity to accepted ethical business methods, this declaration is published. It is what we conceive to be our duty toward all men with whom we deal; that an avowal of, and attachment for the progress of these principles, is required as a basis for membership in the National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers.

We admit that the corner-stone of Commerce is integrity; that the assets of any commercial institution consist of honesty and business character first-and after that, service and merchandise.

We hold paramount the truth that advertising is a covenant with the public; that the spoken or printed word is as binding on performance as an oath in a judicial tribunal, as sacred as the personal pledge.

It is our constant aim to so administer the affairs of this institution that individual service to the consumer is not diminished or minimized by reason of volume of trade; that interested, personal service, based on the needs and requirements of the individual, is our first duty and chiefest task.

Mutual exchange of confidence between buyer and seller is essential. We affirm that the history of any article of merchandise concealed beneath trade expressions or symbols (the meaning of which leads the buyer to form an opinion more favorable than would obtain without such disguise) is unfair to the buyer, and therefore contrary to our ethics.

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COAL, RETAIL

NATIONAL RETAIL COAL MERCHANTS ASSOCIATION

Adopted 1920; amended June 1921:

A DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Based on Public Service and Fair Practice upon which the organized Retail Coal Merchants Stand in the Conduct of Their Business.

The retail coal merchant is an economic necessity. He performs a public service, obtaining for his community fuel required for local domestic and industrial consumption, maintaining storage and delivery facilities commensurate with the community's needs. He is prepared, at any time, to meet the average expected peak of demand and to furnish to the best of his ability the kind and quantity of fuel needed. He is prepared to advise and serve consumers, to their mutual interest and advantage. As an organization, without attempt to dictate principles to govern the action of any individual, we declare that:

1. The business foundation of a successful coal merchant must be truth, honesty, courteous service, and fair dealing. Any individual merchant or aggregation of merchants falling short of this measure is undesirable as a member of this organization.

2. The retail coal merchant above described is entitled to the respect and confidence of his entire community, and the consideration and protection of his fellow business men.

3. He is entitled to a fair return on his investment of capital and service. We believe in open competition unrestricted by municipal or Government regulations. Retail prices must be based upon cost plus fair profit. We therefore favor individual determination of prices on the basis of mine price plus transportation charges plus cost of retailing plus a fair return on investment of capital and service, no more and no less. True cost of retailing should be ascertained by adequate modern methods. Towards the universal adoption of such methods we hereby pledge our organized efforts.

The merchant who stoops to take unfair advantage of consumers by profiteering in seasons of great demand, or in other emergencies, has no honorable place in the business world, and is hereby declared undesirable as a member of The National Retail Coal Merchants' Association and its affiliated associations.

4. Carload and cargo shipments direct to consumers, except such as have their own docks or sidings, are uneconomic, wasteful, and contrary to public interest. They reduce retail tonnage, proportionately increasing retail costs, therefore unavoidably increasing retail selling prices. They are unfair to the overwhelming majority of consumers, at whose expense a few are enabled to enjoy a small saving. The overwhelming majority includes those least able to stand the increased burdens.

The distribution of coal by individual plants to employees for home use is uneconomic and unfair for precisely the

same reasons.

As an organization, therefore, we shall use every logical argument and legitimate effort to protect retail coal merchants and the public from these unfair practices.

5. Freight rates on coal should represent only a fair charge for service rendered; wherever coal is bearing more than its proportion of the freight burden, we pledge ourselves to securing readjustment to a proportionate basis and uniformity of return for service rendered.

6. Loss or damage claims must be settled on fair principles, with due regard for legal liability of carriers. Uniformity of rules for settlement of claims is desirable from the standpoint of both the carriers and the retail coal merchants. Our effort shall be to bring about such uniformity as promptly as possible.

7. Improper preparation and sizing of coal by the producer is inexcusable, forcing upon the consumer the unnecessary expense of proper cleaning and sizing by the retail merchant. We demand that the producer ship coal properly cleaned and sized. according to requirements of the respective classes of consumers. 8. Municipal, state or government ownership, operation, or control of steam railroads, other public utilities, or business enterprises, is condemned as socialistic, un-American, and not in the public interest. We declare unequivocally the desire and intention of the organized retail trade to conduct business with full regard for public interest, and disapprove the ill-advised interference of political bodies in a business with which they are not acquainted.

9. We believe that the functions of trade organizations should be to create, through educational channels, a better understanding of the problems which confront the producer, the manufacturer, or the merchant; and further, to encourage and aid in establishing the most efficient methods of production, manufacture, and merchandising. We believe trade organizations, con

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